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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith
Edwin Ng
BA (Hons)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Deakin University
December 2013
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................iii Abstract .............................................................................................................................vii List of publications and note on Buddhist terminology ............................................................ ix Introduction: Is There a ‘Postsecular’ Horizon of Cultural Studies? ............................................................................................................ 1
‘Postsecular’ explorations ................................................................................................. 3 The ethics of cultural studies and perhaps, faith? ..............................................................11 An enunciative practice of a sacred-scholarly profession .................................................. 14 A profession of faith on the contested ground of spirituality ............................................ 16 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................. 19
Chapter One: Towards a Spiritually-Engaged Cultural Studies......................................... 26
Who or what is embarrassed by matters of faith? ............................................................ 29 Governmentality, the neoliberal subject, and a politics of spirituality................................ 39 Individualist and capitalist spirituality.............................................................................. 43 The spirituality of White Collar Zen .................................................................................. 49 The spirituality of engaged Buddhism ............................................................................. 53 The question of meditative experience............................................................................ 59 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 61
Chapter Two: Methods, Traditions, Liminal Identities ..................................................... 64
A ‘cultural thing’ ............................................................................................................. 64 A preliminary note about ‘Western Buddhism’................................................................. 67 Buddhist theology and Buddhist critical-constructive reflection ....................................... 69 Autoethnographical reflections of a postcolonial ‘Western Buddhist’ convert ................... 76 Portraits and legacies of Buddhist modernism ................................................................. 84 The insight (vipassanā) meditation movement ................................................................ 96 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 102
Chapter Three: Of Intellectual Hospitality, Buddhism and Deconstruction ........................................................................................105
Social constructivist critique and the sacred claim of unmediated awareness ................... 107 Dependent co-arising and différance .............................................................................110 Reconsidering the Buddhist criticism of deconstruction ..................................................118 Unconditional unconditionality unconditionally.............................................................. 127 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................134
Chapter Four: The ‘Religious Question’ in Foucault’s Genealogies of Experience .............................................................................138
PART I: THE ROLE OF EXPERIENCE IN FOUCAULT’S OEUVRE ‘Experience’ as constitutive historical conditions ........................................................ 142 ‘Experience’ as transformative force .......................................................................... 144 ‘Limit-experience’, ‘transgression’, and ‘spiritual corporality’ ...................................... 149
PART II: THE TURN TO THE SUBJECT AND ETHICS The ‘Nietzschean legacy’ and quest for a different morality .........................................154 Foucault’s ‘Iranian experiment’ .................................................................................. 160 Is ‘political spirituality’ religious or secular? .................................................................165 Affirming the messianicity of a futural politics............................................................. 173
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Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 178 Chapter Five: The Care of Self, Vipassana, and a Buddhist Art of Living ........................................................................................... 182
PART I: THE PRAXIS-IDEAL OF AN ART OF LIVING The work of problematisation and the arts of existence ...............................................185 Foucault’s fourfold analysis of ethics and the care of self ............................................ 189 The double articulation of the self in spiritually-engaged cultural studies .....................195
PART II: VIPASSANA AND A BUDDHIST ART OF LIVING Mindfulness of bodily sensation (ethical substance/the material fold) ......................... 202 The decision to ‘let go’ (mode of subjection/the fold of relations between forces)........ 209 Dissolving the habits of the self (ethical work/the fold of truth)................................... 214 Limit-experience and the body as event (telos/the fold of the outside) ........................ 222
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................231 Chapter Six: Buddhist Social Theory and an Affective Micropolitics of (Un)Becoming ................................................................... 236
An emergent Buddhist social theory .............................................................................. 237 Affect and biopower......................................................................................................247 The half-second delay, meditative awareness, and a micropolitics of perception ............ 255 The intersensory dynamics of perception ...................................................................... 258 The anticipatory triggers of perception ......................................................................... 262 The influence of discipline on perceptual processes ....................................................... 269 The ethico-political fecundity of dwelling in moments of duration...................................279 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 286
Chapter Seven: A Profession of Faith ............................................................................. 289
Rethinking the role of faith in Buddhism........................................................................ 291 The undecidability of faith and faith in undecidability .................................................... 306 Debating the im-possible: radical atheism against God ...................................................310 Between an immanent and transcendent horizon of faith ...............................................319 Awaiting the ‘perhaps’ with Derrida and Foucault .......................................................... 328 The faith of cultural studies, perhaps? ............................................................................332 ?!?!?! ............................................................................................................................. 337
Conclusion: Yours faithfully and with mettā .................................................................. 340 Bibliography................................................................................................................... 369
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Acknowledgements
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Abstract
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Abstract
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Abstract
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List of publications and note on Buddhist terminology
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List of publications and note on Buddhist terminology
Journal articles
♥
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List of publications and note on Buddhist terminology
x
Conference papers
Buddhist terminology
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Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
Is There a ‘Postsecular’ Horizon of Cultural Studies?
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‘Postsecular’ explorations
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The ethics of cultural studies and perhaps, faith?
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An enunciative practice of a sacred-scholarly profession
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A profession of faith on the contested ground of ‘spirituality’
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Chapter Outline
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CHAPTER ONE
Towards a Spiritually-Engaged Cultural Studies
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Who or what is embarrassed by matters of faith?
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Governmentality, the neoliberal subject, and a politics of spirituality
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Individualist and capitalist spirituality
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The spirituality of White Collar Zen
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Do whatever it takes to stop the baby from crying.
You have to be cruel to be kind.
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The spirituality of engaged Buddhism
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2
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The question of meditative experience
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER TWO
Methods, Traditions, Liminal Identities
A ‘cultural thing’
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A preliminary note about ‘Western Buddhism’
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Buddhist theology and Buddhist critical-constructive reflection
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Autoethnographical reflections of a postcolonial ‘Western Buddhist’ convert
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Portraits and legacies of Buddhist modernism
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The insight (vipassanā) meditation movement
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER THREE
Of Intellectual Hospitality, Buddhism and Deconstruction
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Social constructivist critique and the sacred claim of unmediated awareness
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Dependent co-arising and différance
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Reconsidering the Buddhist criticism of deconstruction
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Unconditional unconditionality unconditionally
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER FOUR
The ‘Religious Question’ in Foucault’s Genealogies of Experience
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PART I: THE ROLE OF EXPERIENCE IN FOUCAULT’S OEUVRE
‘Experience’ as constitutive historical conditions
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‘Experience’ as transformative force
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‘Limit-experience’, ‘transgression’, and ‘spiritual corporality’
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PART II: THE TURN TO THE SUBJECT AND ETHICS
The ‘Nietzschean legacy’ and the quest for a different morality
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Foucault’s ‘Iranian experiment’
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Is ‘political spirituality’ religious or secular?
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Affirming the messianicity of a futural politics
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER FIVE
The Care of Self, Vipassana, and a Buddhist Art of Living
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PART I: THE PRAXIS-IDEAL OF AN ART OF LIVING
The work of problematisation and the arts of existence
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Foucault’s fourfold analysis of ethics and the care of self
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The double articulation of the self in spiritually-engaged cultural studies
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PART II: VIPASSANA AND A BUDDHIST ART OF LIVING
Mindfulness of bodily sensation (ethical substance/the material fold)
1
2
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The decision to ‘let go’ (mode of subjection/the fold of relations between forces)
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Dissolving the habits of the self (ethical work/the fold of truth)
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Limit-experience and the body as event (telos/the fold of the outside)
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER SIX
Buddhist Social Theory and a n Affective Micropolitics of (Un)Becoming
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An emergent Buddhist social theory
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Affect and biopower
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The half-second delay, meditative awareness, and a micropolitics of perception
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Conclusion
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CHAPTER SEVEN
A Profession of Faith
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Rethinking the role of faith in Buddhism
1
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The undecidability of faith and faith in undecidability
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Between an immanent and transcendent horizon of faith
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 327
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 328
Awaiting the ‘perhaps’ with Derrida and Foucault
3
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 329
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 330
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 331
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 332
The faith of cultural studies, perhaps?
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 333
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 334
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 335
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 336
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 337
?!?!?!
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 338
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Chapter Seven
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 339
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 340
CONCLUSION
Yours faithfully and with mettā
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 341
1
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 342
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 343
2
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 344
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 345
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 346
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 347
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 348
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 349
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 350
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 351
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 352
6
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 353
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 354
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 355
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 356
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 357
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 358
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 359
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 360
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 361
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 362
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 363
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 364
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 365
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 366
10
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 367
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Conclusion
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 368
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Bibliography
Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 369
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 370
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 371
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 372
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 373
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 374
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 375
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 376
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 377
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 378
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 379
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 380
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 381
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 382
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 383
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 384
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 385
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 386
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 387
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 388
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 389
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 390
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 391
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 392
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 393
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 394
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Buddhism, Cultural Studies, A Profession of Faith 395