World History: Europe
By Anastas Kanaris and Chris Polidoro
Technology and Environmental Transformations ( to 600 CE)
Chapters 1, 4 and 5
Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment
Homo erectus Europe Southern Europe to Northern
Stayed settled Agriculture spawn Domesticated animals Neolithic revolution
Agricultural development Hunters, fishermen, foragers Bronze Age
Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Greek/Roman religions gods
Aristotle/Cicero moderation/balance
Socrates conventional wisdom
Geometry/anatomy important Roman engineering Arts/literature Zoroastrianism Olympic games Greek sculptures, architecture, plays Romans rarely surpassed Greeks
Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
Roman/Greek Empire Greek city-states
Polis Aristocratic rule Despite democracy No single style (Greece)
democracy most famous Governments supported official religion
tolerated others Loyalty state
uniform principles
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
Greeks/Romans farmers Commercial agriculture
Private merchants Grain trade
Also extensive trade Slavery=important
Military/household tasks/outside work Women in business Greek trading network Roman goods traded-(China/India)
Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures
Mostly Farmers Landlords squeeze farmers to low class Slavery=important social institution Family tight social structure
men in firm control Women had great influence/power in
house Still subordinate to men
Society lagged behind China/India Status of women better than China
Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE-1450 CE)
Chapters 9,10 and 15
Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment
Slavic Europe West: agriculture suffered 9th Century
3 field system Increase yields
Horse Collars Move to Urban Areas Began Commercial Network
spread of diseases
Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Byzantine Empire Origin in 4th Century Benefitted from Hellenistic World Culture Exchange
Kievan Rus Russia separate from Europe development Feudal Europe Benefitted from Catholic Church Widespread Commercial Network Crusades Problems b/w East/West Great Schism
Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
Justinian Attempt re-conquer W. land
Successors concentrated on defense Long decline Crusaders sacked Constantinople Ottoman Turks conquer (1453) Kiev- Captured by Tatars European expansion Conflict in West… Crusades
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
Byz- Depended on countryside control Regulated trade/food Peasants food/taxes Widespread Commercial Network Italians took away from Byzantines Russia- Kiev=commercial center Medieval Europe: Self Sufficient Agricultural Advancements
Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures
Feudalism Monarch-Vassal-Knight-Serf To control large territories Church above all Cities encouraged lay groups
Global Interactions (1450 CE-1750 CE)
Chapters 16, 17 and 18
Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment
Technological improvements Sail Atlantic Improved metalwork techniques Improved navigational skills Printing Colombian exchange
food, disease, people International spread of disease Many deaths Major population increases
Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Renaissance Secular topics Religion declined (Deism) Humanism
Changed styles art/sculpture Writers mixed themes Northern rulers art patrons Replaced Gothic Catholic Reformation
Challenged Catholicism Protestant groups
Lutheran, Anglican, Calvinism, Jesuits Religious wars
Major science advances Literacy became widespread
Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
Atlantic exploration Overseas empires Carve up Africa
Gained profits Commercial Revolution Rebellionssocial tension Science revolution new government Frederick the Great Monarchs gained new powers French centralized authority
formed a bureaucracy/military Absolute monarchy Louis XIV Territorial expansion Parliamentary regimes Politically divided/at war
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
Dominated economy Producers/suppliers
Africa =slave supplier Merchants/manufacturers profited Commercialization spurred Trading companies Agricultural regions Mass consumerism Agricultural methods improved
New World crops increased supply Agricultural advances spurred manufacturing
Household production Economic change growing population Manufacturing jobs
Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures
European-style family Intensified linksfamilies/individual
property holdings Later marriage
form of birth control New rural/urban proletariat
Suffered from increased food prices Popular protest Witchcraft hysteria Longer lives
Industrialization & Global Integration (1750 CE-1900 CE)
Chapters 23, 24 and 27
Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment
Technological Improvements Industrial Revolution Weapon improvements Population Stabilized Urban Growth continuation
Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Shift to Land Empires in Asia Dutch in Java British in India
Forced Trade Philosophies
Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
Governments=Monarchies Revolutionaries break monarchy
Some democratic republics Russia: immense social strain British, French, Dutch empires Nationalism Revolution Pattern
Started in US liberal rights/religious freedom.
Women wanted = Revolution spread Constitutions sought Manorialism terminated Aristocrats declined in power
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
Mercantilism Changed economic policies
Trade w/ Asia altered Serfs emancipated
Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures
Proletariat class developed Youthful independence grew
Sexual behavior altered Free but not free (Serfs)
Accelerating Global Change & Realignments ( 1900 CE-Present)
Chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 36
Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment
New household technologies Limit migration Europe
Had become multinational Major war/fighting upgrade
Blitzkrieg Machine guns Atomic weapons
Environmental damage Agricultural production problems Debate focal points
Green movement Environmental issues
Forced industrialization Environmental disaster (Soviet Union) Diseases
Industrial skills/labor policies AIDS Western Europe
Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Art, films, literature Modern art
Scientific advances Genetics, space (sputnik)
New household technologies Consumer culture expansion Popular culture European “Americanization” Sexual experimentation Adoption of Western culture
Worldwide homogeneity NationalismSoviet Union Religious freedom restricted Literature spread Promoted science Collapse of communism Back to Orthodox Christianity
Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
World War I World War II Cold War End of empires Spread to democracy
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
Great Depression Industrialization continued
Weaponry Space race (USSR)
Euro Current economy
Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures
Women voting Peasant issues (after WW1) Middle class link rulers/military Jews/communists killed(1930s)
Concentration camps New work women Middle class leisure 1940s crime increases More marriages Higher education gains Divorce/birth control Marriage/children later ages Maternal care replaced Men and women 100% =