Business in Business in Action 6e Action 6e Bovée/ThillBovée/Thill
Financial Markets Financial Markets and Investmentand Investment
StrategiesStrategies
Chapter 19Chapter 19
Stocks
Stock Ownership of or
equity in a company
a share of stock represents a specific portion of ownership
Securities Investments such
as stocks, bonds, options, futures, and commodities
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Types of Stock
Common Stock Shares of ownership that include voting rights
Preferred Stock Shares of ownership without voting rights but
with defined dividends
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Stock Valuation
Par Value the value assigned when the stock is first
issued
Book Value The difference between the assets and
liabilities as listed on the balance sheet
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Stock Valuation (cont.)
Market Value The price at which
the stock is actually selling in the stock market
Intrinsic Value An estimate of what
a company is actually worth, independent of book and market values
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Investment Categories of Common Stock
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Stock Valuation
Price/ Earnings Ratio The market value per share divided by the
earnings per share
Stock Split The act of dividing a share into two or more
new shares and reducing the market value by the same ratio
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How to Read a Stock Quotation
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Bonds
Face Value The amount of money, or principal , a bond
buyer lends to a bond issuer; also known as par value or denomination
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Bonds (cont.)
Maturity Date The date on which the principal of a bond will
be repaid in full
Yield Interest income a purchaser receives from the
bond
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How to Read a Bond Quotation
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Advantages of Bonds
1. Most bonds are less risky than stocks and many other investments
2. Bonds offer lower volatility than stocks
3. Corporate bonds with twice-yearly interest payments can provide a regular source of income
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Bond Issuers
Treasury Bills Short-term debt securities issued by the
federal government also referred to as T-bills
Treasury Notes Debt securities issued by the federal
government that are repaid within 1 to 10 years after issuance
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Bond Issuers (cont.)
Treasury Bonds Debt securities issued by the federal
government that are repaid more than 10 years after issuance
Municipal Bonds Bonds issued by states, cities, and various
government agencies to fund public projects
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Bond Issuers (cont.)
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) Treasury issues in which the principal amount
is tied to the Consumer Price Index to protect the buyer against the effects of inflation
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Mutual Funds
Portfolio Diversification Spreading investments across enough
different vehicles to protect against significant declines in any one vehicle
Mutual Funds Financial instruments that pool money from
many investors to buy a diversified mix of stocks, bonds, or other securities
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Mutual Funds
Expense Ratio The annual cost of owning a mutual fund,
expressed as a percentage
No-load Funds
Mutual funds that do not charge loads Load
The sales commission charged when buying or selling a mutual fund
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Mutual Funds (cont.)
Index Funds Mutual funds that mirror the composition of a
particular market or index
Index A statistical indicator of the rise and fall of a
representative group of securities
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Mutual Funds (cont.)
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Mutual funds whose shares are traded on
public exchanges in the same way as stocks
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How to Read a Mutual Fund Quotation
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Options
Option The purchased right—but not the obligation—
to buy or sell a specified number of shares of a stock at a predetermined price during a specified period
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Financial Futures
Financial Futures Contracts to buy or sell a financial instrument
(such as stocks, Treasury bonds, and foreign currencies) for a set price at a future date
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Financial Futures (cont.)
Commodities Futures Contracts to buy or sell specific amounts of
commodities for a set price at a future date
Currency Futures Contracts to buy or sell amounts of specified
currency at some future date
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Financial Markets
Stock Exchanges Organizations that
facilitate the buying and selling of stock
Bond Market The collective
buying and selling of bonds
most bond trading is done over the counter, rather than in organized exchanges
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Establishing Investment Objectives
Why do you want to get more money?How much will you need - and when?How much can you invest?How much risk are you willing to accept?How much liquidity do you need?What are the tax consequences?
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Learning to Analyze Financial News
Bull Market A market situation
in which most stocks are increasing in value
Bear Market A market situation
in which most stocks are decreasing in value
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Creating an Investment Portfolio
Investment Portfolios Collections of
various types of investments
Asset Allocation Management of a
portfolio to balance potential returns with an acceptable level of risk
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Buying and Selling Securities
Broker A certified expert who is legally registered to
buy and sell securities on behalf of individual and institutional investors
Market Order A type of securities order that instructs the
broker to buy or sell at the best price that can be negotiated at the moment
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Buying and Selling Securities
Limit Order An order that stipulates the highest or lowest
price at which the customer is willing to trade securities
Stop Order An order to sell a stock when its price falls to
a particular point, to limit an investor’s losses
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