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• Bring it all Together!!!– Following this list of things we have
already learned, can you guess what our topic is going to be today? (Hint: It’s somewhere on the following list)
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1.All living things are composed of cells.
2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3.New cells are produced from existing cells.
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Cells are small so they can exchange materials with their surroundings.
Surface area relative to the volume decreases as size of cell increases.
- limits the size of cells
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Prokaryotes
• Do not have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus (ex: Bacteria)
Eukaryotes• Have their genetic material
enclosed in a nucleus
What do animal and plant cells have in common? What do they have that are different? (Venn Diagram Later!)
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Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Are these eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Each have organelles-“little organs”
What do animal and plant cells have in common? What do they have that are different? (Venn Diagram Later!)
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Cell Membrane
• A thin flexible barrier surrounding all cells.
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Cytoplasm
• The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus.
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Nucleus• The nucleus contains nearly all of the
cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
• The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of two membranes, with pores that allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus.
• The granular material inside is chromatin which consists of DNA bound to protein.
• Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, which are threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
• Also, there is the nucleolus, which is a dense region where the assembly of ribosome begins.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. – Rough ER: involved in the
synthesis of proteins. Newly made proteins leave the attached ribosome and are inserted into the rough ER
– Smooth ER: contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids, and the detoxification of drugs.
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Golgi Apparatus• Function is to modify, sort,
and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
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Ribosomes• Small particles of RNA
and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins
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Mitochondria• Convert chemical
energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
• You get mitochondria from your mom.
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Chloroplasts (Only in Plant Cells and some other
organisms)
• Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
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Vacuole (Only in Plant Cells and some other
organisms)
• Store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• The pressure of the central vacuole in plant cells makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.
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Cell Wall (Only in Plant Cells and some other
organisms)
• The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cells.
• Found in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes.
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Lysosomes (Only in animal cells)
• One function is the digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
• Also involved in breaking down organelles that have died.
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Centrioles(Only in animal cells)
• Located near the nucleus
• Help to organize cell division
– Cytoskeleton : network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and also is involved in movement