Download - Breakup of Yugoslavia
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Breakup of Yugoslavia
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Austria vs. SerbiaArchduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to Austro-Hungarian ThroneGavrilo Princip
Anti-Austrian Nationalist of Serbia
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p. 427
What happened to Serbia’s plans for an all-Slavic nation?
p. 427Europe Pre-World War 1
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p. 427
Yugoslavia is formed in Balkans after WW1
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Post-WW2 Yugoslavia• Social Federal Republic
– Yugoslavia goes Communist, but is not connected to USSR
– Becomes a federation where each republic is given some form of self-rule
• Josip Broz Tito– President from 1945-1980– United the people of Yugoslavia
through totalitarian rule– Despite being a dictator, he
was popular among his people– Seen as “benevolent dictator”
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Yugoslavia
SLOVENIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINACROATIA
MACEDONIA MONTENEGRO SERBIA
VOJVODINA KOSOVO
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What do you notice about the location of the different
ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?
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Ante Pavelic • World War II– Nazi Germany invades
Yugoslavia & conquers it
• Ante Pavelic– Croatian who led a Nazi group
in Yugoslavia– Pavelic begins to exterminate
Serbs – “Butcher of the Balkans”
• Tensions– After WW2, the tensions
between the groups were only calmed by Tito’s leadership
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Tensions Rise• Slobodan Milošević– Tito dies in 1980– Serbian Milošević becomes
new Yugoslavian President
• Ethnic Tension– Ethnic groups begin to fight
• Political Changes– End of Cold War– As parts of the former USSR
declared independence, parts of Yugoslavia do the same
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1989
Yugoslavia is one united nation under Communism.
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June 1991
Slovenia & Croatia declare themselves independent nations; Croatian Serbs fight back
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September 1991
Macedonia declares their independence.
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March 1992
Bosnia & Herzegovina declare their independence.
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April 1992
Serbia & Montenegro remain united as a new Yugoslavia.
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Civil War in Yugoslavia• Yugoslav Wars– Most Serbs supported unity; Yugoslavia fights to retain areas– Slovenia & Croatia win independence through bloody wars
• War in Bosnia– Bosnia & Herzegovina declare independence, but arguments
break out among the ethnic groups of Bosnia• Bosnian Muslims & Croats support independence• Bosnian Serbs want to remain part of Yugoslavia
– Bosnian Serbs form paramilitary units• Paramilitary units are supported by Milošević • Begin a policy of Ethnic Cleansing against Muslim & Croat
people in Bosnia
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Sarajevo: under siege
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Ethnic Cleansing• Ethnic Cleansing
– “Purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas” (U.N.)
– Mostly blamed on Serbs, but used by all sides in Bosnian conflict
• Methods– Murder, torture, unfair arrests,
executions, sexual assaults, ghettos, forcible deportation, etc.
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Results of Ethnic Cleansing• Death Toll
– 100,000+ estimated killed
• Refugees– A person who leaves his/her
home/nation to find safety– Near 3 million displaced
• Hague Trial– 2002 – U.N. puts Milošević
on trial for genocide & other crimes against humanity
– 2006 – Milošević dies of a heart attack while in custody
– Mixed international reaction
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Breakup Continues• Kosovo– 1999 – Kosovo War– 2008 – declare independence;
Not recognized; U.N. governed
• Vojvodina– 2002 – given more autonomy– 2008 – allowed self-rule, but
still under Serbian control
• Montenegro– 2006 – declare independence;
Serbia does not object
• Serbia– 2006 – Yugoslavia dissolved
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2008