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Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jÄœk© gâ¥gf«br‹id - 600 017
br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ
2
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2 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ü‰ F¿¥ò
ü‰bga® : br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
MáÇa® : Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gâ¥ghs® : nfh. ïstHf‹
Kjš gâ¥ò : 2009
jhŸ : 16 » btŸis¤ jhŸ
msî : 1/8 bj«Ä
vG¤J : 11 òŸË
g¡f« : 200
üš f£lik¥ò : ïašò (rhjhuz«)
Éiy : cUgh. 185/-
gofŸ : 1000
üyh¡f« : ghthz® fÂÅâ.ef®, br‹id - 17.
m£il totik¥ò : F£Éš f«¥ô£l®R
m¢á£nlh® : $ bt§fnlRtuhM¥br£ ãÇ©l®Rïuha¥ng£il, br‹id - 14.
btËpL : jÄœk© gâ¥gf«2, á§fhunty® bjU,âahfuha®ef®, br‹id - 600 017.bjh.ng. 2433 9030Ä‹dŠrš :[email protected]
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3Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gâ¥òiu
jÄÊ‹ bjh‹ikia, jÄHÇ‹ nk‹ikiacyF¡F¡ fh£oa bgUªjÄœ m¿P®fË‹ thœ¡if¢RtLfŸ “br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ” vD« jiy¥ãšïu©L bjhFâfshf btËtU»‹wd.
kiw¡f¥g£L«, òij¡f¥g£L«, áij¡f¥g£L«,ÚU¡F« beU¥ò¡F« ïiuah¡f¥g£lJ« nghf vŠáajÄH¿î¡ fUñy§fis tU§fhy¤ jÄÊd¤J¡F¤ njovL¤J¥ òijayhf tH§»¢ br‹w mUªjÄœ¥bgÇnahiu ïªj neu¤âš e‹¿¥ bgU¡Fl‹tz§Fnth«.
‘jÄœk© gâ¥gf«’ bjhif bjhifahŒ üšfisbtËÆ£L¤ jÄœüš gâ¥ãš jÅ K¤âiu¥ gâ¤JtUtij jÄGyf« m¿í«. v« K¤âiu¥ gâ¥òfË‹tÇirÆš‘br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ’ üY« btËtU»‹wd.
jÄH®fŸ j« K‹ndhÇ‹ ciH¥ig m¿ªJjÄG¡F«, jÄÊd¤J¡F«, jÄœk©Q¡F«bjh©lh‰w K‹tu nt©L« vD« ÉU¥g¤jhšï¥gâ¥ò btËtU»wJ.üY¡F nguh.Kidt®kh.e‹d‹ mt®fË‹ mªJiuí«, üyháÇaÇ‹“brhšyî« bgÇnj” vD« j‹Diuí« üY¡FtÈikô£o cŸsd.
nfh.ïstHf‹gâ¥ghs®
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4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
mªJiu
nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹
ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D«KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj x¥ò¡bfh©nlh«.
âU gh. ïiwaur‹ khÃy¡ fšÿÇÆš vk¡F khzh¡fuhÆUªJ jÄœ KJfiy gÆ‹wh®. m¥nghnj v«ik¡ ft®ªje‹khzh¡fUŸ xUtuhŒ mt® És§»dh®.
m§F go¡F«nghJ«, mj‹ ã‹dU« j« gÂfS¡»ilnajiyaha gÂahf¤ jÄœ¡ fh¥ò¥ gÂiaí« bjhl®ªJ«, áwªJ«brŒJtUgtuhth®. FHªij¡F¤ jÄœ¥ bga®fŸ, jÄœ ïy¡»atuyhW, jÄœeh£L tuyhW, jÄH® ehfÇf tuyhW, ïjHhs®ghuâah®, nkL gŸs« (áWfij¤ bjhF¥ò), ghiy eh}W (òJ¡fÉij), ghuâahÇ‹ É#ah NÇnahja« ïjœfŸ, fšÉ¤ jÄœkyUkh?, jÅehaf mofË‹ ïjÊaš tʤ jÄœ¥g KjÈag‰gy gaDŸs üšfis vG⢠áwªJŸsh®.
jÄH® ahtU« m¿ªâU¡f nt©oa rh‹nwh® tuyhWfisí« njÜ nghš âu£o ïsŠN£oš ïw¡» vL¤j Rit¡f£ofŸ nghš ïªüš thÆyhf¤ jªJŸsh®. xUtiu¥ g‰¿¤bjǪJbfhŸs nt©oat‰WŸS« áyt‰iw k£L« nj®ªJ¢RU§f¢ brhšyš vËj‹W. xU ehns£oš mt®fŸ ïj‰fhf
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5Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
xJ¡F« ïl¤âš ml§F«goí« fU¤J KGik ïU¡F«tifÆY« vGJtJ ÄfÄf mÇa brany. ï›tÇa braiy¤ âUïiwaur‹ ïªüiy cUth¡»aj‹ thÆyhf¢ áw¡f¢brŒJŸsh®.
ïªüyhš m¿a¥gL« bgUk¡fŸ m¤jidngU« e‰wÄœ¥bgUk¡fns! ït®fËš gy® kiw¡f¥g£L kw¡f¥g£nlhuht®.Mdhš mt®fŸ ahtU« e«khš kw¡f¤jfhnjhUkht® v‹gije‹F cz®ªjjh‰wh‹ âU ïiwaur‹ m¥ bgUk¡fË‹tuyhWfis öRJil¤J kÂaik¥gJ nghš mik¤J¤ Jy§f¢brŒJŸsh®.
Js¡fÄ‹¿¤ Jy§f¢ brŒí« gÂia ïiwaur‹ e‹whf¢brŒJŸsh®. gaDŸs gÂbrŒJŸs Kidt® ïiwaur‹mt®fis cskhu¥ ghuh£o thœ¤J»nwh«.
‘áW Fo’ kh. e‹d‹mu§fuhròu«,br‹id - 600 015ehŸ : 07-07-2009
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6 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
brhšyî« bgÇnj!
br«bkhÊ v‹W jÄiH eLt© muR m¿É¤JÉ£ljdhnyna jÄG¡F¥ bgUik tªJ nr®ªJÉlÉšiy. gšyhÆu« M©LfS¡F K‹ãUªnj jÄœbr«bkhÊjh‹. tlbkhÊia - rk‰»Uj¤ij ca®¤â¥ãw bkhÊfis¤ jhœ¤â¢ brh‹dbghGJ jÄiHca®¤â¥ ão¤J m¿É¡f nt©oa f£lha« âUPhdr«gªjU¡F« (ãw eha‹kh®fS¡F«, Mœth®fS¡ F« ) g uŠ nr hâ K Å tU ¡F « j Äœ ÉL öJMáÇaU¡F« fhšLbtš, ngh¥ò Kjyhd btËeh£Lm¿P®fS¡F« tlÿ® ïuhkȧf tŸsyhU¡F«khfwš fh®¤ânfadh®¡F« Phd¥ ãufhr mofshU¡F« ghuâ¡F« ghuâjhrD¡F« kiwkiymofS¡F« ghthzU¡F« bgUŠá¤âudh®¡F« vdï‹d ãw®¡F« njit M»aJ.
rka¤â‹ bgauhš rk‰»Uj« brŒJ tªj tšyh©ikia M£á bkhÊÆ‹ bgauhš ïªâí« cyf kakh¡fÈ‹ bgauhš M§»yK« brŒJ tU»‹wd. rk‰»Uj¤â‰F« ïªâ¡F« M§»y¤J¡F« »il¡»w —brŒa¥gL»w áw¥òfS« bgUikfS« muá‹ cjÉí«tÈikí« jÄG¡F¡ »il¡f nt©L«. Vbd‹whšm«bkhÊfisÉl bjh‹ikí« áw¥ò« M‰wY«tuyhW« tÈikí« bfh©l bkhÊ jÄœbkhÊv‹gjhš!
Mdhš jÄG¡F cÇa bgUikfis¢ nr®¡fî«ts®¡fî« jÄHdhš KoaÉšiy. M£áÆš Mtz¤âšfh£áÆš m¿ÉaÈš rka¤âš vd mid¤J¤ JiwfËY« jÄG¡F¤ jÄœeh£onyna ts®¢áÆšiy;thœîÄšiy! jÄœeh£L¡ FHªijfŸ M§»y¤âšgo¤jhšjh‹ m¿î v‹W TW« bg‰nwh®fŸ! M§»y¤â‹_y« jh‹ jÄiH ts®¡f Koí« v‹W TW« bgÇnah®
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7Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fŸ! ãw bkhÊfis m¿ªJ jÄH‹ cybf§F« guªJg£L¢ br‹W j‹ thœití« jÄœ bkhÊ ts¤ijí«gu¥òtJ ntW; ãw bkhÊfis V‰W¤ jhŒ¤ jÄiHí«j‹ milahs¤ijí« cÇikfisí« ïH¥gJ ntW.gHªjÄœ m¿P®fŸ brŒj bjh©L msÉ£Liu¡f KoahjJ! jÄœ¤bjh©l® j« bgUik brhšyî« bgÇnj!mt®fŸ brŒj bjh©oš mQ msntD« eh« brŒnjhkh? mt®fŸ brŒj gÂfŸ Ãiy¡f¢ brŒnjhkh?mt®fŸ brŒj üšfŸ KGJ« ï‹iw¡F¡ »il¡»‹wdth? mid¤J üšfisí« Kj‰ gâ¥òfisí«giHa V£L¢ Rtofisí« br¥ngLfisí« tuyh‰W¢á‹d§fisí« ghJfh¡f - m¿Éaš ts®ªJŸs ÃiyÆš Mtz¥ gL¤j - E©gl¢RUŸ (ik¡nuh~ãÈ«),FWªjfL M¡f« brŒa nt©L«. m©ik¡ fhy¤âšthœªJ kiwªj jÄH¿P®j« tuyh‰iwí« mt®j«üšfisí« Tl eh« KGikahf Mtz¥gL¤jÉšiy.
ehk¡fš fÉP® brhštJnghš gh®¥gd®fS¡F¢rk‰»Uj¤â‹ ghš gÇî« jÄÊ‹ ghš jhœîkd¥gh‹ikí« c©L. MÆD« K.á. óuzȧf« ãŸisghuh£LtJ nghš ‘rk‰»Uj¤âš g‰W« jÄiH¤ jhœthf¡ fUJ« kd¥gh‹ikí« bfh©l Fy¤âš ãwªJ«jÄÊ‹ bgUikia cyf¿a¢ brŒj gÇâkh‰ fiyPiueh« kw¡f KoahJ. ghuâahU«, K. ïuhfita§fhU«,ïuh. ïuhfita§fhU«, c.nt. rhÄehj mŒaU«, ã.o.ÓÅthrmŒa§fhU«, É.M®. ïuhk¢rªâu Ô£rjU«, »U£ozrhÄ mŒa§fhU« brŒj jÄœ¤ bjh©Lfis kw¡fKoahJ; kW¡f KoahJ. mt®fŸ brŒj áW jtWfis¢ R£o¡ fh£o¤ âU¤j§fis¢ brhšyyh«;mj‰fhf mt®fŸ brŒj khbgU« gÂfis¤ ö¡» v¿aKoahJ; TlhJ.
rhâÆ‹ bgauhš mt®fis ca®¤â¥ ão¡»wh®fŸ v‹whš, c©ikÆ‹ bgauhš eh« jÄH®fisca®¤â¥ ão¡fî« jtw¡TlhJ. ghuâahÇ‹ ghlšfis¥ ghuh£oaJ nghš fÉkÂ, ehk¡fšyh® ghlšfis¥ ghuh£L§fns‹! c.nt.rh. VL bjhF¤jJnghšá.it. jhnkhju« ãŸisí«, bt.g.R. KjÈahU«,á. fdfrig¥ãŸisí« bjhF¤j brŒâ btËÆl¥
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8 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
g£ljh? r§füšfis ïuhkȧf mofshU« bgU«òyt® Ûdh£á Rªju« ãŸisí« MWKfehtyU«K‹dnu m¿ªâUªjd® v‹w òfœghl nt©oaJjhnd!
rhâ, kj«, ïd«, C®, f£á, bfhŸiffŸ, áWntWghLfŸ ït‰whš ãsîg£L ÉgJ jtW. jÄœbkhÊí«, jÄœehL«, jÄœ ïdK« bjh‹ikí«tuyh‰W¢ áw¥ò« Ä¡f bgUikia Ãiyeh£Lnth«.âUitah‰¿š bjY§F ïir bfh©lhl¥ gL»wJv‹whš jÄÊiria V‹ Ú§fŸ bfh©lhlÉšiy?Mãufh« g©ojU« ÉòyhdªjU« Flªij RªjnurdhU«brŒjJnghš c§fŸ Ka‰á x‰Wikahš ïd¤â‹Ka‰á Mf£L«!
jÄnHhir ehËjÊš jÄœ k¡fŸ ey« ehL« bghJthœÉaš f£LiufŸ bjhl®ªJ vGând‹; ã‹jÄnHhir ïjÊ‹ PhƉW¡ »Hik ïiz¥ãjHh»a‘fsŠáa«’ gFâ¡F¤ bjhl®ªJ jÄH¿P®fis¥ g‰¿¢“br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ” v‹W vGjyhnd‹. fsŠáa«ïjHháÇa® âU. ahz‹ jªj C¡f« bgÇJ!
eh‹ “jÄœ ïy¡»a tuyhW” vGâa fhy¤âÈUªJ(1982) bjhF¤J tªj bjhš jÄœ m¿P® tuyh‰iw¥g©nl gâªâUªj ïjœfŸ üšfŸ KjÈat‰¿‹ gil¥ghs®fŸ, f£Liu M¡F« fhy¤nj cjÉa nguháÇa®m‹gHfdh® MŒî üyf¤â‹ üyf® Rªjuuhr‹,jÄH¿P®fË‹ XÉa« tiuªjˤj beŒntÈ nfhɪj‹,jÄnHhir ïjÊÈUªJ ‘br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ’f£Liufis vL¤J btËÆ£l mbkÇ¡f ïjœ ‘ â jÄœil«Þ’, mªJiu mˤj ‘jÄiH¤ jÄHh¡Fnth«’vd ïa¡fkhf thG« v‹ nguháÇa® kh. e‹d‹ Iah,‘br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ’ vd üyhf¥ gâ¥ã¡F«jÄœk© gâ¥gf¤jh® M»a midtÇ‹ bgUikí«bgÇJ! jÄœ¤bjh©l®j« bgUik brhšyî« bgÇnj!
- gh. ïiwaur‹if¥ngá : 9840416727
Ä‹dŠrš : [email protected]ïiza js« : http//iraiarasu.blogspot.com
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9Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
cŸsl¡f«
gâ¥òiu ..................................................................................................... 3 mªJiu ............................................................................................... 4 brhšyî« bgÇnj! ................................................................................. 626. jÄœ br«bkhÊah? .............................................................................. 11
(gÇâkh‰ fiyP®27. kh¡f¤jÄœ....................................................................................... 19
gh.nt. kh¡f eha¡f®
28. fhªâ¡F M£L¥ ghY« âUlD¡F¤ jÄœ¥ bg£oí«! ...... 26jŠir ÓÅthrãŸis
29. »¿¤Jt¡ f«g®! .................................................................................. 33v.M. »U£oz¥ãŸis
30. c§fŸ CÇš v¤jid fh¡if? .................................................. 40btŸs¡fhš g.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
31.muR CÊa® ö¡fK« M£áa® V¡fK«! ................................... 48nfhghy »U£oz ghuâ
32. ghuâ¡F¥ gh£L jªj ghuâ............................................................ 54br‹ÅFs« m©zhkiy bu£oah®
33. jhnd jhdh« j¡fo j§f«! ........................................................... 61m. khjitah
34. mL¥bgÇ¡f¥g£l tH¡F¤ jhŸfŸ ........................................... 70át¡fÉk á.f. R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
35. JŸË¡ Fâ¡FJ f‹W¡F£o! ...................................................... 78fÉk njáf Éehaf« ãŸis
36. Fo¥gij¤ jL¥gnj nfho nfho ò©Âa« ........................... 86ehk¡fš fÉP® nt. ïuhkȧf«
37. bršyÇ¡F« br¥ngLfS« fšbt£LfS«! .......................... 93nfhit »Hh® á.k. ïuhk¢rªâu‹
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10 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
38. fh¥ãakhd nguháÇa® ..................................................................... 99g©ojk K. fânur‹ br£oah®
39. òytU¡F¡ f£oa nfhÆš!............................................................ 107ehty® e.K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lh®
40. r¤âu¤J¢ nrhW« rk‰»UjK«! ............................................... 114jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtu®
41. mtŸ ngh£l fz¡F! ...................................................................... 122mu§fnt§flhry« ãŸis
42. f«g® v‹ khkdh® ............................................................................ 130brfåugh©oadh®
43. V®kÅ murU«, jÄœ M¢rhÇahU« ......................................... 137Phd¥ãufhr mofsh®
44. ïuha¥ng£il ïu©lhdJ ......................................................... 144nfh. tontY¢ br£oah®
45. rkz¤ j¤Jt PhÅ ........................................................................ 151r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®
46 jÄœ¤ njÜ .......................................................................................... 158M. á§fhuntY KjÈah®
47. jÄœ¤ jh¤jhî¡F cjÉat®! .................................................... 164É. fdfrig¥ ãŸis
48 fªjrhÄ¥ ãŸisí« jÄœ kfS« ............................................. 170Ú. fªjrhÄ¥ãŸis
49 gF¤j¿î¥ gh£l‹! ........................................................................... 177mnah¤âjhr g©oj®
50. khzt® jªj ghl« ........................................................................... 185Nis nrhkRªju ehaf®
51. jŤjÄœ¤ jªij! ........................................................................... 193kiwkiy mofŸ
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11Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
26. jÄœ br«bkhÊah?
jÄiH¢ br«bkhÊ v‹W Kj‹ Kjš cyF¡Fm¿É¤jt® fhšLbtš Mth®. eh‹fh« jÄœ¢r§f«kJiuÆš ÃWÉa gh©o¤Jiu¤ njtU« k‹d® ghRfunrJgâí« mt®fS¡F¤ ö©Ljyhf ïUªj PhÅahuofS« jÄœ br«bkhÊ v‹W nkilfËš ngátªjd®. fhšLbtš fU¤J cybf§F« guÉa ÃiyÆšiuÞnlÉ£, É‹br‹£ ÞĤ, É‹Rnyh KjÈnahU«kndh‹kÂa« bg. Rªjudh®, nrr»Ç rh¤âÇah®,ã.o.ÓÅthr mŒa§fh®, ïuhk¢rªâu Ô£áj®, khfwšfh®¤ânfa KjÈah® M»nahU« jÄÊ‹ áw¥igí«jÄœ ïd¤â‹ bjh‹ikiaí« Ãiy eh£od®.
bjhšfh¥ãa¥ ghÆu¤âÈUªJ ghuâah® ghlštiu ‘brªjÄœ’ v‹W T¿ÆUªJ«, jÄH® áy® ‘jÄœbr«bkhÊah?’ v‹W nf£ld®. kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹rh®ãš btËtªj ‘brªjÄœ’ v‹w ïy¡»a¤ â§fŸïjÊš 1902-ïš ‘jÄœ br«bkhÊna’ v‹W f£LiuvGâdh® É.nfh. NÇaehuhaz rh¤âÇah®.
nguháÇa®br‹id¡ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš ïs§fiy go¤j
nghJ fšÿÇÆ‹ Kjšt® Kidt® ÉšÈa« Äšy®‘NÇa ehuhaz‹’ v‹W tF¥ãš bgaiu¥ go¡f ïl®¥g£lh®. “ï¥bgaiu kh‰¿¡ bfhŸs Koíkh?” v‹Wnf£lh®. kWehŸ ‘NÇa ehuhaz rh¤âÇ’ v‹W vGâaJ«, “ïJ ï‹D« Úskhf ïU¡»wnj?” v‹W nf£lh®Äšy®. “kh‰w¤jh‹ brh‹Ü®fns jÉu¡ Fiw¡f¢brhšyÉšiyna!” v‹wh® NÇaehuhaz®. mtuJJ¢riy¥ ghuh£odh® Äšy®. bl‹År‹ ghlÈš‘M‰¿š m‹d«nghš mirªJ bršY« glF’ v‹WtU« gFâia¡ f‰ã¤j Äšy®, “ïJ ngh‹w áwªj ctikcy»š ntW vªj ïy¡»a¤âY« ïšiy!” v‹wh®.
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12 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
clnd NÇaehuhaz® vGªJ “KL»d beLehthŒKÇâiu beLÚ®thŒ¡, foâÅ‹ klt‹d¡ fâaJ bršy’v‹W jÄÊš f«g® ghoÆU¡»wh®” v‹W T¿ ÄšyÇ‹ghuh£il¥ bg‰wh®.
ghl« tšyh®ïs§fiy Ko¤j clndna MáÇa® gÂna‰wjhš
mt® ïisauhf ïUªjh®. mjdhš áy khzt®fŸFW«ghf elªjd®. ïy¡fz tF¥ãš “mo bjhil g‰¿És¡F§fŸ” v‹wh‹ xU khzt‹. “cd¡F ehis És¡Fkh‰whš És¡Fnt‹” v‹wh® MáÇa® NÇaehuhaz®.“jhkiu¡ f©zhš neh¡»” vdtU« áªjhk tÇ¡F,bg©fŸ jhkiu¡ f©zhš neh¡» v‹W«, jh« miu¡f©zhš neh¡» v‹W«, jh« kiu (kh‹)¡ f©zhšneh¡» v‹W« Ritgl el¤âajhf mt®j« khzt®t.R.br§fštuha¥ ãŸis TWth®.
fhrnehŒ tªJ ïUkš bjhšiy jªjnghJ«“ïUkš bgU kš (bgU« kš = bgU« ngh®) brŒ»wnj”v‹W áǤjthW T¿agona ghl« f‰ã¥ghuh«.
ehlf MáÇa®kndh‹kÂa« Rªjudh®, g«kš r«gªjdh®, ó©o
mu§fehj KjÈah® M»nahU« k‹d® ghRfu nrJgâí« ehlf ts®¢á¡F cjÉat®fŸ. k‹d® ghRfunrJgâÆ‹ mitÆš ‘fyhtâ’ ehlf¤ij¢ NÇaehuhaz® mu§nf‰¿dh®. »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš %ghtâehlf¤ij mu§nf‰¿aJl‹ jhnk fij¤ jiyÉahfeo¤jh®. ïtUila khzt® ryrnyhrd¢ br£oah®brf¥ãÇaÇ‹ ‘á«giy‹’ ehlf¤ij¢ ‘rurh§»’ vdbkhÊ bga®¤jh®. r§ffhy¤ jÄœ ehlf ïy¡fz üškiwªjnj v‹W tUªâ¤ jhnk ‘ehlfÉaš’ vd ehlfïy¡fz« ïa‰¿dh® v‹W ghuâjhr‹ ghuh£Lth®.
âuhÉl rh¤âÇtlbkhÊia¥ ngh‰¿¤ ‘jÄiH¤’ jhœ¤â¡ TWtJ
gh®¥gd®fS¡F« MÇa rh®ãd®¡F« tH¡f«. tlbkhÊna br«bkhÊ v‹W M§»nya muR¡F¡ T¿m¤jid cÇikfS« rYiffS« bg‰W¤ jªâUªjd®.
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13Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
(ï‹iw¡F« mJjh‹ Ãiyik!). m¥go¥g£lFy¤âš ãwªâUªJ« jÄiH¥ ngh‰¿L« NÇa ehuhazrh¤âÇia¤ ‘âuhÉl rh¤âÇ’ v‹W miH¥gnjbghU¤j« v‹W á.it.jhnkhjudh® TWth®.
tlbkhÊna br«bkhÊ v‹W T¿¤ jÄiH¢ br«bkhÊah? v‹W nf£lt®¡F ÉilaˤJ, ÉÇthf¡f£Liu vGâdh® NÇaehuhaz®. Kf« v‹w brhšjÄœ¢ brhš ïšiy v‹gjhf¡ fU⤠‘jÄG¡F Kf«ïšiy’ v‹W jÄiH¥ gʤjd® áy®. tlbkhÊÆšthŒ v‹gj‰F¢ brhš ïšiy v‹gJl‹ mJ thŒtH¡»Hªj bkhÊ v‹gjhš ‘tlbkhÊ¡F thŒ ïšiy’v‹W NÇaehuhaz® vGâdh®. jÄH®¡F ehlf«ïšiy; ehlf« v‹gnj tlbrhš v‹W áy® T¿tªjd®. ïjid kW¤J ehlf« v‹gJ fij¡ T¤J v‹WvGâdh®.
“òuhzkhtJ v‹d v‹whš... flîis¥ g‰¿¤ jk¡F¤njh‹¿athW äiy brŒjjhf¢ áWãŸis¤jdkhf vGj¥g£oU¡F« xU üyh«.”
v‹W vGâat® NÇaehuhaz®.
M§»yK« jÄG«M§»y tÊÆš go¤J Ko¤J M§»yK« bjÇahkš
jÄG« bjÇahkš tƉW¥ gh£L¡fhf MáÇa®fshf¥gÂbrŒa tU»wh®fŸ; M§»y« k£Lkšyhkš jÄÊY« nj®¢á Ä¡ft®fisna MáÇa¥ gÂÆš mk®¤jnt©L« v‹W vGâíŸsh® NÇaehuhaz®. nkY«,M§»y tÊ¡ fšÉia¥ g‰¿,
“IªJ tajhF« K‹d® M§»y« f‰f¤ bjhl§F»‹wd®. jÄœthrK« V‰fhkš M§»y¡ fšÉ bjhl§F« khzt® clšnjŒªJ f© ó¤J kd« ï‰W ehsilÉš akD¡Fczth»‹wd®”- v‹W mt® vGâíŸsij¤ jÄHf k¡fŸ üwh©LfŸ
br‹W« czuhkš j§fŸ jÄœ¡ FHªijfis _‹WtajhF« K‹dnu, M§»y¡ fšÉÆš jŸS»‹wdnu!
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14 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
»¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ üyf¤âš jÄœ üšfS¡FeLÉš X® M§»y¥ nguháÇa® ïUªjh®. NÇa ehuhaz®mtiu beU§», ‘Ú§fŸjh‹ óuzȧf« ãŸisah?’v‹W nf£lh®. ‘M«’ v‹W T¿É£L mt® go¥ãšMœªJÉ£lh®. mo¡fo mtiu¢ rªâ¤J e£òbfh©lh® NÇaehuhaz®. ïUtU« fl‰fiu kzÈš cyhÉafhy¤âš jÄœ tuyhW g‰¿¥ ngád®. m¡fhy¤âšïs§fiy ghl¤â£l¤âš ‘jÄœ bkhÊ tuyhW’ v‹wghl« ïUªJ« nghâa üšfŸ ïšiy. ‘jÄœbkhÊÆ‹tuyhW’ vd¤ jÄÊš NÇaehuhaz® vGâdh®;óuzȧf«ãŸis M§»y¤âš vGâdh®. br‹id¥gšfiy¡fHf¤âš jÄG¡F kh‰whf¢ br«bkhÊah»atlbkhÊia¤jh‹ go¡f nt©L« v‹W 1902-ïšâ£l« bfh©L tªjnghJ mij v⮤j K.á.óuzȧf« ãŸisíl‹ NÇaehuhazU« Fuš bfhL¤jh®.jÄiH Ú¡»¢ rk‰»Uj¤ij¡ f‰ã¤jhš “ãuhkzuhÆndh®¡F Énrõkhd mDTyK« Vidnah®¡FÉnrõ ãuâTyK« Éisíbk‹f” v‹W NÇaehuhaz®vGâdh®. mjdhš m¤â£l« ifÉl¥g£lJ.
fodeilK.á.óuzȧf« ãŸis el¤âa ‘PhdnghâÅ’
ïjÊš ïiz MáÇauhf¥ gÂah‰¿dh® NÇaehuhaz®. M§»y¤âš k£L« btËtªj »¿¤Jt¡fšÿÇ ïjÊš jÄÊš vGâ Kj‹Kjš btËtu¢brŒjh®. ‘brªjÄœ’ ïjÊY« bjhl®ªJ vGâ tªjh®.f£LiufŸ, brŒíŸ, ehlf«, òâd«, bkhÊ bga®¥ò,âwdhŒî, ghlüš vd¥ gyJiwfËš vGâdh®. rªâãǤJ¡ bfh¢ir Ú¡» ïy¡»a eilÆš vGjî« ngrî«brŒjh®. ïtuJ caÇa eil neh¡» mnjnghšübyh‹W vGJkhW á.it.jhnkhjudh® T¿ajhš‘kâthz‹’ v‹D« òâd« vGâdh®. ïtuJ eilÆ‹ca®î« br¿î« neh¡» kJiu kht£l¥ gŸË¤ jÄœMáÇa® #h‹ghy»U£oz ehíL ‘gfyth, Ú vGâabjšyh« ïUshÆU¡»wnj!’ v‹W ghuh£odhuh«.òâd MáÇauh»a ïuhr« mŒa®, “trdbkGJnth®ãu«káÖ NÇaehuhazrh¤âÇahÇ‹ tÊ¢br‹WtrdbkGjhkš ïUªjhš gadilayh«’ v‹W FiwT¿dh®.
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15Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jŤjÄœgÇâkh‰ fiyP® v‹W j« bgaiu kh‰¿¡
bfh©ljhš NÇaehuhaz®jh‹ jŤjÄœ K‹ndhov‹W TWt®. NÇaehuhaz rh¤âÇ v‹w j«bgaiu¤jÄHh¡»¥ òid bgauhf¥ ga‹gL¤âíŸsh®. gâdh‹fo¢ brŒíŸ (rhbd£) tifÆš áy òâa fU¤Jfis btËÆl ‘gÇâkh‰fiyP‹, f%®’ v‹w òidbgaÇš 41 khj§fŸ PhdnghâÅ ïjÊš vGâíŸsh®.
f%® v‹gJ br‹idÆš mt® thœªj ȧ»¢br£o¤ bjU¥ gFâia¡ fU¥g® ef® (ãsh¡f® lî‹)v‹W M§»nya® T¿aj‹ bkhÊbga®¥ò. tlbrhšfy¥ò mâf« ïšyhkš ïy¡»a eilÆš vGJgtU«ngRgtU« NÇaehuhaz® Mth®. M§»nya muirí«M§»y¤ijí« MjǤjt®. M§»y¢ brh‰fis¤ jÄÊšâir¢ brh‰fshf V‰fyh« v‹gh®.
MÆD« tlbkhÊÆ‹ ïy¡fz¡ Fiwgh£ilí«jÄÊ‹ nk‹ikiaí« T¿ tlbkhÊÆ‹ tšyh©ikia v⮤J¢ br«bkhÊ jÄnH v‹wt®.
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16 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
NÇa ehuhaz rh¤âÇah®
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17Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
NÇa ehuhaz rh¤âÇah®(gÇâkh‰ fiyP®)
ïa‰bga® : NÇaehuhaz‹
áw¥ò¥bga® : NÇaehuhaz rh¤âÇ, NÇaehuhazáth, âuhÉl rh¤âÇ, gÇâkh‰fiyP‹ (òidbga®)
bg‰nwh® : ïy£RÄ m«khŸ,nfhɪjuhR rh¤âÇ
ãwªjehŸ : 06-07-1870
kiwî ehŸ : 02-11-1903
fšÉ : jªijÆl« tlbkhÊ; gRkiy ca®Ãiy¥gŸË, kJiu kht£l ca®Ãiy¥gŸË; ï.rghgâ KjÈahÇl« jÄœ ïy¡»a¡ fšÉ (1885Kjš); kJiu¡ fšÿÇ K‹Åiy(v~¥.V) 1890; br‹id »¿¤Jt¡fšÿÇ: ïs§fiy (ã.V.) 1893.
kidÉ : Rgy£RÄ
g : br‹id¡ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ:cjɤ jÄHháÇa® (1893-1895)jiyik¤ jÄHháÇa® (1895-1903)
ïjœ ïizMáÇa® : PhdnghâÅ (khj ïjœ)
(1990 V¥uš - 1903)
gil¥òfŸehlf§fŸ : %ghtâ mšyJ fhzhk‰ nghd kfŸ
(1895), fyhtâ (1898)
brŒíŸ ehlf« : khdÉ#a« (1902)
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18 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ehlf ïy¡fz« : ehlfÉaš (1897)
òâd« (ehtš) : kâthz‹ (1902)
brŒíŸ : kÂa átdh® fÈ bt©gh, mtatm¿¡if (1894), áÖ kÂa átdh®rǤâu« (1896), á¤âufÉ És¡f«(1899), ghty® ÉUªJ (1901)
f£LiufŸ : jÄœ Éahr§fŸ, jÄœ bkhÊÆ‹tuyhW (1903), jÄœ¥òyt® rǤâu«(1933), (PhdnghâÅ ïjÊš btËtªj f£LiufŸ).
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19Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
27. kh¡f¤jÄœ
cl‰TW üš go¤jt®, bgh¿ahs®, bgh¿Æa‰fšÿÇÆš nguháÇa®. nk£^® miz¡F tiugl«tiuªjt®; mj‰F mo¡fš eh£oat®. XÉa®; ÃH‰gl¤bjhÊš E£g¡fiyP®. fÉP®. fiy¢brhš M¡Fe®;cyf m¿ÉaY¡nf cjÉat®. cyfbkšyh« cyh tªjhY« M§»y¤âš òyik bg‰¿UªjhY« jhŒ¤ jÄÊ‹bgUikia mt® kw¡fÉšiy. mtUila m¿Éašgo¥ò jÄœ¥ bgUikia nkY« mt®¡F¥ òy¥gL¤âaJ. mij mt® cyF¡nf Tw¤ bjhl§»dh®.rk‰»Ujnk br«bkhÊ jÄœ áw¥ãšyhj bkhÊ v‹WMÇa¢ rh®ãd® T¡FuÈ£l bghGJ jÄnH br«bkhÊ,bjhš bkhÊ; rk‰»Uj« FiwghLŸs vG¤J Kiwiaí« xÈ¥ò Kiwiaí«bfh©l bkhÊ, jÄÊ‹ vG¤JKiwiaí« xÈ¥ò Kiwiaí« V‰W¤ j‹id ca®¤â¡bfh©l bkhÊ; jÄÊ‹ vG¤J Kiwí« xÈ¥ò Kiwí«cyf bkhÊfS¡nf K‹ndhoí« jiyikí« áw¥ò«EQ¡fK« thŒªjit v‹W ÃWÉdh®. mt®jh‹gh.nt.kh¡feha¡f® Mth®.
m¿Éaš jÄœbr‹id khÃy¥ bgh¿Æa‰ fšÿÇÆš go¤J¥
gâ‹_‹W gÇRfS« xU j§f¥gj¡fK« bg‰W bt‰¿bg‰w kh¡f® M§»nya M£áÆš muR¥ bgh¿ahsuhf¥ gÂah‰¿ nk£^® miz¡F tiugl« tiuªJjªjJl‹ mo¡fš eh£odh®. ïªâa muR rh®ãš ÃH‰gl¡ fiyPuhf¤ âšÈ br‹W Iªjh« #h®{ k‹dÇ‹Ko N£LÉHhÉš 12-12-1912-ïš gl« vL¤jh®. e§ftu«g©izah® ïuhr« Ia® th§»¡ bfhL¤j ‘nfhl¡’ÃH‰gl¡fUÉíl‹ âU¢áuh¥gŸËÆÈUªJ âšÈ¡FcªJUËÆš (nkh£l® ir¡»Ëš) ehk¡fš fÉPUl‹br‹wh®. nk‰go¥ò¥ gÆy 炙yhªJ br‹w nghJ Äfmâf neu« bryÉ£L Äf Ú©l fz¡F¥ nghL« Ãiy
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20 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
m¿ªJ, RU¡f¡ fz¡Ñ£L Kiw (fhšFnyh »uh~¥)f©Lão¤J cyf m¿ÉaY¡nf cjÉdh®.
Úâ¡f£á (#ÞoÞ) ïjÊš 23-04-1926-ïš jÄœ¡fiy¢ brhšyh¡f« g‰¿ ÉÇthd f£Liu vGâdh®.bjhl®t©o, bjhiyngá KjÈa brhšyh¡f§fŸkh¡f® cUth¡»ait. fiy¢ brhšyh¡f¤â‰F¥bga®¢ brh‰fisÉl Éid¢ brh‰fns ga‹gL«v‹gJ«, fiy¢brhšyh¡f« brŒí«nghJ ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fis¡ fy¡f¡TlhJ v‹gJ« kh¡f®bfhŸiffŸ.
mt® cUth¡»a m¿Éaš jÄœ¡ fiy¢ brhšyh¡f§fŸ eh‹F ò¤jf§fshf¡ f£L brŒa¥bg‰Wkiwkiy mofŸ üyf¤âš cŸsd. mt® fiy¢brhšyh¡f« brŒJ vGgJ M©LfS¡F¥ ã‹dhš1997-98ïš bgh¿Æaš g£l¥go¥ò jÄÊš bfh©LtuKa‹wnghJ, âšÈ mid¤âªâa¤ bjhÊš E£g¡FG(VIáoï)Éš ïUªj jÄH® áynu, jÄÊš m¿Éašfiy¢ brh‰fŸ ïšiy, gynfho xJ¡»¤ jªjhš ï‹D« gy M©LfŸ fʤJ¢ brŒayh« v‹W T¿¤jL¤JÉ£ld®.
jÄœ m¿Éaškh¡f® cyf bkhÊfËilna jÄÊ‹ vG¤J
Kiwí«, xÈKiwí« ca®ªj br¥gK« E£gK«bfh©l m¿Éaš j‹ik rh®ªjit v‹W br‹idÆšbtÞÈ fšÿÇÆš 23-02-1917-ïš ÃWÉdh®. jÄHÇ‹rka¡ nfh£gh£L mo¥gilÆš jÄœ vG¤JfË‹nk‹ikia cz®¤âdh®. xfu« v‹gJ mfu« MƉWv‹wh®. vL¤jš, gL¤jš, eÈjš M»ait gil¥ò,fh¤jš, mʤjš v‹w K¤bjhÊnyhL x¤jd v‹wh®.ït‰¿š áy® fU¤J ntWglyh«. cyf bkhÊfŸmid¤ijí« xÈ¡fî« vGjî« j£l¢R m¢R brŒaî«jÄœ vG¤JfŸ Äfî« bghU¤jkhdit v‹wh®. jÄœvG¤J KiwÆ‹ cyf¥ bghJik g‰¿ kh¡fdh®cyf« KGJ« gu¥ãl¢ br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHfK«jÄHf muR« Mtd brŒa nt©L« v‹W g¢ira¥g‹fšÿǤ jÄœ¢ r§f« cŸË£l jÄœ mik¥òfS«fh.R .ãŸis, âUkz« brštnfrtuha® KjÈa
![Page 21: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jÄH¿P®fS«, Ô®khd§fS« klšfS« mD¥ãd®. jÄHf muR kh¡fiu miH¤J 17-12-1922-ïšr£lk‹w nkyit cW¥ãd®fS¡F¤ jÄœ vG¤JfË‹EQ¡f« g‰¿¢ brh‰bgU¡fh‰w¢ brŒjJ.
br«bkhʤ jÄœbr«bkhʤ jÄÊ‹ áw¥òfŸ g‰¿¢ brªjÄœ¢
bršÉ ïjÊš 48 f£LiufŸ vGâíŸsh® kh¡f®.âU¢áuh¥gŸËÆš 1919-ïš elªj jÄHf¥ òyt®kheh£oš kh¡f® jiyik¢ brh‰bghÊî brŒjh®.m¥nghJ,
“jÄœ bjhšbgUª jÅbkhÊ. ï›îy»nynaj‹Åfu‰W¤ jŤâa§F« g©ila bkhÊ. ‘Ah, ëv‹W _¢ir¥ g¿¡fhkš _¢R¢ br£Ll‹ ïa§FtJjÄœ bkhÊ x‹nw. tÈa vG¤bjhÈfshš _¢R åzh»wJ. ãw brh‰fy¥ghš jÄÊ‹ öŒik bfL»wJ. jÄœãw bkhÊfS¡F ïl« bfhL¤jhš mJ j‹ ïašigïHªJ kiyahs«, f‹dl«, bjY§F ngh‹w òâabkhÊah»ÉL«”
v‹W KH§»dh®. rk‰»Ujnk br«bkhÊ, jÄœbkhÊtsu nt©Lkhdhš ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fis Äf mâfmsî¡F¡ fy¡fyh« v‹W T¿at®fŸ thail¤jd®.ca®jÅ¢ br«bkhÊah« jÄÊš, ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fis¡fy¡f¤ njitÆšiy.
jŤjÄœthœÉaš eilKiwfËY« kh¡f® ešy (jŤ)
jÄiH¥ ga‹gL¤âdh®. ïurFšyhit¥ ghYU©il,ïy£il ïÅ¥ò cU©il, ghar¤ij ïÅ¥ò¡fŠáv‹W TWth® v‹W R¤jhdªj ghuâah® vGâíŸsh®.‘mŠPhd¤â‹ tH¡ÑL’ v‹w üš fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤âš m¢rh»¡ bfh©oUªjJ. kh¡f® m›t¥nghJ vG⥠ghfšg£oÆÈUªJ fuªij¡F mD¥ãtªjh®. m¥nghJ X® Kiw mD¥òtâš V‰g£l ïilôW g‰¿ ešy jÄÊš vGâíŸsh® kh¡f®üš K‹DiuÆš :
“mŠrš t©o¡ Fâiu¡F CW ne®ªJ tunt©oa neu¤âš tuÉšiy. thlif¡F el¡F«
![Page 22: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jhÅa§» t©o (Motor Bus)Æš MŸtr§bfhL¤jD¥gî« ïayhJ. jÄa§»Æ‹ (Engine) bgh¿ bf£LtuhJ ËWÉ£lJ. VLfŸ vGâ KoªJ« mD¥gïayhjj‰F ah‹ tUªâaJ cz®ªj bghJ ntiy¡f©fh (Public works Department Overseer) xUt® j‹<UUË (Bicycle) t©o ÛJ nry« br‹W xU fhtyhŸ(Peon) ifƉbfhL¤J ïU¥ò t©oÆš (Railway Train)
fuªij¡F mD¥òtjhf x¥ã VLfis th§»¢br‹wh®.”
- v‹W ešy fiy¢ brhšyh¡f§fis¥ ga‹gL¤â¤jŤjÄÊš kh¡f® vGâíŸsh®.
âU¢áuh¥gŸË M©lh® bjUÉš khkdh® å£ošïUªjh® kh¡f®. jÄH¿P®fŸ áy® kh¡fiu¡f©L ngr ÉU«ãd®. fhz neu« xJ¡»¤ jUkhWe.K.nt.eh£lh® _y« fÉij¤ öJ mD¥ãd®. clndÉilahf, “c‰¿L foif crhtny‹? MWg¤Jnkmtunja‹nwh!” (MWg¤J=mWgJ-ehÊifí« jÄœm‹g®fS¡F cÇaJ) v‹W fÉij mD¥ãdh®. xUehË‹ 24 k neuK« jÄG¡nf cÇaJ v‹gJ mtuJcŸs«. rk‰»Uj« v‹whš brŒa¥g£l bkhÊ v‹WbghUŸ. m«bkhÊna kªâu xÈ¢áw¥ò Ä¡fJ v‹WTW« r§fuh¢rhÇah® K‹ÅiyÆš jÄœ xÈ¢áw¥ò g‰¿kh¡f® ngád®. mij¥ ghuh£o¤ jÄœ kh¡fU¡F¢rk‰»Uj r§fuh¢rhÇah® vGâa fy¥ò eil:
“nyhf¤âš tH§f¥gL« gy ghiõfËšv›Éj c¢rÇ¥ò« njh‹W«go vGj vªj¥ ghiõÆ‹ Èã mDTykhdbj‹D« Ék®rd¤âš Ú® j¡fgÇÞuk« vL¤J¡ bfh©L jÄœ bkhÊna mj‰FmDTykhd bj‹W Ô®khŤJ mj‹ cgnahf KiwTod« Kjyhd Étu§fis ï›Él« neÇš bjÇɤjâ‹ nkš m¤aªj« rªnjhõ« mil»‹nwh«.”
fh¥ò¤ jÄœK. ïuhfita§fh® vGâa ‘bjhšfh¥ãa¥ bghUŸ
MuhŒ¢á’ ïy§if el¤âa ngh£oÆš Kj‰gÇRbg‰wJ. bjhšfh¥ãa« TW« jÄH® mf¤âiziaâUkz thœî Kiwia K. ïuhft® tlt® KiwnahL x¥ã£oUªjh®. nkY« rka«, ntj«, òuhz«,
![Page 23: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
rk‰»Uj nkyh©ik M»at‰¿‹ nkš bfh©l g‰whšgh®¥gd¤ jÄH¿P®fŸ brŒJ tªj jt‰iw mtU«brŒâUªjh®.
K.ïuhftÇ‹ üÈš Ia§fŸ bjÇɤJ 31 klšfŸvGâdh® kh¡f®. K.ïuhft® ÉilfS« kh¡fÇ‹vâ®Édh¡fS« “jÄHyif¤ bjhl®; Kj‰Rto” vdüyhftªjJ. ‘fh¥ãa¡Fo v‹gJ fÉah»a R¡»udJtÄr«’ v‹W«, f‰ò Kiw v‹gJ NÇa tUz¤jh®_ t® ¡F « ï Uo fs hš V‰ gL ¤j ¥g £ lJ v ‹W«K.ïuhft® vGâa fU¤JfŸ jtW vd v⮤jh®kh¡f®.
f«g® ïuhkid¡ Fiw brŒjh® v‹W« thšÛ»Æ‹ïuhkhaznk ca®ªjJ v‹W« tlbkhÊ tšyh©ikngR« xUt® ‘bg©fšÉ’ ïjÊš vGâdh®. Úâ¡f£áia¢ nr®ªjtuhf ïUªjhY« f«g® bgUikiaÃiyeh£o, mªüY¡F kW¥ghf¥ gšytòu¤âš(gšyhtu¤âš) kiwkiy mofŸ jiyikÆš ‘f«g‹òSF« thšÛ» thŒikí«’ v‹W brh‰bgU¡fh‰¿dh®.mJ üyh»aJ.
Xah¥gÂMwo cau«, átªj Ãw«, KW¡»a Ûir, T®ikahd
jiy¥ghif, fG¤J tiu _oa F¥gha« (nfh£L),FHhahil (ng©£) vd¤ njh‰w« bfh©l kh¡f®bj‹dh£L nkilfËš jÄÊ‹ bgUikia¥ g‰¿¤jÄœ, bjY§F, M§»y« vd K«bkhÊfËY« brh‰bgU¡fh‰¿ tªjh®. XŒî bg‰wã‹ KªÚ®¥gŸs¤âšïUªj fhy§fËš jÄœ m¿P®fis miH¤J ÉUªjˤjh®; FHªijfis miH¤J¤ âU¡FwŸ brhšy¢brhšÈ¡ fÅí« fhR« gÇrˤJ tªjh®. jªijah® #Û‹nt§flrhÄ eha¡f® ïwªjã‹ átòu« tsehL (#Û‹)kh¡fÇ‹ bghW¥ãš ïUªjJ. FUâaG¤j« V‰g£lnghJ Úykiy (Úy»Ç) F‹ù® (F‹}®) kiy¥gFâÆšXŒî bfh©lh®. kÆyh®¥óÇš (kÆyh¥óÇš) ït®fšyiw nkš fÉij :
“k©Âš kiwªjhY« kh¡f« j‹bdhË F‹whJfh‰¿š fyªjhY« fÉ‹ky® j‹kz« khwhJ.”
![Page 24: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gh.nt. kh¡f eha¡f®
![Page 25: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gh.nt.kh¡f eha¡f®
ïa‰bga® : kh¡f«
áw¥ò¥bga® : ghfšg£o nt.kh¡f eha¡f®
bg‰nwh® : K¤j«ikah®, #Û‹ nt§flrhÄeha¡f®
ãwªjehŸ : 25-02-1871
kiwî ehŸ : 25-12-1931
ãwªj C® : nry« mU»š cŸs ghfšg£o
fšÉ : å£LŸ go¥ò : 12 mfit tiu.nry« gŸË, nry« fšÿÇ:K‹Åiy (v~¥.V); br‹idkhÃy¥ bgh¿Æa‰ fšÿÇ: ïs«bgh¿Æaš (ã.ï.) 1912; 炙yhªJg£la¥go¥ò: br¿ñ£l¥g£lf‰fhiu (Reinforced Concrete)
g : muR¥ bgh¿ahs® (1896-1915)br‹id bgh¿Æa‰ fšÿÇ :nguháÇa® (1915-1919), muR¡f©fhÂ¥ò¥ bgh¿ahs®(1919-1928)
gil¥òfŸ : jÄœ vG¤JfË‹ E©ik És¡f«(1917), brªjÄœ xÈÆy¡fz«(1922), bkŒŠPhd¤â‹ bfhYÉU¡ifÆš mŠPhd¤â‹ tH¡ÑL(25-05-1919, fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤âš go¡f¥ bg‰wJ. btËpL- 1924), f«g‹ òSF« thšÛ»thŒikí«, The Tamil Alphabet and its Mystic
Aspect (1917), br‹idÆš ekJÄUf¡fh£á rhiy (1922)
![Page 26: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
28. fhªâ¡F M£L¥ ghY« âUlD¡F¤jÄœ¥ bg£oí«!
òËakuK«, nt¥gkuK«, nj¡F, gyh, kh ku§fS«ml®ªj fh£LtÊ¥ ghij. ÑH¥ gGñÇÈUªJ Vyh¡F¿¢á, âUkh}® neh¡» elªJ bfh©nl ïUªjh‹mªj ïisP‹. tU« tÊÆš fU«ò Miy ngh£oUªjt®fŸ btšy¤J¡F¥ ghF fhŒ¢á¡ bfh©oUªjh®fŸ.Ftis Ftisahf¡ fU¥gŠrhW jªjh®fŸ.
jªij átáj«gu« ãŸis ïu¤âd tÂf®. jªijïwªjjhš m©z‹ ntyhíj«jh‹ cilah® ghisa« tseh£o (#ÛÅ)Y« mÇÆÿ® tseh£o(#ÛÅ)Y«ntiy gh®¤J¥ go¡f it¤jh®. F«gnfhz« khÃy(khfhz)¡ fšÿÇÆš K‹Åiy tF¥òtiujh‹ go¡fKoªjJ. âU¢áuh¥gŸË kht£l M£áa® mYtyf¤âš vG¤j® ntiy mtD¡F¡ »il¤jJ.
brhªj C® ÑH¥gGñU¡F tªâUªj nghJ V‰g£lfytu¤jhš åLkid njh¥ò Juî všyht‰iwí«É£LÉ£L Ciu É£nl mt‹ Xodh‹. bfhŸËl¤âšgÇrÈš V¿ m¡fiuÆš ïUªj Ésh§Fo¡F tªjh‹.tU« tÊ všyh« gy® jÆ® bfhL¤jh®fŸ. ÉLålhf¡bfh©LnghŒ¤ jÆU«, nkhU«, bt©bzí« beŒí«É‰gt®fŸ, tÊ¥ngh¡f®fS¡F k£L« ïytakhŒ¤jU« mw¢áªjid v¥go tªjJ? m¥g® jÄœ ghoaâUitah‰W¡ nfhÆÈš rk‰»Uj« brhšÈ¡ bfh©o U ª j h ® f Ÿ . j Š r h ñ Ç š Ñ H å â Æ š x U å £ L ¤â©izÆš c£fh®ªjh‹ ÓÅthr‹. “cŸns th¥gh!rh¥ãL»whah?” miH¤jh® å£L¥ bgÇat®. mt‹fijia¡ nf£lJ« j‹ å£oš ntiy¡F¢ nru¢brh‹dh®. v‹d ntiy? ‘g§fh’ (Éá¿) ïG¡»w ntiy.bfhŠr ehshƉW. ‘t¡Ñš Iah! Ú§fŸ f¢nrÇ¡F¥(nfh®£L¡F¥) nghdã‹ eh‹ ntiyÆšyhkšjhndïU¡»nw‹. ïªj kuÃiy¥ bg£o (mykhÇ)fËšï›tsî ò¤jf§fŸ ïU¡»‹wd. eh‹ go¡f£Lkh?”
![Page 27: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
“bgÇa vG¤J fh¤jtuha‹ fij v‹WÃid¤jhah? všyh« M§»y«. mJî« bghovG¤J”
“Ú§fŸ go¡f¢ brh‹dhš go¡»nw‹.”
“c«, všyh« r£l¥ò¤jf«. Koªjhš go.”
áy khj§fŸ cU©ld. gy ò¤jf§fis¥ go¤JKo¤J É£lh‹. ï‹D« áy kuÃiy¥ bg£o (mykhÇ)fËš cŸs ò¤jf§fis¤jh‹ go¡f nt©L«. bgÇat®tH¡F x‹¿‹ r£l EQ¡f« g‰¿¤ j‹ Ñœ ntiygh®¡F« ïs« tH¡FiuP®fËl« T¿¡ bfh©oUªjh®.mt®fŸ nghdã‹, bgÇatÇl« r£l¥ ò¤jf§fisvL¤J¡ fh£o¢ rÇahd r£lÉâfis¡ T¿dh‹ÓÅthr‹.
“c«, Äfî« rÇahf¢ brh‹dhŒ. m¿thËahfïU¡»whna! Ú tH¡fhl¥ go¡f ÉU«ãdhš nknygo¡f it¡»nw‹”
bgÇat® ÓÅthrid¢ r£l« go¡f it¤jh®.r£l¤âš g£l« bg‰w ã‹ “Ú v‹Dl‹ ïUªjhšT¢r¤jhš rÇahf¥ ngrkh£lhŒ. ehf¥g£od¤âšbjhÊš brŒ” v‹W mD¥ãdh®.
ÓÅthr‹ ehf¥g£od¤âÈUªJ xUKiw tH¡fhl¤ jŠrhñ® tªjh‹. tH¡F k‹w¤âšjh‹ bjǪjJ,vâÇÆ‹ tH¡f¿P® mtid¥ go¡f it¤j bgÇat®v‹W! tH¡»š ÓÅthr‹ bt‹wh‹. bgÇat® ïÅtH¡fhLtâšiy v‹W KobtL¤jh®. ÓÅthrid¤jŠrhñÇnyna tH¡fhl¢ brhšÈÉ£lh®.
jŠrhñÇš ÓÅthr‹ ãŸis òfœ bg‰w tH¡FiuP® Mdh®. Vw¤jhH Iªnj K¡fhyo cau« ïU¥gh®.ešy brªÃw«; âlkhd njh‰w«; be‰¿ Ãiwa âUÚW;Ú©l F¥gha« (nfh£L); I§f£L (gŠrhru) nt£o;bt©ikahd jiy¥ghif mªâU¥gh® v‹WnguháÇa® K.mUzhry« TWth®. tH¡FiuP®bjhÊÈš ešy tUthŒ. mªj¡ fhy¤ânyna IªjhWïy£r« brh¤J« khj¢ bryî 5000 %ghí«! Äf¥bgÇatH¡FiuP®fS« bršt®fS« bghJk¡fS« mtiukâ¤jd®.
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28 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jŠrhñ®¤ bjhl®t©o Ãiya¤â‰F¥ g¡f¤âšmtUila Äf¥ bgÇa khËif. å£oš kh«gH miwkšÈif miw v‹W jŤjÅ miwfËš gH§fS«ó¡fS« bfh£o¡»l¡F«. ïu©L rikaš M£fŸ.IªjhW MÞânuÈa¡ FâiufŸ. Fâiu¡F bt§fha«fyªj mÇá¢nrh‰Wzî; bjh¥ã, Fâiu¤j¿ (ïyha«);ntiyah£fŸ; ikN® k‹dÇl« th§»a ïu©L Fâiuó£oa ‘Õ£l‹’ t©oÆ‹ mHif¥ gh®¤J jŠirkht£l M£áa® (M§»nya®) Éa¥ghuh«. MSeU¡Fk£Lnk eh‹F Fâiu ó£l¡Toa t©o v‹gjhš,x¥òjš (mDkâ) bg‰W eh‹F Fâiu ïG¡F« t©o(rhu£L)í« it¤âUªjh®.
mt® å£L¡F¤ bj‰nf òJ M‰w§fiuÆš Äf¥bgÇa óªnjh£l« ïUªjJ. ó¡fhu¤bjUÉš j‹Ãy¤âš KUf‹ nfhÆiy¡ f£odh®. g¡f¤âš ó¢rªijmik¤J¥ bghJk¡fS¡F tH§»dh®. m‹Åbgr©Lm«ikah® jŠir tUtjhf ïUªj 18 ehËš ‘bgr©Lïšy«’ (yh£{) v‹W f£ll« f£o, mtiu¡ bfh©nlâw¥ò ÉHh el¤âdh®. mt® å£oš fhªâaofŸ,m‹Åbgr©L, Í.V.enlr‹, âU.É.f., É.vR.ÓÅthrrh¤âÇ KjÈnah® jŠir tªjnghJ j§»íŸsd®.fhªâaofŸ Fo¥gj‰F M£L¥ ghš nt©L« v‹gj‰fhf¢ ÓÅthr‹ ãŸis ïu©L MLfŸ th§»dh®.
tŸsyh® f©l bghJ be¿ia¥ (rkur r‹kh®¡f«)ngh‹w ‘ãu«kPhdrig’ be¿Æš rhâ, kj«, óir, rl§FKjÈat‰iw Ú¡»a thœ¡if Kiwia¥ ã‹g‰¿dh®.ÓÅthr‹ ãŸis å£oš mid¤J kj¤âdiuí«rhâÆdiuí« rªâ¤j fhªâaofŸ k‹dh®Fo br‹wh®.k‹dh®Fo kl¤â‹ jiyt® (éa®) fhªâaofŸgh®¥gd® ïšiy, tÂf® (itáa®) v‹gjhš, kh£L¤bjhGt¤âš c£fhuit¤J¤, bjhiyÉÈUªJ ngá,Ô©lhik xÊ¥ò, FHªij¤ âUkz xÊ¥ò, if«bg©kz« M»at‰iw¡ fhªâaofŸ MjÇ¥gij¡fLikahf v⮤J ïÊthf¥ ngá¤â£o mD¥ãdh®.fhªâ m©znyh tz§» Éilbg‰wh®.
jŠrhñ® ef®mit¤ jiytuhf _‹W KiwÉs§»at® ÓÅthr‹ãŸis. T£Lwî t§» cUth¡»m¤JiwÆ‹ ca® mâfhÇ r®.ãulÇ¡ áfšrid¡
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29Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
bfh©L âwªjh®. nkY« ïU t§»fŸ (jŠrhñ®g®kd©£ g©L, k®¢r©£R gh§F) bjhl§»dh®.ãu«k Phd rig (âahrãfš brhir£o) jŠirÆ‹»isia 1883-ïš mik¤jh®. ïjHhs® r§f« bjhl§f¢brŒjh®.
jŠir kht£l üyf¡ FG, fšÉ¡ FG M»at‰¿šcW¥ãduhf ïUªJ bjh©L òǪjh®. jŠir ruRtâkfhš üyf« 1918-ïš br‹id¡F kh‰w¥gl ïUªjij¤jL¤J¤ jŠirÆnyna ïU¡f¢ brŒjh®. jŠrhñ®t£lhu¤â‹ Äf¥bgÇa Ãy¡»Hh®fS« bršt®fS«tH¡fhl¢ ÓÅthr‹ ãŸisia¤ njo tªjd®. jŠirkuh£oa mur FL«g¤ij¢ nr®ªj ïukh¤j« ghŒtH¡if bt‰¿ bgw¢ brŒjh®. Mdhš mªj¥ bg©kÂÆ‹ fil¡f© gh®itÆš njh‰wh®. bgÇat®j«ik¥ go¡f it¤J tH¡FiuPuhf cUth¡»aJnghy¢ r«gªj‹ v‹w rikayhŸ go¥ãš M®t«cilatuhf ïU¥gij¡ f©L mtiu¤ jÄÊy¡»a¥g£l« (ɤJth‹) bgw¢ brŒJ jÄHháÇa® M¡»dh®.j«Äl« njh‰wjhš mªj¥ bgÇat® tH¡F¤ bjhÊiy¤JwªjJnghš, jh« òJ¡nfh£il ïs« tH¡FiuPÇl«njh‰wJ«, m‹nw bjhÊiy É£lh®.
r£l¥ò¤jf§fis k£Lkšyhkš jÄÊy¡»a§fisí«, fšbt£L, br¥ngL, Xiy¢Rto KjÈadî«go¤jt® ÓÅthr‹ ãŸis. e‹}Y« gÇnkyHf®ciuíl‹ âU¡FwS« mtU¡F kd¥ghl«. ehty®nrhkRªju ghuâah®, âU.É.f., c.nt.rh., rutzgthdªj«ãŸis, K.ïuhft mŒa§fh® KjÈnah® mtuJjÄGyf e©g®fŸ. F«gnfhz« fšÿÇÆš jk¡F¤jÄÊ‹ Ritia m¿a¢ brŒj jÄœ¥ nguháÇa®âahfuhr¢ br£oahiu¤ bjŒtkhf kâ¤jh®. mt®bgaiu¡ Tl¢ brhšy kh£lh®. ‘Iah’ v‹Wjh‹TWth®. jh« vGâa ‘jÄœ tuyhW’ v‹w üiy¤ j«MáÇaU¡F¡ fh¡if M¡»dh®.
jÄœ ïy¡fz ïy¡»a§fËš òyikbfh©lÓÅthr‹ ãŸis, ‘jÄœ tuyhW’ vGj ü‰F¿¥òfis¤âu£o¥ bg£ofËš ngh£L it¤âUªjh®. bršt¢brÊ¥ò Ä¡f mt® å£oš âUl tªj âUl‹ fd« Ãiwªjïu©L bg£ofis¤ ö¡»¢ br‹W É£lh‹. ïu©L
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30 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
bg£o Ãiwa j§f eiffŸ âU£L¥ nghÆUªjhY«ïH¥ãšiy; m›tsî bršt« mtÇl« ïUªjJ.bjhF¤j jÄœ¡F¿¥òfŸ v‹w bršt« âU£L¥ nghdjhš jÄÊy¡»a tuyh‰¿‹ Ûâ ïu©L gFâfis mt®btËÆlÉšiy.
NÇa ehuhaz rh¤âÇah® (gÇâkh‰ fiyP®)jÄœbkhÊ tuyh‰iwí« (1903), K.á.óuzȧf® M§»y¤âš jÄœ ïy¡»a tuyh‰iwí« (1904), vGâÆUªjh®fŸ.1922-ïš jŠir ÓÅthr‹ ãŸis ‘jÄœ tuyhW’ v‹wüiy ïu©L ghf§fshf btËÆ£lh®. ‘jÄœ tuyhW- K‰ghf«’ jÄœbkhÊ g‰¿í«, ‘jÄœ tuyhW - ã‰ghf«K‰gFâ’ r§f fhy« Kjš rka vG¢á¡fhy« tiu cŸsjÄœ ïy¡»a tuyh‰iwí« jU»‹wd. tH¡FiuP®v‹gjhš thâL« KiwÆyhd eilÆY« fšbt£L,br¥ngL KjÈa Mjhu§fSlD« vGâíŸsh®. jÄÊy¡»a tuyh‰W üšfËš Kj‹ikahd üyhfî«jÄÊš btËtªj Kjš üyhfî« ‘jÄœ tuyhW’ És§F»‹wJ.
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31Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jŠir ÓÅthrãŸis
![Page 32: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jŠir ÓÅthrãŸis
ïa‰bga® : ÓÅthr‹
áw¥ò¥bga®fŸ : jŠir nf.vÞ.ÓÅthrãŸis, ïuh›rh»ò, ïuh› gfö®
jªij : átáj«gu« ãŸis
ãw¥ò : 1846
kiwî : 1928
C® : mÇÆÿ® mU»š ÑH¥ gGñ®
fšÉ : ÑH¥gGñ® : gŸË¡fšÉ;F«gnfhz«: (khÃy¡) khfhz¡fšÿÇ: K‹Åiy (v~¥. V),r£l¡fšÉ (ãçl®)
g : âU¢áuh¥gŸË: kht£l M£áa®mYtyf vG¤j®,ehif¥g£od«: tH¡FiuP®,jŠrhñ®: tH¡FiuP®,jŠir efuit¤ jiyt®.
gil¥òfŸ : jÄœ tuyhW - K‰ghf«
jÄœ tuyhW - ã‰ghf«: K‰gFâ
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33Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
29. »¿¤Jt¡ f«g®!
âUbešntÈ¡F mU»š fiu ïU¥ò v‹w mHfhdá‰ù®. bjU¡fË‹ ïUg¡fK« X£L åLfŸ tÇirahf¢Óuhf neuhf ïUªjd. všyh åLfË‹ X£L KfK« K‹ïw§F« ïwthzK« üš ão¤jh‰nghy xnu cau¤âY« neuhfî« ïUªjd. všyh å£L¤ â©izfS« xnucau«. â©iz¢ Rt®fËš btŸisí« fhÉí« g£ilg£ilahŒ; thÆÈš nfhy«. FHªijia¤ öËÆšM£o¤ ö§f¥g©Â¡ bfh©oUªjhŸ jhŒ. å£o‹cŸns öËia M£o¡ bfh©nl jhyh£lhf mtŸghoa “kh¡f§f£o...” v‹w Mœth® ghlš bjUÉšelªJ bršnth® fhâš jÄœ¤ njdhŒ¥ ghŒªjJ.
â©izÆš muR mâfhÇfŸ áyU« xU Ãy¡»HhU« c£fh®ªâUªjd®. bjhGt¤âš ïUªj gR¡fS¡F mf¤â¡Ñiuia¡ bfhL¤J É£L¢ r§fuehuhaz¥ ãŸis óir miw¡FŸ EiHªjh®. kf‹»U£oz‹ ïuhkhaz Xiy¢ RtoÆÈUªJ ghlšfis¥ go¤jh‹; jªij És¡f« T¿dh®. xU kÂneu¤â‰F« nkyhf¡ f«g®, Mœth® ghlšfS« És¡fKkhf¤ jÄÊšjh‹ tÊghL. jd¡F« k‰wt®fS¡F«òÇahj rk‰»Uj¤âš f¤Jtnj óir v‹gJ ï‹WáyÇ‹ ïÊghL. óirÆ‹nghJ go¤J¥ go¤J¡»U£ozD¡F¡ f«guhkhaz« KGJ« kd¥ghl«.ãytz nrháaÇl« rk‰»UjK« go¤J tªjh‹.
jÄœ¡fšÉeh£lh®g£o gŸËÆš »U£oz‹ go¤jh‹.
mªj¡ fhy¤âš gŸË¡ Tl§fËš jÄœ ïy¡»a§fS«jÄœ v©fS«jh‹ f‰ã¤jh®fŸ. M§»y« »ilahJ.br‹id, âU¢á, bešiy, kJiu ngh‹w bgÇa efu§fËš M§»nya®fŸ ïUªjjhš M§»yK«, muãav©fS« (1,2,3...) f‰W¤ jªjh®fŸ. gâdh‹F mfitahd
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34 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
»U£ozD¡F x‹gJ mfitahd K¤j«khis kz«brŒJ it¤jd®. gâdhW mfitÆš jªij kiwªjjhšFL«g¥ bghW¥ò »U£oz‹ jiyÆš ÉGªjJ.ghisa§nfh£ilÆš Fona¿dh®fŸ.
g¡f¤J å£oš ïUªj bt§F KjÈah® Ãiwa jÄœïy¡»a üšfŸ it¤âUªjh®. »U£ozD« j«ãK¤ijahî« mtÇl« nf£L th§»¥ go¡f¤ bjhl§»d®. nkY« âU¥gh‰flš ehj¡ fÉuha® v‹w bgU«òytÇl« Kiw¥go¤ jÄœ f‰fyhÆd®. ï¡fÉuha®å£oÈUªJjh‹ g¤J¥gh£L¢ RtofŸ jÄœ¤jh¤jhc.nt.rhÄehjU¡F¡ »il¤jd. vdnt rhÄehj® ïªüiy m¢nr‰¿L« K‹dnu r§f ïy¡»a§fŸ go¡F«thŒ¥ò »U£ozD¡F« j«ã K¤ijahî¡F« »il¤âU¡»wJ.
khztÇl« f‰wJirt, itzt ïy¡»a§fËY« F¿¥ghf¡ f«g
uhkhaz¤âY« nj®ªj »U£oz‹ Í.ô.ngh¥ cUth¡»ÆUªj rha®òu« »¿¤Jt¥ gŸËÆš 1853-ïš fhšLbtšyhš nj®î brŒa¥ bg‰W¤ jÄœ MáÇa® Mdh®.jÄœ f‰f ÉU«ãa btËeh£lhU¡F« jÄœ f‰ã¤jh®.»U£ozÇl« rha®òu« gŸËÆ‹ MáÇa® m¡RlãšjÄœ f‰wh®. »U£ozÇl« jÄœ khztuhf¡ f‰W¡bfh©l »¿¤Jt¥ gŸËÆ‹ MáÇa® m¡Rlãš,c©ikÆš »¿¤JÉ‹ bgUikfis¡ »U£ozU¡F¡f‰ã¤âUªjh®. ïjdhš »¿¤Jt kj¤âš »U£oz®<LghL bfh©lh®. ghisa§nfh£ilÆš á¡fš tuyh«v‹gjhš, br‹id br‹W kÆiy rhªnjh« »¿¤J¡nfhÆÈš 18-04-1858-ïš kj« kh¿dh®. bA‹¿ Mš~ãu£»U£oz¥ ãŸis v‹W bga® kh‰¿¡ bfh©lh®. kj«kh¿ajhš jhí« kidÉí« mtiu É£L¥ ãǪJ nghŒXuh©L fʤJ¤jh‹ tªJ nr®ªjd®.
kh¿aJ kjkh?kj«jh‹ kh¿dhnu jÉu kd« khwÉšiy. jªij
v›thW xG¡f¤ijí« óiriaí« fLikahf¥ ã‹g‰¿dhY« m‹ò« mUS« ïu¡fK« bfh©oUªjhnuh, mnjnghš »U£ozU« thœªjh®. bga®
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35Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
‘bA‹¿ Mš~ãu£’ v‹W K‹bdh£L¥ bg‰wij¥nghš mtuJ flîŸ âUkhš v‹gJ »¿¤J MƉW.jUk_®¤â, guk‹, bgUkhŸ, rUtnyhf¢ ruÂa‹,r¢ájhdªj ntªj‹, ntj«, ntjÉs¡F, És¡»‹ ÉG¤jif nrhâ, Ékynghj«, nghj« flªj bkŒ¥bghUŸv‹bwšyh« flîis mt® TW« bga®fŸ »¿¤Jî¡F«bghUªJ« ïuhkU¡F« bghUªJ«, ãw flîs®¡F«bghUªJ«.
fh¥ãa¥ g‰WM§»y ïy¡»a¥ òyt® #h‹ g‹a‹ (1628-1688)
ïa‰¿a ‘âU¥gaÂÆ‹ K‹nd‰w«’ (ãš»ß«Þ òuh»uÞ)v‹w fh¥ãa« M§»y¤âš 160-¡F« nk‰g£l gâ¥òfS«cyf bkhÊfËš 200-¡F« nk‰g£l bkhÊ bga®¥òfS«bfh©lJ. f«guhkhaz¤âš Mœªj g‰W bfh©l»U£oz®, #h‹ gÅaÅ‹ M§»y¡ fh¥ãa¤âš _œ»ïnaRbgUkhÅ‹ mUŸ j‹ikia¥ guî»wh®. mst‰wmUshs® M»a ïnaRÉ‹ fh¥ò¤ j‹ikia¡ bfh©Lmtiu ‘ïu£rÂa®’ v‹w bgauhš F¿¡»wh®. j« ghüšfis ïu£rÂa rÇj«, ïu£rÂa etÚj«,ïu£rÂa kndhfu«, ïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf« vdvGâdh®. “ïiwt‹ v‹ ïja¤ij¤ âwªjh®; eh‹mtiu¥ òfH v‹ thia¤ âwªnj‹” v‹W »U£oz®TWth®. f«gÇ‹ rªj¥ghlš ea¤ijí« ctik cUtfmik¥igí« mw§TW« j‹ikiaí« »U£oz® ã‹g‰¿dh®. f«g® âU¡Fwis¥ ngh‰¿¥ ga‹gL¤âaJnghš, »U£ozU« j« fh¥ãa§fËš âU¡FwŸ mofisí« fU¤Jfisí« vL¤jh©lh®. ‘ïa‰wÄœ KJbkhÊ’ v‹W« ‘bkŒaha mw«És¡F« ɤjf üš’v‹W« âU¡Fwis¡ F¿¥ã£L¥ òfœªJŸsh®.
_t® K¤jÄœg¤J¡ f«g‹ v‹W ghuh£l¥ bg‰w bgU« òyt®
âÇáuòu« Ûdh£á Rªju« ãŸisÆl« »U£oziukÆyhLJiw ntjehaf® m¿Kf« brŒJ it¤jnghJ“ït® ïu£rÂa etÚj« vGâat®” v‹wh®. ‘iftšaetÚj«’ v‹w á¤j® ïy¡»a« ngh‹W ‘ïu£rÂaetÚj«’ vGâ m¥nghJ òfœ bg‰¿Uªjh® »U£oz®.kÆyhLJiw ntjehaf® »¿¤Jt® MÆD« tŸsyh®
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36 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
tÊÆš rka xUik¥ghL ngÂat®. Ûdh£á Rªjunuhirt¤ijí« bgÇa òuhz¤ijí« k£Lnk ngh‰Wgt®.m¤jifa bgU«òyt® »¿¤Jt¡ f«gÇ‹ jÄœ M‰wiy¡nfŸÉ퉿Uªjjhš f«guhkhaz¤ijí« Mœth®ghlšfisí« f‰W¤ Jiwngh»a itztU« »¿¤Jtuhf kh¿atU« M»a »U£oziu¡ f£o¤ jGÉ¡bfh©lh®. bgU«òyt® Ûdh£á RªjuU« kÆiyntjehafU« »U£ozU« M»a _tU« kÆyhLJiwÆš rªâ¤j Ãfœî K¤jÄÊ‹ rªâ¥ghF«.
mUŸ jÄœMœth® ehyhÆu«, _t® njthu«, âUthrf« M»a
üšfË‹ g¡â¥ bgU¡F«, f«gÇ‹ gh eaK« jhíkhdtÇ‹ cU¡fK« xU nru¥ ghoat® »U£oz®. mtuJïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf« X® »¿¤Jt¤ njthu« v‹WòfH¥bgW«. cyf¤J¡nf áwªj mw¤ij tH§»atŸSt® TW« mUSilik, cyf« KGtijí«x‹¿iz¡f tšyJ. »¿¤J¡ f«gÇ‹ jÄHh‰wš mUË‹bghUis¥ghL»wJ:
“j‹dÇa âUnkÅ rij¥ò©L jÉ¥bgŒâ¥g‹dÇa gL«ghL gL«nghJ« gǪbjªjhŒ!ï‹dbjd m¿»šyh® jh«brŒt ât®ãiHiak‹Åí«v‹ bwʉfÅthŒ ky®ªjh®e« mUŸtŸsš.”
![Page 37: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
v.M. »U£oz¥ãŸis
![Page 38: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
v.M. »U£oz¥ãŸis
ïa‰bga® : »U£oz‹
áw¥ò¥ bga® : v¢.V.»U£oz¥ãŸis, bA‹¿Mš~ãu£ »U£oz¥ãŸis,»¿¤Jt¡ f«g®, jÄœ g‹a‹(Banyan)
bg‰nwh® : bjŒteha» m«ikah®,r§fuehuhaz¥ ãŸis.
ãw¥ò : 23-04-1827
kiwî : 03-02-1900
C® : bešiy kht£l«, fiuïU¥ò
fšÉ : jªijÆl«: itzt¤jÄœ. ãytznrháaÇl«: rk‰»Uj«. ehlh®¥g£o:gŸË¡fšÉ. ghisa§nfh£il;bt§F KjÈah® å£L üyf«,âU¥gh‰flš ehj¡ fÉuhaÇl«:jÄœ¡fšÉ.
kz« : K¤j«khŸ (1836)
g : rha®òu« »¿¤Jt kiw¥gŸËjÄHháÇa® (1853-58); br‹id:‘âdt®¤jkhÅ’ ïjœ :cjÉ MáÇa®,khÃy¡ fšÿÇ¥ gŸË: jÄœ MáÇa®,ghisa§nfh£il: »¿¤Jtkiwgu¥ò¡ fHf« (á.v«.vÞ) gŸË,jÄHháÇa® (1864-75); fšÿÇ; jÄœ¥nguháÇa® (1876-80), âUtdªjòu«:kfhuh#h fšÿÇ: jÄœ¥ nguháÇa®(1880-90) Fynrfu¥ g£od«: e©g®j D Z n f h o ï u h R É ‹ c ¥ g s
![Page 39: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nkyhs® (1891); »¿¤Jt ïy¡»a¢r§f«; jiyik¥ gâ¥gháÇa®(1891-1900).
gil¥òfŸ : ïu£rÂa rÇj« (1860), ïu£rÂaetÚj« (1868), ngh‰¿¤âU mftš(1884), ïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf«(ghisa§nfh£il ‘e‰nghjf«’ khjïjÊš: V¥uš 1878 Kjš et«g® 1892tiu bjhluhf tªjJ. üš 1894),ïu£rÂa njthu«, ïu£rÂa¡FwŸ, ïu£rÂa ghynghj«,
bjhF¥ò : fhÉa jUk r§»uf« (1893),
f£Liu : ïu£rÂa rka ÃUza« (‘e‰nghjf«’khj ïjÊš (1893-1896) bjhluhftªjJ).
![Page 40: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
30. c§fŸ CÇš v¤jid fh¡if?
F‰why« mUÉ jÄœ mUÉahŒ¡ FË® Úiu¡bfh£o KH¡»¡ bfh©oUªjJ. mUÉ Ú® á‰whwh»(á¤jhW) btŸs« fhšbfh©L XoaJ. m§F¤ njh‹¿amH»a á‰ù®jh‹ btŸs¡fhš. Mœth® F¿¢áÆšãwªJ btŸs¡fhÈš 5 mfit tiu ts®ªJ, ã‹bešiyÆš nkil jsthŒ FkhurhÄ KjÈah® mu©kidÆš m¤ijÆl« ts®ªjh‹ R¥ãukÂa‹. »¿¤Jt¥gŸËÆš jÄG«, M§»yK« go¤jh‹.
mu©kid¡F tU« òyt®fË‹ ghlšfis¡ nf£Lk»œªjJl‹, fÉuhr bešiya¥g¥ ãŸisÆl« jÄœïy¡fz« f‰wh‹. mt® å£L¡F¥ ã‹òw« ïUªjrî¡f¤âš (ïis¥ghW« ïl«) tŸsš ïuhrtšÈòu«K¤JrhÄ¥ ãŸis tªJ j§Fth®. mtÇl« ghlšfŸgho¢ br‹ÅFs« m©zhkiy bu£oah® KjÈabgU« òyt®fŸ gÇáš bg‰W¢ bršth®fŸ. áwªjïy¡»a¢ RitPdhf ts®ªJ, bešiy ïªJ¡fšÿÇÆšK‹Åiy tF¥ò go¤JÉ£L btŸs¡fhY¡F tªJá‰ù® ntsh© thœ¡if òFªjh‹ R¥ãukÂa‹.
M§»y¤ jilbešiy ïªJ¡ fšÿÇÆš cl‹go¤j o.v‹.átPhd«
br‹id¡ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆšg£l¥go¥ãš nr®ªJgo¤J tªj nghJ, (ã‰fhy¤âš khÃy mik¢ruhfÉs§»at®) gyKiw klš vGâ t‰òW¤â miH¤jjhš R¥ãukÂaD« br‹id tªJ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš nr®ªjh‹. jÄœ tÊÆš (Ûoa«) go¤âUªjR¥ãukÂa‹ M§»y« f©L Äu©lh‹. ãw khzt®fsS¡F¤ jÄœ ïy¡»a ïy¡fz§fis¤ jÅ tF¥ò(oôr‹) el¤â¡ f‰W¡ bfhL¤jh‹. jÄœ ïy¡»a¤âšnjhŒªj mtid M§»y ïy¡»a« <®¤jJ. MdhšM§»y tÊ¥ ghl§fŸ âif¡f it¤jjhš g£l¥go¥ãš
![Page 41: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
njhšÉí‰wh‹. MÆD« Äšy® KjÈa btËeh£L¡»¿¤Jt m¿P®fËlÄUªJ `Iªbe¿` m¿ªJ j‹thœehËš cWâahf¥ ã‹g‰¿dh‹. m ªb e ¿fŸò yd l¡ f« , k J mU ª jh ik , ò yh š c©zhik,jÄHh‰wÈš K‹Å‰gJ, M§»y bkhÊ M‰wÈšK‹Å‰gJ.
cilªjJ jilC® âU«ã cHî¤bjhÊÈš <Lg£oUªj
R¥ãukÂa‹, br‹id¢ irijÆš ntsh©ik¡fšÿÇ bjhl§f¥ g£lij m¿ªJ, clnd M®t¤Jl‹br‹W nr®ªJ go¤J¥ g£l« bg‰wh®. fhšeilkU¤Jt¤ JiwÆš ntiyí« »il¤jJ. jÄœ, M§»y«,ntsh©ik M»at‰nwhL fhšeil kU¤Jt¤Jiwg‰¿í« bjhl®ªJ go¤J¤ jFâah¡»¡ bfh©lh®.g«ghŒ (K«ig) br‹W fhšeil kU¤Jt¤ Jiw g‰¿ank‰go¥ò¥ go¤J Ko¤jh®. M§»y¤ jilia cil¤JM§»y¤âš òyik bg‰W¡ fhšeil kU¤Jt üšfisbkhÊ bga®¤jnjhL M§»y¤âÈUªJ Äšl‹, bk®É¡M»nah® ïy¡»a§fis¢ Rt®¡f Ú¡f«, nfh«ã ÉU¤j«vd bkhÊ bga®¤J¥ òfœ bg‰wh®.
jÄG¡F¤ jilM§»y¤ij tunt‰W¥ go¤j jÄH® áy®, jÄG¡
F¤ jilahf És§»d®. jŠrhñ® jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf«jÄÊš bgh¿ÆaY« kU¤JtK« f‰ã¡fyh« v‹w nghJ1997-98ïš jÄÊš üšfŸ ïšiy, fiy¢ brh‰fŸïšiy v‹W jL¤jh®fŸ mšyth? mnjnghš K‹ò«jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf« mik¡f¤ jilahf ïUªjd®.M§»y muR X® crhtš FG mik¤jJ. jÄœ¥gšfiy¡fHf« mik¤J m¿Éaš ghl§fisí« jÄÊšel¤j Koí« v‹W jhkhfnt K‹tªJ btŸs¡fhšg.R¥ãukÂadh® (bt.g.R) T¿dh®. ïy§ifÆškU¤Jt¤ij¤ jÄÊš f‰W¤ jªjJl‹ ghlüšfis¤jÄÊš bkhÊbga®¤J¤ jªj kU¤Jt® ãõ®»ßÅ‹üšfis m¡FGÉ‹ K‹ it¤jh®.
br‹id khÃy¡ fšÉ¢ r§f« 1934-ïš mik¤jfiy¢ brhšyh¡f¡ FGÉš ïl« bg‰W bt.g.R.ntsh©ik¢ brh‰fis¥ gil¤J¡ bfhL¤jh®. jh«
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42 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gÂah‰¿a fhšeil¤JiwÆ‹ ghlüšfis¤ jÄÊšbkhÊ bga®¤jh®. mªüšfis M§»nya muR btËÆ£lJ. mit ghlüšfshf khzt®fS¡F¥ ga‹g£ld. (mªnjh! jÄÊdnk! ãõ®»ß‹ bkhÊ bga®¤jkU¤Jt üšfS« bt.g.R.bkhÊ bga®¤j fhšeilkU¤Jt üšfS« ï‹iwa khzt®fS¡F¤ njitÆšyhkš/bjÇahkš nghÆdnt!)
Xo xËm«ik, f¡fš, fÊ¢rš (thªâ, ngâ) nehŒfËš ViH
vËa k¡fŸ v©z‰nwh® ïwªjd®. flîŸjh‹ fhuz«(rhÄ F¤j«) v‹W T¿¡bfh©L tH¡fkhf¡ if¡bfhŸS« á¤j kUªJfisí« bfhL¡fhkš nehŒthŒ¥g£lt®fis¢ rhfÉ£ld®. mij¤ jL¡f M§»nyamuR m«ik¤ jL¥òCá nghl¢ brŒjJ. “VŒ! CáF¤Jwt‹ t®uh‹ nlhŒ!” v‹W bgÇat®fS« Xox˪jd®. M§»nya muá‹ És«gu¤jhY« gu¥òiuahY« ïªÃiy khw¤ bjhl§»aJ. bt.g.R. `m«ikF¤JjY« mj‹ cgnahf§fS«’ v‹W xU áWò¤jf« vGâ btËÆ£lh®. jÄœehL KGtJ« fhšeilkU¤Jt¥ g bjhl®ghf¢ br‹w nghJ á‰ù®¥òwk¡fS¡F m¿îiu tH§»dh®. jŠir¥ gFâÆš 1906-ïšfhšeilfS¡F¥ guÉ tªj fLikahd nehia¤jL¥gâš bt.g.R. M‰¿a gÂia mâfhÇfshf ïUªjM§»nya® ghuh£od®.
mfÈifÆ‹ f‰ò:bešiya¥g® âU¡nfhÆÈš 1890-ïš ‘bešiy¢
ányil bt©gh’ mu§nf‰¿a bt.g.R. mjid¤ jhnkvGâa ciuíl‹ üyhf btËÆ£lh®. ïªüš mtuJjÄœ¥ òyikia cyF¡F cz®¤âaJ.
bt.g.R. ïs« mfitÆš mu©kid ntiyahŸK¤J rhÄ¥ ãŸis v‹w FUlÇl« òuhz¡ fij nf£Lts®ªjt®. nkY« mu©kidÆš btŸË¡»Hik khiyntisfËš ghuj m«khid mšÈ murhÂkhiy,gts¡bfho, itF©l m«khid, VÂna‰w« KjÈaüšfŸ go¡f¥gL« nghJ, bgÇat®fSl‹ K‹tÇirÆš mk®ªJ jhK« nf£gh®.
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43Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
òuhz¡ fij khªj®fis¥ g‰¿a fU¤J¥ nghiubjhl§»it¡F« tifÆš mfÈifÆ‹ bg© cŸs¤ijí« j‹Dz®îfisí« cz®¢á¡ bfhªjË¥igí«Ó®ö¡F« tifÆš Kj‹ Kjyhf¤ jÅ ïy¡»akhf‘mfÈif bt©gh’ ïa‰¿dh®. mfÈif f‰òilatsh?v‹w fU¤J¥ ngh® vGªjîl‹, âU¤âí« nr®¤J« á¿Jkh‰¿í« ïu©L gâ¥òfŸ bt.g.R. btËÆ£lh®. mfÈifg‰¿ bt›ntW nfhz¤âš f£LiufS« fÉijfS«òid fijfS« ehl§fS« ï‹W tiu btËtu bt.g.R.ö©Ljš Mth®.
jÄœ e£òfhšeil kU¤Jt¤JiwÆš gÂah‰¿a bt.g.R.
g bjhl®ghf¢ bršY« C®fËš »il¡F«jÄœ ïy¡»a üšfis všyh« bjhF¤jh®. jÄœ¤jh¤jh c.nt.rhÄehj®, ó©o mu§fehj KjÈah®,K.uh .fªjrhÄ¡ fÉuha®, ïuh.ã. nrJ¥ãŸis,o.nf.áj«gudh®, ïuh.ïuhfita§fh®, m.khjitah,C‰Wkiy¢ rÛ‹jh® ïUjhya kUj¥g¡ fî©l®KjÈa jÄH¿P®fŸ bj‹fhᥠgFâ¡F tU« nghbjšyh« btŸs¡fhÈš bt.g.R.khËifÆš j§»¤ jÄœcwtho k»œt®. xU Kiw btŸs¡fhš tªâUªj jÄœ¤jh¤jh nf£lh®:
“Ú§fŸ jh‹ fhšeil kU¤Jt¤ JiwÆ‹ f©fhÂ¥ghs® MƉnw! c§fŸ CÇš v¤jid fh¡iffŸcŸsd?”
“xU ïy£r¤J bjh©û‰W MwhÆu¤J vGü‰Weh‰g¤J ïu©L.”
“c«! v©Â¥ gh®¤jhš rÇahf ïU¡Fkh?”
“ rÇahf ïU¡F«.”
“xU ntis Fiwªjhš...?
“ btËôU¡F ÉUªJ¡F¥ nghÆU¡F«..”
“TLjyhf ïUªjhš...?
“btËô®¡ fh¡iffŸ ï§F ÉUªJ¡F tªâU¡F«!”
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44 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
bt.g.R. T¿a Éilahš jÄœ¤jh¤jh thŒ _o¡bfh©lh®.
jÄH¢ rhâbešiy ïªJ¥ gŸËÆš gÂah‰¿ mjid¡
fšÿÇahf ca®¤âat® kndh‹kÂa« bg.Rªjudh®.mtiu khjitah _y« klÈš bjhl®ò bfh©lbt.g.R. F‰why¤âš rªâ¤jh®. f«gÇ‹ ïuhkhaz¤âšnjhŒªjt® bt.g.R.; khwhd fU¤Jilat® bg.Rªjudh®.MÇa âuhÉl¥ nghuh£lnk ïuhkhaz¡ fij v‹wRªjudhÇ‹ tuyh‰whŒit ÉntfhdªjU«, neUî«V‰wd®. mnjnghš bt.g.R. V‰W ‘ïuhkhaz cŸSiw¥bghUS« bj‹Åªâa¢ rhâ tuyhW«` v‹w üšvGâdh®. fh¥ãa ï‹g¤ij¡ f«g® ghlštÊ¥ gu¥ãabt.g.R. m¿ÉašjÄœ _y« jÄH®fis ca®¤j¥ghLg£lt®.
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45Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
btŸs¡fhš g.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
![Page 46: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
btŸs¡fhš g.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
ïa‰bga® : R¥ãukÂa‹
áw¥ò¥bga® : bt.g.R.KjÈah®, ïuh›rh»ò (1926)
jªij : R.gHÅa¥g KjÈah®
ãwªjehŸ : 14-08-1857
kiwî ehŸ : 12-10-1946
fšÉ : bešiy fzgâah¥ ãŸisÆ‹â©iz¥gŸË, bešiy muruo¥ghy« »¿¤Jt¥ gŸË, fÉuhrbešiya¥g¥ ãŸisÆl« jÄœïy¡fz«: bešiy ïªJ¡ fšÿÇ:K‹Åiy¥go¥ò; br‹id »¿¤Jt¡fšÿÇ: ïsÃiy¥ g£l tF¥ò(1878-79); br‹id ntsh©ik¡fšÿÇ: fhšeilkU¤Jt¥ g£l«(1894)
g : fhš eil kU¤Jt¤Jiw CÊa®(1885-87): KJÃiy fhšeilkU¤Jt cjÉahs® (1895Kjš):fhšeil kU¤Jt¤ Jiw: Jiz¡f©fhÂ¥ghs® (15.8.1915 tiu)bešiy: t£l M£á k‹wcW¥ãd® (1916), Jiz¤jiyt®(1919), jiyt® (1920); bj‹fháÚâk‹w¤ jiyt® (1922)
gil¥òfŸ : bešiy¢ ányil bt©gh (1890),m«gythz njáfkhiy, jÅ¡fɤâu£L, (1936) (brªjÄœ khj ïjÊšbjhluhf 1922ïš btËtªjit),
![Page 47: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
m«ik¡ F¤JjY« mj‹ cgnahf§fS«.
bkhÊ bga®¥ò : Rt®¡f Ú¡f« - Kj‰ fh©l«,mfÈif bt©gh (05-04-1914),âU¤j¥g£l 2 M« gâ¥ò 1920, 3 M«gâ¥ò 1938, nfh«ãÉU¤j«, rUtbrd rg«, fšÉ És¡f«, ïªJnjr¤J¡ fhš eil¡fhu® ò¤jf«,ïªâahÉš fhšeilfS¡F¡fhQ»w mâf ãuhzhgakhd ÉahâfŸg‰¿a ò¤jf«.
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48 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
31.muR CÊa® ö¡fK« M£áa®V¡fK«!
K¤J¤jh©lt®, khÇK¤jh¥ãŸis, mUzhry¡fÉuha® v‹D« jÄÊir _tU« ghoa ghlšfŸÓ®¤jid (Ñ®¤jid) tifia ts®¤jd. ït®fis¥ã‹g‰¿¥ ã‰fhy¤âš âahifa®, áahkh rh¤âÇfŸ,K¤JrhÄ Ô£áj® v‹D« _tU« bjY§»š ghod®.mUzhry¡ fÉuhaÇ‹ ïuhkehlf¢ Ó®¤jidiamL¤J¡ nfhghy»U£oz ghuâÆ‹ eªjdh® Ó®¤jidòuhz¡ fijTW« bjhl®Ãiy¢ brŒíŸfËš òfœÄ¡fJ MF«. âšiy¥ gh®¥gd®fË‹ (Ô£áj®fË‹)ml¡FKiwí« xL¡FKiwí« tŸsyhiu tlÿÇš‘r¤âa Phd¤ âU¢rig’ bjhl§f¢ brŒjd. rka¤â‹bgauhš ÉisÃy§fis¡ if¥g‰¿¡ bfh©L gh®¥gd®brŒj KjyhˤJt¡ bfhLikfis eªjdh® fijÆšghoat® nfh.».ghuâ Mth®.
ïir¡fšÉeÇkz¤âš ãwªj nfh.»..ghuâ Kobfh©lhÅY«
ã‹d® Md(ªj) jh©ltòu¤âY« ts®ªjh®. m©QmŒaÇ‹ MjuÉš thœªj nfh.» .ghuâ mtÇl«tlbkhÊ ïy¡»a§fisí« ehlf§fisí« X®¤Jt(m¤JÉj) üšfisí« f‰wh®. kÆyhLJiw br‹WnfhɪjátÅl« tlbkhÊ üšfis¡ f‰wh®. ïireh£l« bfh©L F«ngr® FwtŠá ïa‰¿a ghgehrKjÈah®, bgÇa âU¡F‹w« R¥guhika®, khôu¤j«khŸM»nahÇ‹ Ó®¤jidfis¥ gho¤âǪjh®. ã‹d®¤âUÉilkUö® br‹W j§», m§F kuh£oa k‹d®mkuá«kÇ‹ murit¡ fiyP® fd« »U£oizaÇlK« mdªj ghuâÆlK« ïirf‰wh®; ïuhkjhrÇl« ïªJ¤jhÅ ïiriaí« kuh£oa¥ ghlšfisí« f‰wh®.
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49Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ïirthœînfh.».ghuâ ïsikÆÈUªnj ïiwtid¥ gho¡
bfh©L bjUÉš ã¢ir vL¤J (cŠrÉU¤â) thœªJtªjh®. âUkz¡ fhy§fËš bg©fŸ ÉU«ã¡ nf£lnghbjšyh« eY§F,F«Ä,CŠrš, yhÈ ghlšfis¥gho¡bfhL¤jh®. ïit k¡fËilna bršth¡F¥bg‰wjhš bjY§F¥ ghlšfis¡ ifÉ£L nkil¥ghlf®fŸ ïtuJ jÄœ¥ ghlšfis¥ ghl¤ bjhl§»d®. kÆyhLJiwa¥g® mŠbrhš eha» nfhÆÈštÊtÊ ntiy gh®¤j ïuhkrhÄ mŒaÇ‹ å£L¤â©izÆšjh‹ nfh.».ghuâ gL¤âU¥gh®. gfÈšbjU¡fËš gho¡bfh©L« C® ÉHh¡fŸ âUkzåLfËš òuhz¡fij¢ brh‰bghÊî brŒJ bfh©L«ïUªjh®.
nfh.».ghuâ bkȪj t‰¿a clšthF bfh©lt®.“mfykhd òw§fhšfS¡F nkš N«ãdfhšfŸ; ïW»dfG¤J; bgU¤j K©blh‹W K‹ tªâU¡F« Fuštis; mªj¡ fG¤âš x‰iwKf c¤âuh¡f«; kh®ãšÉšt x£L ÉšiynahL c¤âuh¡f¡ f©o; óid¡ f©;FW¡nf Ú©l jiy; mj‹nkš ehz‰óit¥ nghš gwªJbfh©oU¡F« g¤J kÆ®” vd cUt mik¥ò¡ bfh©oUªjh® vd c.nt.rhÄehj® tUÂ¥gh®.
âahifa® Éa¥òâahifaiu¢ rªâ¡f ÉU«ã¤ âUitahW br‹wh®
nfh.».ghuâ. fhtÇ M‰w§fiu Xu« g¤J¥ gâidªJbj‹id ku§fS¡F ïilna X® X£L åL. khzt®fSl‹ ïUªj âahifa® nf£lh®:
“vªj C®?”
“mona‹... kÆyhLJiw”
“m¥goah? m§F¡ nfhghy »U£oz ghuâ v‹WxUt®...”
“mona‹jh‹”
“Mngh»’Æš cU¥go brŒâU¡»Ö®fsh?”
m¥nghJ ‘Mngh»¥’ g©Âš mikªj Ó®¤jidiaâahifaÇ‹ khzt®fŸ gho¡bfh©oUªjd®. x‹W«
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50 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
Twhkš m¢Ó®¤jidÆš MœªâUªjh® nfh.»..ghuâ.ã‹ nfhÆY¡F¢ brštjhf Éil bg‰wh®. Iahw¥giuí« mw« ts®¤j eha»iaí« tÊg£LÉ£LM£bfh©lh® âUK‹ gL¤J¡ »lªjh®. kWehŸfhiyÆš âahifa® FUFy¤J¡F¢ br‹W ‘Mngh»’¥g©Âš “rghgâ¡F ntW bjŒt« rkhdkhFkh” v‹wcU¥goia¥ gho¡fh£odh®. “ne‰W nf£lnghJbrhšyÉšiyna?” v‹W ÉdÉdh® âahifa®. “ïuîjh‹ ïa‰¿nd‹” v‹W nfh.».ghuâ T¿aJ« Éaªjâahifa® thœ¤â mD¥ãdh®.
âšiy <LghLnfh.».ghuâÆ‹ m¤ij âšiy m«gythzÇl«
všiya‰w g¤â bfh©lt®. mjdhš nfh.».ghuâí«âšiy¡F¢ bršy nt©L« v‹W mo¡fo Mtš Ûöw¥bg‰wh®. âUehis¥ nghthuhŒ ïUªJ xU ehŸ âšiybr‹wh®. âšiy¡ nfhÆÈš eld« MLgtU« Ó®¤jidfŸ ïa‰WgtU« M»a átr§fu¤ Ô£ájÇl« e£òbfh©L ïir EQ¡f§fis¡ f‰wh®. nkY« m§»Uªjbgh‹DrhÄ Ô£ájÇl« Ó®fhÊ K¤J¤ jh©ltÇ‹Ó®¤jidfis¥ ghl« nf£lh®. âahifaU¡F«nfh.».ghuâ¡F« 200 M©LfŸ K‹ thœªjt® jÄÊir_tUŸ xUtuh»a Ó®fhÊ K¤J¤ jh©lt®. njthu¥g©fisí« beŠr« be¡FUF« g¤â cU¡f¤ijí«K¤J¤jh©lt®¡F¥ ã‹ tªnjhU« nfh.».ghuâí«âahifaUŸË£l bjY§»ir thz®fS« ã‹g‰¿d®.
eªjdh® Ó®âšiy¡ nfhÆÈš nfh.».ghuâ v¥nghJ« eªjdh®
áiyK‹ mk®ªJ jÄœ gho¡ bfh©oU¥gh®. “vªneuK« c‹w‹ rªÃâÆš eh‹ ïU¡f nt©Likah”v‹W ghodh®. (eªjdh® Ô©l¤jfhjt® v‹W T¿ïªj¢ áiy K‹ Rt® vL¤J¤ jL¤JŸsnjhL, jÄiHí«Ô©l¤jfhjJ v‹W T¿¤ njthu¤ jÄœ ghoa m«gy¤ijí« fGÉíŸsd® âšiy¤ Ô£áj®fŸ).
ehifÆš ïUªj f¥gš tÂf® xUt® rka¥gH§(òuhz¡) fij x‹iw¢ Ó®¤jidfshf¥ gho¤jUkhWnfh.».ghuâia t‰òW¤â tªjh®. mt® m›thW
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51Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nt©o¥ gH« mD¥ãdh®. ‘gH« e«kU§F mizí«’(e« g¡f« tªJ nr®ªjJ) vd¡ T¿athW ‘gHd« kU§fizí«’ vd Kj‰ghlš moia¤ bjhl§» eªjdh®tuyh‰iw vGjyhdh®. vGâ Ko¤j ã‹ ehf¥g£od¤âš _‹W ehŸ khiy 6 k¡F nkš bjhl§»ïubtšyh« mu§nf‰w« brŒjh®. g¡f¤J C®fËÈUªJ« k¡fŸ âu©L tªJ nf£ld®. fhiu¡fhšmuR CÊa®fS« ïuÉš tªJ nf£LÉ£L¥ gfÈšmYtyf¤âš ö§» tʪjd®. fhiu¡fhÈš kht£lM£áauhf ïUªj ánr v‹w btŸisa®, CÊa®fËl«nf£L ÉaªJ fhiu¡fhÈY« nfh.».ghuâia miH¤Jmu§nf‰w¢ brŒjJl‹ ‘eªjdh® rǤâu¡ Ñ®¤jid’ 1861-.ïš üyhf m¢áš btËtuî« cjÉòǪjh®.
bghwhik bgUikTiweh£L¡ fÉuha® jhÄa‰¿a âUehî¡fur®
tuyh‰W¢ Ó®¤jid òfœ bgwÉšiyna v‹w bghwhikahš f©ld¡ fÉ vGâdh®. âšiy¡ nfhÆÈšnfh.».ghuâ ghoa brªjÄœ ïir¥ghliy¡ nf£lMWKf ehty® g¤Jc%ghŒ mˤJ k»œªjh®.ïirÃfœ¢áfËš »il¤j bghUis všyh« nrĤJ mw¡f£lisah¡»¤ âUthtLJiw kl¤â‹ jiyt®R¥ãukÂa njáf® nk‰gh®itÆš âšiyÆY«kÆyhLJiwÆY« ehŸ tÊgh£L¡F¡ nfh.».ghuâcjÉdh®. flîis¤ jÉu ntW ahiuí« ghlhj mt®,j« e©g® kÆyhLJiw ntjehafiu¥ òfœªJ ‘ÚnaòUõnkU’ v‹w Ó®¤jid ghodh®. bgU«òyt®Ûdh£áRªju« ãŸis mâf ïir eh£l« ïšyhjt®; mjdhšjh‹ mtÇl« go¤J¡ bfh©oUªjc.nt.rhÄehj® nfh.».ghuâÆl« ïir f‰gij ÃW¤âdh®. m¥go¥g£l bgU« òytÇl« áw¥ò¥ghÆu«th§f¥ gyKiw br‹W nf£L«,mt® ju ÉU¥g¥glÉšiy. xUehŸ mt® å£L¤ â©izÆš fh¤âUªjnfh.».ghuâ eªjdh® Ó®¤jid x‹iw¥ gho¡ bfh©oUªjh®. mij¡ nf£L beŠr« be¡FU»a bgU«òyt®X®áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« bfh©L tªJ jªjh®.
mUzhry¡ fÉuhaÇ‹ ïuhkehlf¢ Ó®¤jidfS« nfhghy »U£oz ghuâahÇ‹ eªjdh® Ó®¤jidfS« bghJk¡fË‹ ïir ehlf¢ bršt§fshf¤ jÄH®ehÉš tH§»d. jÄÊirÆ‹ ky®¢á¡F« jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fË‹ vG¢á¡F« eªjdh® Ó®¤jid ɤâ£lJ.
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52 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
nfhghy »U£oz ghuâ
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53Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nfhghy »U£oz ghuâ
ïa‰bga® : nfhghy»U£oz‹
áw¥ò¥bga® : Kobfh©lh‹ ghuâ,Md(ªj)jh©ltòu« ghuâ
jªij : ïuhkrhÄ ghuâ
fhy« : Vw¤jhH 1810-1905
ãwªj C® : eÇkz« (ehif mU»š)
fšÉ : Kobfh©lh‹ m©Q mŒaÇlK«kÆyhLJiw nfhɪj átÅlK«tlbkhÊ ü‰fšÉ, âUÉilkUöÇšfd« »U£oz mŒa®, mdªj ghuâ,ïuhkjhr® M»nahÇl« ïir.
g : ïiwtid¥ gho thœjš, ïirf‰wY« f‰ã¤jY«
khzt®fŸ : âšiy (áj«gu«): bgh‹DrhÄÔ£áj®, ïuhru¤âd Ô£áj®,kÆyhLJiw ïuhkrhÄ mŒa®cl‹ãw¥òfŸ
gil¥òfŸ : áj«gu¡ F«Ä, fÈahz¡fhyeY§F, CŠrš, yhÈ¥ ghlšfŸ,j Å ¡ Ñ ® ¤ j i d f Ÿ , â U e h i s ¥nghth® (eªjdh®) rǤâu¡ Ñ®¤jid,âUÚyf©l ehadh® rǤâu¡Ñ®¤jid, fhiu¡ fhy«ikah®rǤâu¡ Ñ®¤jid.
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54 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
32. ghuâ¡F¥ gh£L jªj ghuâ
tŸsyhU« nfhghy »U£oz ghuâí« m©zhkiy bu£oahU« ghuâ¡F¥ gh£L jªj ghuâ (fiykfŸ) Mt®. tlÿ® ïuhkȧf tŸsyhÇ‹ mU£ghlšfS« ciueilínk ghuâahU¡F K‹ndhofŸ.ïjdhš ghuâÆ‹ ïÅa vËa ghlšfS« ciueilí«ïUgjh« ü‰wh©o‹ milahs§fshfî« K¤âiufshfî« tÊfh£ofshfî« mikªjd.
ghuâah® ïsikÆš Ts¥geha¡f‹ fhjiyí«m©zhkiybu£oahÇ‹ fhto¢ áªijí« kd¥ghlkhf¤ bjǪJ it¤âUªjh®. jÄœ¥ òyt®fismQ»¡ fšÉ f‰W ïy¡»a¡ fšÉnah ïy¡fz¥òyiknah bgwhknyna ïs«gUt« Kjš mtiu¥ghl¢brŒjit jhíkhdt®, tŸsyh®, nfhghy»U£oz ghuâ, m©zhkiy bu£oah® M»nahÇ‹rªj¥ ghlšfns. ïitna mtiu¤ ‘ j‹id kwªj yaªj‹Åš...’ ‘Xir jU« ï‹g« ctikÆyh ï‹g«’ vd¥ghl¢ brŒjd.
áªJ¡F¤ jªijnjthu¥ g©ÂirÆY« jÄÊir _tuh»a K¤J¤
jh©lt®, khÇK¤jh¥ãŸis, mUzhry¡ fÉuha®M»nahÇ‹ Ó®¤jidfËY« njhŒªjt® nfhghy»U£oz ghuâ Mth®. rªj¡ fÉah»a nfhghy»U£oz ghuâiaí« áªJ¡ fÉah»a m©zhkiybu£oahiuí« ã‹g‰¿ajhš jh‹ ghuâah® bt‰¿aila KoªjJ.
nfhghy»U£oz ghuâÆ‹ ‘eªjdh® rǤâu¡Ñ®¤jid’ÆÈUªJ, 1. ‘ khL â‹D« òiyah cd¡Fkh®fʤ âUehsh?’ 2. ‘XŒ eªjdhnu! e«k rhâ¡FmL¡Fnkh?’ 3. ‘eh« v‹d brŒnth« òiyanu!4. ‘M©il¡ foik¡ fhudšynt’ 5. ‘âšiy btËÆny
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55Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fyªJ É£lhš mt® âU«ãí« tUthnuh?’ KjÈaÓ®¤jidfË‹ rªj¤âš 1. ‘bjh©L brŒí« moikcd¡F¢ Rjªâu Ãidnthlh?’ 2. ‘ XŒ! âyfnu... e«krhâ¡F mL¡Fnkh?’ 3. ‘eh« v‹d brŒnth« Jiztnu!4. ‘m‹Åa® jk¡F moik mšynt!’ 5. ‘åu Rjªâu«nt©o Ëwh® ã‹d® ntbwh‹W bfhŸthnuh?’KjÈa gy ghlšfis¥ ghoíŸsh® ghuâah®.
m©zhkiy bu£oahÇ‹ fGFkiy R¥ãukÂa® fhto¢ áªâÈUªJ ‘MWKf tontynd..’v‹D« ghliy¥ ã‹g‰¿ mnj rªj¤âš ghuâah®,‘bjh‹W Ãfœªj jid¤J« cz®ªâL Nœfiy thz®fS«..’ v‹w ghliy¥ ghoíŸsh®. ï›thW ghuâahÇ‹ghlšfŸ KGtJ« nfhghy»U£oz ghuâahÇ‹Ó®¤jid totK« m©zhkiy bu£oahÇ‹ áªJ¥ghlš rªjK« ÉuÉ¡ »l¥gij¡ fhzyh«.
go¥ò« gh£L«gŸË¥ go¥ò go¡»w fhy¤ânyna gho¡bfh©L
âǪj ghuâahiu¥ nghynt â©iz¥ gŸËÆšÃf©L go¡F« nghnj ïirnahL gho¡bfh©oUªjh®m©zhkiy. nr‰ù® á‰wuá‹ (rk¤jhd¤â‹) mit¡fs¥ òytuhf ïUªJ 23 mfitahd Kfñ® Ûdh£áRªju¡ fÉuhaÇl«, 20 mfitahd m©zhkiy khztuhf ïUªJ ghl« nf£L¡ bfh©lh®. ã‹d®ïUtU« nr®ªJ âUthtLJiw kl¤â‹ jiyik¥òyt® c.nt.rhÄehjÇl« go¡f¢ br‹wd®.
m§F¤ j§»¥ go¡f cjîkhW nt©oí« kl¤â‹jiyt® R¥ãukÂa njáfiu thœ¤âí«, “ murdfuhâa® K‹...” v‹w ghliy kl¡fÂahf¥ ghodh®m©zhkiy. ïurk‰wt‹ v‹D« bghUËš (m+ur‹)mur‹ v‹w brhšiy Kj‹ Kjš ga‹gL¤âa mtuJm¿th‰wiy Éaªj kl¤â‹ jiyt®, “Ú rhâÆY«bu£o, ò¤âÆY« bu£o” (bu£o: ïu£o: ïu©Lkl§F) v‹W ghuh£odhuh«.
e‹}š KjÈa ïy¡fz§fŸ go¡fhjjhš âUthtLJiw kl¤âš òytuhf¥ gÂah‰w¢ bršy kW¤JÉ£lh® ghuâah®. e‹}š, fhÇif KjÈat‰¿‹ mo¥
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56 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gilÆš ïa‰wÄœ¢ brŒíŸfŸ ïa‰Wtij Él jhs¡f£Ll‹ rªj¥ghlšfŸ ïa‰Wtâš eh£l« bfh©lm©zhkiy c.nt.rhÄehjÇl« òuhz§fisí« e‹}iyí« áyfhy« nf£LÉ£L C® âU«ãdh®.
murit¥ òyt®br‹ÅFs« Rªju¥ gunjáah® m©zhkiyia
åunfus« òöÇš thœªj C‰Wkiy tseh£lh®(#Û‹jh®) ïUjhya kUj¥g¡ fî©lÇl« (fî©l®/gh©oa®/njt®) m¿Kf¥gL¤âdh®. _¤j bgU« òyt®fŸ mt® mu©kidÆš ïUªjd®. nr‰ù® mu©kidÆš ïUªjt® v‹gjhš e« mu©kidÆY« ïU¡f£Lnk v‹W 22 mfitÆduh»a m©zhkiyiaC‰Wkiy¤ njt® V‰W¡ bfh©lh®.
jÄœehL KGtJ« R‰¿ tªJ j« ghlšfis¥gho¥ òyt®fŸ gÇRfŸ bgWtJ nghy, tŸsyh»anjtU« C®njhW« br‹W òyt®fŸ gyÇ‹ ghlšfis¥ nf£L k»œªJ gÇášfŸ ešF« jÄœ¤njÜMth®. xUehŸ ïir g‰¿¥ ng¢R tªjnghJ, ‘rÇfkgjÃ’v‹W bjhl§»¥ ghlš ïa‰w¢ brh‹dh®. _¤jòyt®fŸ jk¡F ïirg‰¿¤ bjÇahnj v‹W ka§»¡bfh©L ngrhkš ïUªjh®fŸ. ïisPuh»a m©zhkiy‘rÇfk gjÃna‰F¢ rªJbrhš v‹ghŸ’ v‹W bjhl§»¥ghodh®. áªJ¥ghlÈš áwªj âwikíilatuh»amt® ghoa ïir ea« nr®ªj fhj‰ghliy¡ nf£LmidtU« ghuh£od®. njtU« k»œªJ mtiu¤ j«murit¥ òytuhf V‰wh®.
jÄœ¡fhjšFUt«khŸ v‹w bg©iz, m©zhkiy j«
24-M« mfitÆš âUkz« brŒJ bfh©lh®. br‹ÅFs¤âš eilbg‰w âUkz¤J¡F¤ njt® bghUSjÉbrŒjJl‹ C®ty¤J¡F ahidí« gšy¡F« mD¥ãit¤jh®. br‹ÅFs¤âš âUkz« KoªjJ« åunfus«òöU¡nf tªJ FUt«khSl‹ ïšyw« ïÅJ el¤âtªjh® m©zhkiy.
R‰W¥gFâ k¡fŸ njt® jiyikÆš M©LnjhW« fGFkiy KUf¥ bgUkhŸ nfhÆY¡F¡ fhto
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57Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
vL¤J elªJ brštJ tH¡f«. tÊ el¡F« mY¥ò¤bjÇahkš gho¡bfh©L bršy KUf‹ nkš ghlšfŸvG⤠jUkhW njt® m©zhkiyÆl« nf£lh®.kh¡fthrf® ghlšfËY« tŸsyh® ghlšfËY«fhz¥gL« g¤â¡ fhjiy¥ ã‹g‰¿¡ ‘fGFkiy R¥ãukÂa® fhto¢ áªJ’ ïa‰¿dh® m©zhkiy. jiyÉïu§fš, e‰whŒ ïu§fš, jiyÉ Clš, jiyÉÆ‹ òyÉ,jiyt‹ tU¤j« rh‰wš v‹D« mf¤âiz¤ JiwfËšÄf ïÅa jhs¡f£Ll‹ ïir¢rªj« bfh©L És§F« ï¥ghlšfŸ jÄHf« KGJ« guÉd.
fhknehŒmHF« M‰wY« ïirghL« âwD« bfh©l
m©zhkiy, fÇty« tªj ešÿ® eldkÂ(cU¤âu fÂif) bgh‹d«khËl« ka§»dh®. áªJ¥ghlš rªj¤â‰FÇa òâa jhs¢ brh‰f£Lfis mtŸcUth¡»¡ bfhL¤jJ« mj‹gona m©zhkiyghlš ïa‰¿l, mL¤jbehona mt® K‹ Mo mu§nf‰w« brŒjhŸ bgh‹d«khŸ. všiyÛ¿a fhk«ïu©L M©LfËš nehÆš 圤âaJ. r§fu ehuhaz‹nfhÆš ‘Mo¤jgR’ ÉHh njt® bryÉš M©LnjhW«el¡F«. mªj M©L ÉHh KoªjJ« nehŒ K‰¿am©zhkiyia¥ gšy¡»š br‹ÅFs« mD¥ãdh®njt®. miuah¥ò¡ f£oí«, ïUkšnehí« 26 mfitÆnyna m©zhkiyia ÉG§»d.
áªjhj áªJfhto¢ áªJ¥ ghlšfsh»a 24 ghlšfshš, 26
mfitÆnyna kiwªjhY« jÄÊ‹ - nkhid K¤jÄÊ‹-xÈea¢ áw¥ig cyF¡nf xÈ¡f¢ brŒjt® m©zhkiybu£oah® Mth®. g‹dh£L (I.eh) mitÆš ïtuJghliy ïir¤jh® k.r. R¥òy£RÄ. m©zhkiybu£oahÇ‹ fhto¢ áªJ nghš ghLtJ KoahJ v‹WbgU«òyt®fns TWt®. gh©o¤Jiu¤ njt® áªJghl Ka‹W ifÉ£lh®. ghuâah® ‘áªJ¡F¤ jªij’v‹W m©zhkiy bu£oahiu mobah‰¿¥ ghobt‰¿ bg‰whY« bjhl¡f¤âš mt® vG⥠ngh£o¡FmD¥ãa ‘brªjÄœ ehbl‹D« nghâÅny’ v‹D«
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58 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ghlš Kj‰gÇR bgwÉšiy; m.khjitah ïa‰¿aïªâa¡ F«Ä Kj‰ gÇRbg‰wJ.
jÄH¿PU« fhšeil kU¤JtU« M»a btŸs¡fhš g.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah® fh¥ãa§fËš áwªjJf«guhkhaz« v‹W TW« nghJ, ቿy¡»a§fËšáwªjJ fȧf¤J¥ gu v‹W m©zhkiy bu£oah®TWth®. xÈea¤âš áwªjJ fȧf¤J¥ gu mšyth?bt.g.R. KjÈahÇl« ghâ ïuî ntisÆš “ghâuh¤âÇntisÆš” v‹w ghliy ‘iguÉ’ g©Âš gho¡fh£odh® m©zhkiy bu£oah®. ïa‰w¥g£lfhy¤ânyna mtuJ fhto¢ áªJ¥ ghlšfŸ jÄHf«KGtJ« guÉd. bt.g.R. ghuh£oíŸsh®:
“m©zhkiy bu£oahiu¤ jÄH®fŸ fhto¢ áªJ ghoaòyt‹ v‹W jh‹ bjǪJ bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ. mªj¢ áªJ¥ghlšfŸ mtD¡F xU ï«Ä kh¤âu«. mt‹ xU bgÇankij (éÅaÞ) v‹gij¤ jÄH®fŸï‹D« bjǪJ bfhŸsÉšiy”
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59Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
br‹ÅFs« m©zhkiy bu£oah®
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60 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
br‹ÅFs« m©zhkiy bu£oah®
ïa‰bga® : m©zhkiy
áw¥ò¥bga® : fhto¢áªâ‹ jªij
jªij : Xî m«khŸ, br‹dt bu£oah®
fhy« : Vw¤jhH 1865-1891
C® : bešiy kht£l« br‹ÅFs«
fšÉ : br‹ÅFs«: át»Ç R¥ãukÂa¥ãŸisÆ‹ â©iz¥gŸË,Tty¥òu«: Rªju¥gunjáah®âUkl¤âš jÄœ¡fšÉ;âUthtLJiw kl¤âšc.nt.rhÄehjÇl«: òuhz«,e‹}š
g : nr‰ù® rÛ‹jh® Rªjnur uhnrªâugh©oa® mu©kidÆš òyt®;åunfus« òö® C‰WkiyntŸïUjhyakUj¥g¡ fî©lÇ‹mu©kidÆš murit¥òyt®.
gil¥òfŸ : fGFkiy R¥ãukÂa® fhto¢ áªJ,åiu etÚj »U£oz‹ ãŸis¤jÄœ, åiu¢ ányil bt©gh,åiu¤ jyòuhz«, etÚj »U£ozrhÄ¥ gâf«, nfhkâ mªjhâ, r§fuehuhaz® nfhÆš âÇgªjhâ, fUitK«k¡nfhit, C‰Wkiy¤ jÅ¥ghlš âu£L.
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61Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
33. jhnd jhdh« j¡fo j§f«!
jÄH¿PU« fhšeil kU¤JtU« M»a btŸs¡fhš g.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah® âUtšÈ¡nfÂÆšïUªj j« e©g® V.XŒ. ehuhaz mŒa§fhiu¢ rªâ¡f¥nghdh®.
“th¥gh! Éntf áªjhk ïjÊš f«guhkhaz«g‰¿¢ Ritahf vGâ tU»whŒ, bjhl®ªJ go¡»nw‹”
JWJW f©fSl‹ xU áWbg© fjî¡F¥ã‹ÅUªJ ‘th§nfh’ v‹W brhšÉ£L cŸnsnghdhŸ. c«...mªj¥ bg©Q¡F eh‹F mfitÆU¡F«nghnj ehuhaz mŒa§fhU¡F¡ f£o it¤JÉ£lh®fsh«. ‘ïªj¡ FHªij kz« v‹W xÊínkh?ïjdhšjhnd if«bg©fŸ bgUF»wh®fŸ!’ v‹WbgU_¢R É£lh® bt.g.R.
“«... mnj Éntf áªjhkÂÆš ‘rhɤâÇ rÇj«’v‹W if«bg© fij tU»wnj! kd¤ij cU¡Fnj.”
“mªj¡ fijah? mJ ïÅnkš tuhJ¥gh....,! if«bg© fhjÈ¥gjhfî« kWkz« òǪJ bfhŸs¥nghtjhfî« vGJtij¥ gy® v⮡»wh®fsh«. ïjHháÇa® á.É.rhÄehija® ešyt®. ght«! mt® v‹dbrŒth®?”
“mllh! ïJ v¥go c§fS¡F¤ bjÇí«?”
“mªj¡ fijia vGâ tUgt‹ v‹ j«ãjh‹. j«ã!...khjitah...”
ïUg¤J ïu©L mfitahd ïisP® khjitahtªjh®. mt® âUkz« brŒJ bfh©l nghJ mt®kidÉ¡F¥ gâbdhU mfitah«. bt.g.R.î« khjitahî« e©g®fshdh®fŸ. Éntf áªjhk ïjÊšbtËtªJ ghâÆš ËW nghd khjitahÉ‹ ‘rhɤâÇrÇj«’ ã‹dhËš ‘K¤J Ûdh£á’ v‹w bgaÇš òâd
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62 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
khf btËtªjJ. khjitah ‘É#a kh®¤jh©l«’v‹wj« òâd¤ij bt.g.R.î¡F m‹ò fh¡ifah¡»dh®.bt.g.R. kndh‹kÂa« Rªjudhiu¢ rªâ¡f ÉU«ãanghJ khjitah mtU¡F klš vGâ x¥òjš bg‰W¢rªâ¡f¢ brŒjh®. bt.g.R.É‹ K‹ndh® g‰¿¤ ‘jsthŒKjÈah®’ v‹W khjitah M§»y¤âš jÄÊY«üšfŸ vGâdh®.
ghuâia bt‹wh®c¥òtǤ JiwÆš gÂah‰¿a khjitahî¡F
ïy¡»a <LghL ÄFâ. »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš M§»yïy¡»a« go¤jt® v‹gjhš M§»y¤âš fÉij, fij,f£Liu vGâdhY« clD¡Fl‹ jÄÊY« bkhÊbga®¤J btËÆ£lh®. jÄÊnyna òâa gil¥òfisvGjî« bjhl§»dh®. nfhghy »U£oz ghuâÆ‹eªjdh® Ó®¤jidia¥ ã‹g‰¿ ‘eªj‹’ v‹w üšvGâdh®. mtiu¥ nghynt F«Ä, eY§F, »Ë¡f©Â,fÈahz¥ ghlšfis ïa‰¿at® khjitah.nfh.».ghuâiaí« m©zhkiy bu£oahiuí« ã‹g‰¿¢ Ó®¤jid, F«Ä, áªJ KjÈa vËa ghtot§fËšgho, khfÉahf ca®ªj ghuâahiu¥ gh£L¥ ngh£oÆšbt‹W, jkJ ‘ïªâa¡ F«Ä’ v‹w ghlY¡F Kj‰gÇRbg‰wh® khjitah.
ghuâ tÊÆšghuâahiu bt‹whY« mt® tÊ Ã‹wtU«
khjitahjh‹. rhâ¡bfhLik, Ô©lhik, _le«ã¡iffŸ, FHªij kz«, if«bg© nfhy«,kh¥ãŸis Éiy (tuj£riz) KjÈat‰iw v⮤jÈš ghuâahiu¥ nghynt cWâahf vGâdh®. fhjškz« if«bg© kz« M»at‰iw MjÇ¥gâY«,jÄÊ‹ nk‹ik, jÄÊy¡»a ts®¢á, âU¡FwË‹á w ¥ i g ¥ g u ¥ ò j š , b g © f š É M » a t ‰ ¿ Y «ghuâahiu¥ nghynt vGâdh®.
ïªâa muáaš ÉLjiyÆY« rKjha ÉLjiyÆY« ãu«k rkh#¤â‹ rhâkj¢ rl§FfŸ ïšyhjthœÉaÈY« <LghL fh£odh®. M§»y¤âY« jÄÊY« üšfŸ vGâdh®. ghuâahiu¥ ngh‹nw jÄœ v©
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63Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ga‹gL¤Jjš, m¿Éaš jÄœ ts®¤jš, bkhÊbga®¤jš, ‘rhɤâÇ’ v‹w òidbga® V‰wš, vËa ešyjÄÊš vGJjš KjÈad òǪjh®. ghuâahiu¥ nghyntïjÊaÈš EiHªJ jÄH®ner‹, gŠrhÄ®j« KjÈaïjœfis el¤âdh®.
khjitah gŠrhÄ®j« v‹w khj ïjiH 90 g¡fmsÉš btËÆ£lh®.
“c©ik, m‹ò, m¿î, x‰Wik, ciH¥ò v‹D«Iªijí« fyªjjhF« ï¥gŠrhÄ®j«. ehbl§F« M§FM§F Kis¤bjG« njáa cz®¢á¥ gÆU¡F ï¥g¤âÇif _ykhŒ C¡f cuÄ£L m¿î Ú®ghŒ¢á,m›îz®¢áia¤ jiH¤njh§f¢ brŒa KaštJK¡»a«”
v‹W gŠrhÄ®j« ïjÊ‹ neh¡f¤ij¡ F¿¤JvGâíŸsh®.
ghuâah® ‘ eil¢á¤âu«’ vd¥ gil¤jJ nghyeif¢ á¤âukhf ‘jhnd jhdh« j¡fo j§f«’ v‹wbjhl® vGâdh®. áWfij, òâd«, vËa fÉij, ãwbkhÊ ïy¡»a§fis¤ jÄG¡F¡ bfhz®jš, rKjha¥òu£á M»at‰¿š ghuâahU¡F K‹D« ã‹D« K‹ndhoahfî« ÄFâahfî« vGâat® khjitah. ïtuJ‘gŠrhÄ®j«’ ïjÊšjh‹ ehty® r.nrhkRªjughuâah®Kj‹Kjyhf¥ ghuâahÇ‹ òfœ ghL« f£LiufisvGj¤ bjhl§»dh®.
fij fijah«jÄÊš Kjš òâd« kÆyhLJiw ntjehafÇ‹
ãujhgKjÈah® rǤâu« (1879) MF«. Kjš áWfijghuâahÇ‹ ‘JsÓ ghÆ v‹D« u# ò¤âu f‹ÅifÆ‹fij’ (1905) MF«. ï¡fij r¡fut®¤âÅÆ‹ 5 ïjœfËšbjhl®ªJ btËtªjJ. Mdhš ït‰W¡F K‹dnukhjitahÉ‹ ‘rhɤâÇ rÇj«’ Éntf áªjhk ïjÊš1892 N‹ Kjš et«g® tiu 6 ïjœfËš tªjJ. vdntjÄÊš btËtªj Kjš bjhl®fij v‹w áw¥ò« ïjÊšbtËtªj Kjš òâd« v‹w áw¥ò« c©L.
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64 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
khjitah jkJ »shǪjh, r¤âahdªj‹ v‹D«òâd§fËY« ghuâah® jkJ fhªjhk fijÆY« ïªJkj¤âÈUªJ »¿¤Jt¤J¡F kh¿¡ if«bg© kz«eilbg‰wjhf¡ T¿íŸsd®. (ïªJ kj¤â‹ öaj‹ikia¡ fh¡fnt ï›thW khjitahî« ghuâahU«vGâd® vd¡Fiw TWnth® c©L. if«bg© kz«,fhjš kz«, fy¥òkz« M»at‰iw V‰W¡bfhŸshjca®rhâ ïªJ¡fËlÄUªJ j¥ã¡f kj« kh¿d® v‹gnjc©ik). jhœ¤j¥g£lt® vânu tu¡TlhJ, brU¥gÂa¡ TlhJ v‹W bfhLik brŒjt®fŸ, mt®fŸ»¿¤Jtuhf kj« kh¿aJ«, go¤J¥ g£l« bg‰W bgÇagjÉÆš Ãiwa Câa« bg‰wJ«, V‰»‹w kd¥gh‹ikia¤ ‘âšiy¡ nfhɪj‹’ òâd¤âY«, jªijí«kfD«, Fâiu¡fhu¡ F¥g‹ KjÈa áWfijfËY«khjitah vGâíŸsh®.
rhâ¡ bfhLikg h ® ¥ g d ® f Ÿ j « r h â ¥ b g U i k a h š k ‰ w
r h â Æ d i u m o ¤ J ¤ J ‹ ò W ¤ J t i j í « ï Ê îgL¤Jtijí« k‰w ca®rhâ ïªJ¡fS« ïjid¥ã‹g‰Wtijí« khjitah fh£oíŸsh®; f©o¤J« cŸsh®. “ãuhkz‹ Tl ïUªJ rh¥ãl ÉU«ò«ntshs‹ giwa‹ Tl ïUªJ rh¥ãl¡ TR»whnd”v‹W rhoíŸsh®. M§»y¤ij ‘Úr’ bkhÊ v‹W xUfhy¤âš gʤj gh®¥gd®fŸ ï‹W j§fŸ tƉW¥ãiH¥ò¡fhf M§»y¤ij¡ f‰W ca®ªj muR gÂfËšcŸsd®. “ï¥bghGnjh bgÇa F©ly Ô£áj® tÄr§fËšjh‹ 炙äR mâf«. ïuh# ghiõah«; ntis¡F¤ j¡f ntr«” v‹W g¤khtâ rǤâu¤âš vGâíŸsh®.
btŸisaU¡F cÇa ãz« mW¡F« kU¤Jt¥ go¥ò nt©lhbk‹W brh‹dt®fŸgh®¥gd®fŸ. ï‹W kU¤Jt¡ fšÿÇfËš gh®¥gd khzt®fŸ jh‹ “bfhŸisnah bfhŸis”v‹W vGâíŸsh®. (ï‹W« mt®fŸ k£Lnk ÄFâahdïl§fis¥ ão¤J¡ bfh©L jhœ¤j¥g£l ã‰gL¤j¥g£l rhâ khzt®fS¡F ïl xJ¡ÑL TlhJv‹W gh®¥gd nk‰rhâÆd® jL¤J tU»‹wd®)
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65Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
eªj‹ beU¥òrhâ¡ bfhLikiaí« Ô©lhik¤ Ôikia
í« v⮤J khjitah j« òâd§fËY« fijfËY«f£LiufËY« fÉijfËY« vGâdh®. nfhghy»U£oz ghuâÆ‹ eªjdh® Ó®¤jidiaí« ã.M®.ïuhr« mŒaÇ‹ eªj‹ fijiaí« ã‹g‰¿ ‘eªj‹’ vdM§»y¤âY« jÄÊY« üšfŸ vG⥠gh®¥gdKjyhˤJt¡ bfhLikiaí« nfhÆš cŸns EiHa¡Tl cÇik ïšyhj mt®fŸ Ãiyikiaí« kd«tUªâvGâdh®. ãw¥ghš â¡f¥gL« rhâ mik¥ig¡fLikahf v⮡F« fh¥ãa« v‹gjhš ‘kÂnkfiy’g‰¿ vGJtjhf¡ T¿íŸsh®. rhârka _l e«ã¡iffis Kj‹ Kjš v⮤jtuh»a ò¤jÇ‹ tuyh‰iw¡TW« ‘á¤jh®¤j‹’ v‹w üiy vGâaJl‹ M®dhšo‹‘MáaxË’ v‹D« M§»y ü‰ghlšfŸ 78 bkhÊbga®¤jh®. fÉk njáfÉehaf« ãŸis bkhÊbga®¥gj‰F btFfhy« K‹dnu brŒa¥g£l gÂïJ. ‘Mrhu¢ Ó®âU¤j«’ v‹D« üÈY« khjitahÔ©lhikiaí« ïsik kz¤ijí« _l e«ã¡iffisí« v⮤JŸsh®.
xÇrh, fUehlf«, Mªâu«, nfus« KjÈa khÃy§fis cŸsl¡»a m‹iwa jÄHf khÃy¤â‹ (br‹idk hfhz «) fl‰ fiu ¥ gF âfËš g ah ‰¿ at ®khjitah. Fâiuna¿¥ gy C®fS¡F« gaz«brŒjt®. CHiyí« ifô£ilí« v⮤J ne®ikíl‹thœªjt®. ïªJ kj¤â‹ _l e«ã¡iffisí« rl§Ffisí« ifÉ£L thœªjt®. mid¤J¢ rhâÆdiuí«kj¤âdiuí« rkkhf kâ¤J¥ gH»aJl‹ j« ïšy¤J¡F miH¤J¢ rkkhf cztUªâat®. kh¥ãŸisÉiy (tuj£riz) th§fhkš âUkz« brŒJ bfh©lJl‹ j« ãŸisfisí« ã‹g‰w¢ brŒjh®. j« jªij¡Fmt® ÉU«ãajhš ïW⢠rl§F (ââ) brŒj khjitahjk¡F¢ brŒa¡ TlhJ v‹W T¿É£lh®. ‘ãu«kPhdrig’ tÊia¥ ã‹g‰¿¢ rka _le«ã¡iffis¤ö¡»ba¿ªJ thœªjh®.
khjitah br‹idÆš jÄH® fšÉ¢ r§f« (1917)bjhl§» mj‹ rh®ghf¤ ‘jÄH®ner‹’ ïjœ el¤â
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66 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
m¿Éaš jÄiHí« fiy¢ brhš M¡f¤ijí« ts®¤jt®. ïtUila m©z‹ ehuhaz mŒa§fhÇ‹ kf‹bg.eh. m¥òrhÄí«, bt.g.R.î«, ïuhrháí« m¿ÉašjÄÊš <Lgl ït® mo¤js« Mth®. ‘MáÇa® m¢R¥ãuRuhya«’ vd el¤â¤ j« üšfis btËÆ£lh®.br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf M£ák‹w cW¥ãduhf ïUªjh®. br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤âš ‘jÄœ tÊ¡ fšÉnt©L«; jÄœ f£lha¥ghlkhf ïU¡f nt©L«’ v‹Wbrh‰bghÊth‰¿ mk®ªjJ« cƮڤjh®. ‘jÄœ go¡fhknyna jÄœeh£oš g£l« bgwyh«’ v‹gij kh‰w‘jÄœ f£lha¥ghl«’ v‹W bfh©L tUtnj khjitahî¡F¢ brŒí« e‹¿¡ fl‹!
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67Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
m. khjitah
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68 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
m.khjitah
ïa‰bga® : khjitah
òidbga® : rhɤâÇ, Fáf®, ehuj®, mKjfÉ,ïªJjhr‹, g«gh
bg‰nwh® : Ûdh£á m«khŸ, mdªjuhika®v‹D« m¥ghita®
ãwªjehŸ : 16-08-1872
kiwî ehŸ : 22-10-1925
C® : bešiy kh.bgU§Fs«
fšÉ : bgU§Fs« : bjhl¡f¡ fšÉ;bešiy: ïªJ¥gŸË, gâ‹k¡fšÉ;bešiy: ïy¡Fkz¥ ngh‰¿v‹gtÇl« jÄœ¡ fšÉ; br‹id:»¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ; ïs§fiy. (ã.V.)
kz« : 1887, Ûdh£á
g : br‹id: »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ-ÉÇîiuahs® (1892); c¥òtǤJiw: Jiz MŒths® (1892 Kjš),cjÉ Miza® (1922 tiu);ïjHháÇa®: jÄH® ner‹ (1917-1924), gŠrhÄ®j« (1924 itfhá-1925 fh®¤âif)
òâd§fŸ : g¤khtâ rǤâu« (1 ghf« 1898, 2M«ghf« 1899, 3M« ghf« 1924-25) É#akh®¤jh©l« (1903), K¤JÛdh£á -xU ãuhkz¥ bg©Â‹ ÞtrÇij(1903), nkh»Å khrh (K‰W¥bgwhjJ) (1925)
fijfŸ : ghyuhkhaz«, ghyÉnehj¡ fijfŸ(1923), Fáf® F£o¡ fijfŸ (1924)
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69Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ehl§fŸ : âUkiy nrJgâ (1910) kÂnkfiyJwî (mft‰gh, 1918), ïuh#kh®¤jh©l‹ (1919), ghÇÞl® gŠrej«(1924)
bkhÊbga®¥ò : nr¡RãaÇ‹ x¤bjšnyh: cjay‹v‹D« bfh‰if¢ á§fst‹ (1903,âU¤âa gâ¥ò 1916)
ghlšfŸ : bghJj®k r§Ñj kŠrÇ (1914), òJkhâÇ fšahz¥gh£LfŸ (1925),ïªâa njáa Ñj§fŸ (1925)
ciueil : Mrhu¤âU¤j« (1916), á¤jh®¤j‹(1918), jsthŒ KjÈah® FL«gtuyhW (1925), j£áz rǤâu åu®(1925)
bjhF¥ò : FwŸ eh}W (ciuíl‹) 1924
M§»y üšfŸ : Dox vs Dox (1903) Thillai Govindan (1903),(in England 1916), Sathyananda (1909),Clarinda (1915), Lient Panju (1915), Thestory of Ramayana (1914), Markandaya(1922), Manimekalai (1923), Nanda (1923),Dalvai Mudaliyar (1924), Kusika’s shortstories (1924).
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70 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
34. mL¥bgÇ¡f¥g£l tH¡F¤ jhŸfŸ
ïuhkehjòu« nrJgâ k‹d®fS¡F¢ brhªjkhdf¢r¤Ôit ïy§if¡F¤ jhiu th®¤jjhš m§FŸsnjthya¤J¡F¤ jÄH® bršy KoaÉšiy. mij¢rh®ªj ïªâa všiyÆš jÄHf Ûdt®fŸ Û‹ão¡f¢bršy KoahjJl‹ ehŸnjhW« á§fs¥gilahšR£L¡ bfhšy¥gL»‹wd®. ïu©lhÆu« M©LfS¡F K‹ãUªJ jÄH®fS¡FÇajhf ïUªj âUkiy(âU¥gâ)ia Mªâu®fS¡F¡ bfhL¤jjhš VGkiyahidtÊgl VGkl§F tÇ brY¤â¤ jÄH®fŸ brš»‹wd®.ïu©lhÆu« M©LfS¡F K‹ nru‹ br§F£Lt‹f£oa f©z» nfhÆiy¡ nfus¤J td¤JiwÆd®ãoÆš bjhšbghUŸ JiwÆd® É£ljhš M©L¡FxUKiw nfus¡ fhtšJiwÆ‹ bfLãoÆš gšyhÆu¡fz¡fhd jÄH®fŸ br‹W tÊg£L tU»‹wd®.
âUtŠir¡ fs¤âš (âUtdªjòu«) nfus k¡fshšntW bga®fËš miH¡f¥g£L tªj áiyfŸ nrukh‹bgUkhŸ, Rªju® M»nahUilait v‹W ÃWÉ M©LnjhW« FU tÊgh£L ehËš jÄH®fis miH¤J¢br‹wh® át¡fÉk á.f.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®.
fhštÊbj‹dhLila át‹ tl¡nf ïkakiy c¢áÆš
mk®ªJ ngrhknyna j‹if K¤âiuahš cyF¡nftÊfh£odh‹ v‹g®. mªj ïiwtid 12 N¤âu§fËnyát Phdnghj« v‹W bkŒf©lh® fh£odh®. mjidÉÇth¡»¢ átPhd á¤âahiu¢ brŒjh® mUŸeªâát«. ïj‰F És¡fîiu átPhd khghoa« vGâdh®átPhd KÅt®. ït® khzt® f¢áa¥g KÅt®, ït®khzt® fªj¥iga®, ït® khzt® âU¤jÂif rutz¥bgUkhŸ mŒa®, ït® khzt® rªâunrfu« ãŸis,ït® khzt® fªjrhÄ KjÈah®; ït® khzt®
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71Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
âU¢á‰w«gy« ãŸis; ït® khzt® át¡fÉkÂá.f.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah® Mth®.
át¡fÉkÂÆ‹ jªij fªjrhÄ KjÈah® (1838-1890)tH¡FiuP®. ng%®¡»Ÿis ÉLöJ, kufjtšÈãŸis¤ jÄœ, g¢ir eha» m«k‹ MáÇa ÉU¤j«KjÈa gyüšfŸ ghoíŸsh®. irt rka¤ij¤ jh¡»¥ngáa »¿¤Jt®fS¡F kW¥òfŸ vGâdh®. ït®bgU«òyt® Ûdh£á Rªju« ãŸis, MWKf ehty®,á.it. jhnkhjudh® M»nahÇ‹ e©g®.
irt¤ jÄœfªjrhÄ KjÈah® 1866-ïš nfhitÆš ‘irt¥
ãur§f rhiy’ v‹W bjhl§»¢ át¤ jÄœ m¿P®fË‹brh‰bghÊîfŸ el¡f¢ brŒjh®. mt® kfdh»aát¡fÉk ï¢r§f¤ij Û©L« bra‰gL¤âdh®.nfhit¤ jÄœ¢ r§f«, nr¡»Hh® âU¡T£l« v‹wmik¥òfisí« bjhl§»dh®. fa¥gh¡f« rjhát¢br£oah® nfhitÆš 4 M©LfŸ j§»¥ bgÇaòuhz¢brh‰bghÊîfŸ M‰¿dh®. m¥nghJ cl‹ ïUªJifnaL go¤J tªjh® át¡fÉkÂ. ïJnt át¡fÉkÂbgÇaòuhz¥ ngUiu vGj¤ ö©LnfhyhƉW.nr¡»Hh® âU¡T£l mik¥ã‹ _y« m‹g®fismiH¤J¡bfh©L ghlšbg‰w át¤jy§fŸ mid¤J¡F« br‹W tªjh®. ehŸnjhW« g‹ÅU âUKiwfis¥ go¤J Xuh©L¡FŸ Ãiwî brŒí« tH¡f¤ij¡bfh©oUªjh®. C®njhW« br‹W át rka« g‰¿¢brh‰bghÊth‰¿aJl‹ át rka khehLfËš jiyikjh§»¢ áw¥òiuí« brŒjh®. nfhÆšfis¥ ghJfh¤J¡FlKG¡F¢ brŒaî«, njthu« Xjî« ö©Ljš òǪJÃâ cjÉí« brŒjh®.
gh®¥gh‹ eªj‹âUÚW« cU¤âuh¡fK« mªJ átªj nkÅí«,
bkȪj clY«, T®ikahd gh®ití«, ïÅikahdbrh‰fS« bfh©l át¡fÉk vËikahd cilcL¤â mikâahd njh‰w« mË¥gt®. PhÅahuofŸ,tujeŠira« ãŸis, e.K.nt. eh£lh®, òyt® kÂfânur‹ br£oah®, nfh.J.ehíL, t.c.á., o.nf.á., M®.nf.
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72 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
r©Kf« br£oah® KjÈa gy® át¡fÉkÂÆ‹e©g®fŸ Mt®. kJiu, âU¥gdªjhŸ, âUthtLJiw,NÇadh®nfhÆš átkl§fS¡F mo¡fo¢ br‹Wmt‰¿‹ jiyt®fSl‹ beU§»¥ gH»í« tªjh®.
eªjid¥ gh®¥ghdh¡» ca®¤â¥ ão¤jh® ghuâ.eªj‹ Ô¡Fˤjã‹ âšiy¡ nfhÆY¡FŸ tuyh«v‹wd® âšiy¥ gh®¥gd®fŸ. nr¡»Hhnuh âšiy¡nfhÆš gh®¥gd®fŸ eªjdh®¡F¤ âUÚW óá KÅtuh¡»aij¥ ghoíŸsh®. ïªj¥ ghlšfS« MyhyRªju® fhj‰ghlšfS« nr¡»Hh® ghoait mšy v‹WMÇa¢ rh®ghd ca®rh⢠irt®fŸ áy® thâ£l¤ij¢át¡fÉk kW¤jh®. thœÉaÈY« midtÇlK«rkkhf¥ gH»dh®.
át¡fÉkÂÆ‹ bgÇaòuhz¢ brh‰bghÊit¡nf£L mtuJ át¥g‰iwí« jÄHh‰wiyí« ÉaªJghuh£oa át m‹g®fS« át kl§fË‹ jiyt®fS«ciu vG⤠jU«go nt©od®; mt® vGj¤ bjhl§»aJ« üyhf m¢ál¥ bgU« bghUSjÉ brŒjd®.âšiy MÆu¡fhš k©lg¤âš nr¡»Hh® âUehËš05-06-1935 ïš át¡fÉkÂÆ‹ ciu Kj‰gFâ mu§nf‰w¥bg‰wJ. ã‹ KGüY« 06-05-1954 ïš âšiyÆš MÆu¡fhš k©lg¤âš mu§nf¿aJ. ahidÆ‹ ÛJ ciuüšfis it¤J¤ njthu ïirí« k§fy ïirí« KH§f¤ âUåâ cyh vL¤J tªjd®. jÄHntŸã.o.ïuhr‹ K‹ÅiyÆš kJiu kl¤â‹ jiyt®jiyikÆš ÉHh eilbg‰wJ. ïuh. ã. nrJ¥ãŸis,m. áj«guehj‹ br£oah®, bj.bgh. Ûdh£á Rªjudh®KjÈa ngu¿P®fŸ áw¥òiu M‰¿d®. âUitahWm«k‹ nfhÆš âU¥g¢ bršt® njt¡nfh£il nrîbkŒa¥g¢ br£oah® át¡fÉk üY¡F¥ g¤J¥gîÅš j§f¤âš ciw (m£il) brŒâUªjh®. “KjÈahÇ‹ bgh‹Diu¡F¢ br£oahÇ‹ bgh‹Diw” v‹Wghuh£odh® bj.bgh.Ûdh£á Rªjudh®. jÄiHí«jÄH¿P®fisí« kâ¤j fhy« mJ!
t.c.á. tH¡Fïªâa eh£L ÉLjiy¡fhf¥ nghuhoa v©z‰w
bjh©l®fS¡fhfî« jiyt®fS¡fhfî« C® Cuhf
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73Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nkilfËY«, tH¡F k‹w§fËY« ngáat® f¥gnyh£oa jÄH‹ t.c.á. Mdhš áiw¥gL¤j¥ bg‰wmtU¡fhf tH¡fhl ahUÄšiy. M‹Äf¤âš _œ»¡»lªj át¡fÉk mtU¡fhf tH¡F k‹¿š thjhl¤bjhl§»dh®. M§»nya muá‹ vâÇ v‹W át¡fÉkÂia csî¤ JiwÆ‹ fGF¥gh®it f©fh¤jJ. muR¡F vâuhd Mtz§fis¡ if¥g‰¿t.c.á.¡F mâf¤ j©lid bg‰W¤ juî«, át¡fÉkÂia áiwÆš jŸsî« csî¤JiwÆd® át¡fÉkÂÆ‹ å£L¡FŸ mâuoahf EiHa¥ òw¥g£ld®.
fh£o¡ bfhL¡F« nfhlÇ¡ fh«òfS¡F ïilÆšntiu¡fh¡F« ÉGJfS« ïU¡f¤jhnd brŒ»‹wd!csî¤Jiw tUtj‰F¢ á¿J neu¤â‰F K‹, å£ošïUªj át¡fÉkÂÆ‹ kidÉ Ûdh£áÆl« áiw¤JiwÆš ïUªj X® jÄH‹g® mjid¤ bjÇɤJÉ£L clnd khakhŒ kiwªjh®. fzt® btËô® nfhÆšbrh‰bghÊɉF¢ br‹¿Uªjjhš v‹d brŒtbj‹Wâif¤J¤ jLkh¿a Ûdh£á, JªJ Koî¡F tªjtuhŒ, t.c.á. bjhl®ghd tH¡F¡ f£LfË‹ jhŸfismL¥ãš ngh£L vǤjh®. mL¤j áy behofËš csî¤Jiw EiHªjJ.
t.c.á. tH¡F¢ brŒâfnsh ntW Mtz§fnsh»il¡fhjjhš, át¡fÉk bjhF¤J vGâÆUªj átrka ïy¡»a« g‰¿a Rto¡f£Lfis¡ fK¡f (ïufáa)¡F¿¥òfnsh vd Ií‰W ïU¥gt‰iw mŸË¡ bfh©LÛdh£áia Äu£o É£L¢ br‹wd® csî¤JiwÆdU«fhtš JiwÆdU«. t.c.á. tH¡F el¤J«nghJ mj‰FÇatH¡F¡ f£L ïšyhkY« brh‰bghÊÉ‹nghJ át rkaïy¡»a¡ F¿¥ngLfŸ ïšyhkY« át¡fÉk Äfî«ïl®¥g£lh®. e‹¿ kwthj ešy jÄH® t.c.áj«gudh®j« kfD¡F¢ R¥ãukÂa‹ vd¢ át¡fÉkÂÆ‹bgaiuí«, kfS¡F Ûdh£á vd¢ át¡fÉkÂÆ‹kidÉ bgaiuí« N£odh®.
mw¥gÂifÆš »il¤jt‰iw¡ f©lt®¡bfšyh« bfhL¡
F« bfhil cŸs« át¡fÉkÂÆl« ïsik Kjny
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74 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ïUªjJ. fšÿÇÆš ïs§fiy (ã.V.) go¤J KjštF¥ãš Kjš kâ¥bg© bg‰w át¡fÉk¡F¥ bgh‰gj¡fK« gz¥gÇR« »il¤jd. bgh‰gj¡f¤ij¤ âU¥ngh%®¡ nfhÆY¡F mˤjh®. gz¤ij¤ j« MáÇa®âU¢á‰w«gy« ãŸisÆl« mt® vGâa ‘kh¡fthrf®’ v‹w üiy m¢á£L btËÆl mˤjh®. bgÇaòuhz ciu mu§nf‰w¤â‹nghJ »il¤j bgh‰gj¡f¤ij¤ j« JizÉah®mªâUªj j§f¢ r§»ÈÆšnfh¤J¥ ng%® m«kD¡F¢ rh¤j mˤjh®. jk¡F¥ngh®¤j¥gL« bgh‹dhilfis¤ njthu XJth®fS¡FmË¥gJ mt® tH¡f«. FHªijfŸ ïšiyahjyhškidÉ ïwªjã‹ j« bršt¤â‹ bgU« gFâia mw¡f£lisfŸ M¡»dh®. kJiu âUPhdr«gªj kl¤âš1958-ïš Jwî V‰W¢ ‘r«gªj ruzhya®’ vd¥ bga®bg‰wh®.
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75Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
át¡fÉk á.f. R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
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76 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
át¡fÉk á.f. R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®
ïa‰bga® : R¥ãukÂa‹
áw¥ò¥ bga® : nfhit á.f.R¥ãukÂa KjÈah®át¡fÉk (1940, br‹idkhfhz¤ jÄœ¢ r§f«), âUkiwPhdghD (1954, kJiu âUPhdr « gª j ® k l ¤ â ‹ j i y t ®tH§»aJ) r«gªj ruzhya¤j«ãuh‹ RthÄfŸ (1958, JwîV‰wã‹)
bg‰nwh® : tot«ikah®, tH¡f¿P® fªjrhÄKjÈah®
ãwªjehŸ : 20-02-1878
kiwî : ...1961
C® : nfhit (nfhr‹ò¤ö® / nfha‹ò¤ö®nfha«ò¤ö® / nfhaK¤ö®)
fšÉ : nfhit: ahœ¥ghz« nrhkRªju«ãŸisÆl«; muád® ca®Ãiy¥gŸË, bjhl¡f¡fšÉ, ïilÃiy¡fšÉ; br‹id: khÃy¡fšÿÇ:ïs§fiy (ã.V) j¤Jt«, r£l¡fšÿÇ: ïs« r£lÉaš (ã.vš) 1903
kidÉ : Ûdh£á
g : tH¡FiuP®, ïªJ rka mwÃiya¤Jiw: nfhit t£l njt¤jhdcW¥ãd® (9 M©L), brayhs® 10M©L; nfhit efuh£á cW¥ãd®,ã‹ Jiz¤ jiyt®; br‹id¥gšfiy¡fHf«: jÄœ bkhÊ¢ rh®ghs®
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77Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
(ãuâÃâ), jÄœ¥ ngufuh⤠â£lcW¥ãd®; âšiy (áj«gu«) eluhr®nfhÆš âU¥g¡ FG¤ jiyt®1946
gil¥òfŸ : bgÇaòuhz És¡fîiu (Kj‰gFâ1935, KGJ« 1954), nr¡»Hh®(br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf«,mw¡f£lis¢ brh‰bghÊî),nr¡»HhU« nrÆiHahU«,nr¡»HhÇ‹ br«k¤âuŸ, thÑr®mšyJ bkŒíz®jš,kh¡fthrf® mšyJ Ú¤jh®bgUik, fUñ®¤njt® tuyhW,âU¤bjh©l® òuhz¤âš KUf‹.
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78 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
35. JŸË¡ Fâ¡FJ f‹W¡F£o!
“jÄœ k¡fS¡F¡ »il¤j bgUŠbršt«, mÇa bršt«,bjÉ£lhj mÄ®j«, thœehŸ KGJ« jÄœ kf‹ j‹Dl‹it¤J¡ bfh©L mDgÉ¡f nt©oa thlhj f‰gf¥
ó¢br©L”- v‹W ïuáfk â.f. áj«guehjdhuhš ghuh£l¥
bg‰wit fÉk njáf Éehaf« ãŸisÆ‹ fÉijfŸ.jÄœkfÅ‹ kf‹/kfŸ, “g¢ir¡ »Ëna th th! ghYŠnrhW« c©z th! bfh¢á kŠrŸ ór th! bfhŠáÉisahl th!” v‹W fÉkÂÆ‹ ghlšfis¥ ghl¤bjÇahkš, go¡f¤ jÄœ vG¤JfS« bjÇahkš M§»y¤âš “kiHna kiHna ngh! ngh!” v‹W gho cHt®fŸvâ®gh®¡F« kiHia Éu£L»wh®fŸ. jÄHf¥ bg©fŸbfh¢á kŠrŸ óRtJ v§nf? kŠrS« ïŠáí« nt«ò«btŸis¡ bfh¡FfË‹ fh¥òÇikÆš á¡»l¥ gh®¡»‹wd. jÄiH É£lhš j‹khd« fh¡f Koíkh?
FHªij¡ fÉP®fÉk m‹ò« ÉUªnjh«ò« g©ò« bfh©lt®.
âUtdªjòu¤âš ïUªjnghJ, g¡f¤J å£od® j«å£oš ïl« nghjhJ v‹gjhš, fÉkÂÆ‹ å£ošÉUªJ el¤âd®. m¥nghJ X® bjhiytÇ (jªâ) tªjJ.th§»ko¤J¥ ig¡FŸ it¤J¡ bfh©l fÉkÂ, ÉUªJKoªjã‹ mjid vL¤J¥ go¤jh®. clnd ehf®nfhÆšòw¥g£lh®. M«! bjhiytÇÆš mt® kUkfŸ ïwªJÉ£lhŸ v‹w brŒâ tªâUªjJ.
gŸËÆš go¡F«nghJ MáÇaÇ‹ eh‰fhÈÆš jh«vGâa fÉij x‹iw it¤jh®. MáÇa® tªjJ« m¡fÉij¤ jhis vL¤J¥ go¤J, ahnuh xU áwªj òyt®ïa‰¿ajhf ïU¡fnt©L« v‹W T¿, m¥ghliy¥go¤J ea« T¿¥ ghuh£odh®. m¥nghJ« j«ikbtË¥gL¤â¡ bfhŸshj mtiu¥ ã‰fhy cyf«
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79Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fÉk vd¥ ghuh£oaJ. mt® ïsik bjh£L vGâaghlšfns ‘kyU« khiyí«’ v‹w üyhF«. FHªijfS¡F¥ òÇa¡ Toa vËikahd ghlšfS« jhyh£L¥ghlšfS« bfh©lJ ïªüš.
JŸshj njáa«‘ïªâahî¡F Mf¤J 15 -ïš M§»nya muR
ÉLjiy jªjhY« eh§fŸ jÅ ehLjh‹’ v‹WâUtdªjòu« á‰wuá‹ jiyik mik¢r® (âth‹)gjÉÆš ïUªj r®.á.ã. ïuhkrhÄ mŒa® T¿dh®. mªjmsî¡F ïªâa ÉLjiy¥ nghÇY« njáa muáaÈY« fy¡fhkš ïUªjJ âUtdªjòu« á‰wuR. m§F‘kfhuhrh’ gŸËÆ Y « fš ÿÇ Æ Y « g  a h ‰ ¿ afÉ k  , ï ª â a É L j i y ¥ n g h u h £ l ¤ â ‹ å ¢Rm‰wtuhf¤jh‹ ïUªjh®. ntšR ïstur® 1905-ïšïªâah tªjnghJ ghuâah® tunt‰ò¥ ghlš ghoaJnghy, 1921-ïš ntšR ïstur® ïªâah tªjnghJfÉk tunt‰ò¥ ghlš gho thœ¤âdh®.
“gh‰flš câ¤bjGªj gh¡»ank, jÅKjiy¤ bjhGjilªjjt¥gand”, v‹w ntšR ïsturU¡F¥ ghL« thœ¤Jeh£oÅš bgh§» tʪj cÇik cz®it¥òw¡f¤J, btW« bkhÊ¥òyik ÉisahL« KfkdhfKGik bgwhj fÉij¥ gil¥ghŒ K¿ªJ É»wJ”- v‹W fh. âuÉa« kâ¥ÕL brŒ»‹wh®. fhªâ
aofË‹ jiyikia V‰W ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l« guÉanghJ, fÉkÂí« V‰wh®; fh§»uR f¥gš, fj®É‰gid,t£lnkir khehL vd¥ ghodh®. MÆD« ïitgu¥òiu¥ ghlšfshfî« É©z¥g¥ ghlšfshfî«cŸsdnt jÉu åu vG¢á¥ ghlšfshf ïšiy. ‘fjiuth§F§fŸ fânkh£r« jhU§fŸ, üUngU¡F m‹dkˤj ga‹’ v‹W berî brŒí« ViH¥ bg© fjWtjhŒ¥ ghoíŸsh®. M§»nya / mayh® M£á¡Fvâuhf ïªJ¡fS« kfkâaU« x‰Wikahf ïU¡fkh£lh®fsh v‹W ftiy¥g£L¥ ghoíŸsh®. cyf¥nghuhš V‰g£l g£oÅ¡F« njáa¤ jiyt®fŸ áiw¥g£lj‰F« f©Ù® kš»¡ fÉij gil¤JŸsh®.
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80 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
k¡fŸ fÉP®ehŠáš eh£oš (ehf®nfhÆš gFâ) xUtUila
brh¤J mt® bg‰w ãŸisfS¡F cÇikÆšiymtUila cl‹ ãwªjhŸ ãŸisfS¡nf nrU«. ïjidkUk¡fŸ jhaKiw v‹g®. gHik thâfË‹ ï¡fU¤J¡Fk¡fËilna v⮥ò ïUªjJ. ï›tH¡f¤ij v⮤J‘ehŠáš eh£L kUk¡fŸ tÊ kh‹Äa«’ v‹w fÉij¤bjhliu¤ ‘jÄH‹’ ïjÊš 19 17- 19 18ïš fÉkÂvGâdh®. muR kUk¡fŸ jhaKiwia Ú¡» 1926-ïšr£l« bfh©L tªjJ.
âUtdªjòu« á‰wuáš ïUªj gh®¥gd®fŸ tlbkhÊ, kiyahs«, bjY§F M»at‰iw MjÇ¡f¡Toat®fshf ïUªjh®fŸ. mt®fŸ jÄHf¤â‹ gygFâfis¥ ãǤbjL¤J¡ bfhŸs K‰g£ld®. mjdhšFkÇ, bešiy, ehf®nfhÆš gF⤠jÄH®fŸ bgÇJ«nghuhl nt©oÆUªjJ. ehf®nfhÆš, âUtdªjòu«KjÈait jÄHf¤J¡F cÇait vd¡ fÉk nghuhodh®. mt® kiwî¡F¥ ã‹ 1956-ïš ehf® nfhÆšk£Lnk jÄHf¤J¡F¡ »il¤jJ.
jÄœ Ãy§fsh»a âUkiy (âU¥gâ)ia Mªâu¤âlK«, bt§fhÿiu (bg§fq®)fUehlf¤âlK«,âUtdªjòu¤ij¡ nfus¤âlK« g¿bfhL¤jJ m¡fhymuáaš jiyt®fË‹ khbgU« F‰w« MF«.
fÉijí« fšbt£L«kh‰W bkhÊ¡ fÉijfis bkhÊbga®¤J¤ jÄG¡
F¡ bfh©L tªjh® fÉkÂ. k¤njí M®dhšL v‹gt®ïa‰¿a ‘iy£ M~¥ Máah’ v‹w M§»y¡ fÉij üiyMáa nrhâ vd bkhÊ bga®¤jh®. ò¤j® tuyh‰iwmH»a jÄÊš ghoíŸsh®. ck® fahÄ‹ ‘%gha¤’v‹D« ghuÓf bkhÊ¡ fÉij üÈ‹ M§»y bkhÊbga®¥ig¤ jGɤ jÄÊš bkhÊah¡f« brŒJŸsh®fÉkÂ. bkhÊ bga®¥ò¡ fÉijfS¡F K‹ndhoahfî« ïÅa jÄÊY« fÉkÂÆ‹ ghlšfŸ áw¥ò¥bgW»‹wd. RÓªâu«, ehf®nfhÆš, ój¥gh©o, FkÇKjÈa gFâfËš »il¤j fšbt£Lfisí« br¥ngL
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81Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fisí« bjhF¤J¤ jªjh® fÉkÂ. ïtuJ fhªjq®¢rhiy v‹w üš áwªj tuyh‰W MŒî üyhF«.
áÇ¥ò¡ fÉP® :vËikí« bk‹ikahd kdK« eif¢Rit¡F¤
njit. ‘ehŠáš eh£L kUk¡fŸ tÊ kh‹Äa«’ v‹wFW§fh¥ãa¤âš eif¢Rit bgh§F« Ãfœ¢áfismik¤J¢ áǤJ¢ áªâ¡f it¤JŸsh® fÉkÂ.
ehf®nfhÆš mU»š ò¤njÇÆš áW ïšy¤âšKÅt®nghš thœªj mt®, bj‹jÄœ eh£L¡F tU«jÄH¿P®fis¤ j«Äšy¤â‰F miH¤J ÉUªjˤjh®.FHªijfS¡fhf¥ ghoatU«, FHªijíŸs« bfh©ltU« M»a fÉkÂ, j« ã‰fhy¤âš j« ngu¡FHªijfŸTl mU»š tuKoahj msî¡F¤ njhšnehŒ ÄFªJJ‹g¥g£lh®. áu§FfŸ ÄFªJ ÓG« eh‰wKkhŒ¡»lªjnghJ« FHªijfS¡fhf¥ ghlšfis vGâ¡bfh©nl ïUªjh®. Ô©lhik¡ bfhLik, berthËfË‹ J‹g«, cyf¥ nghÇ‹nghJ ViHfË‹ g£oÅM»at‰W¡fhf mGJ ghoa mt®, j« áu§FfS¡fhf¢ áÇ¥òl‹ ghodh®:
“K¤J¥ gtH« KGtÆu« kh¡f«g¤âbahË år¥ gj¡fbkšyh« - á¤j‹áu§f¥g uha‹ á¿na‹ vd¡F¤ju§f©L jªj jd«.”
XÉa¡ fÉP®fÉk FHªijfS¡fhd ghl‰ü‰FGÉš ïUªjh®.
X® XÉa® tiuªâUªj gl§fËš âU¤j« brŒa nt©ocŸsJ v‹W T¿dh®. gy M©Lfshf¥ òfGl‹És§F« XÉa® ÄFªj Ó‰w¤Jl‹ fÉkÂÆl« tªjh®.
“mŒah, Ú§fŸ Äf¥bgU« fÉP®jh‹. MdhšXÉa® ïšiy. eh‹ XÉa¡fiyÆš gy gÇRfŸ th§»at‹”
“c§fŸ XÉa§fŸ Äfî« mHF thŒªjit. mijeh‹ FiwbrhšyÉšiy. Ú§fŸ v‹id btW«fÉP®jh‹, XÉa® ïšiy v‹Ö®fŸ. c©ikjh‹.Mdhš ešy fÉPD« XÉaD« f©fshš e‹whfcyf¤ij cŸth§»¡ ifÆš jUjš nt©L«”
“eh‹ gh®¥gij m¥gona tiunt‹”
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82 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
“»Ëia tiuªâU¡»‹Ö®fŸ, kÂ¥bgh¿ia(fofhu¤ij) tiuªâU¡»‹Ö®fŸ. ïnjh ghU§fŸc§fŸ gl§fis! »Ëia¥ gh®¤âU¡»Ö®fsh?”
XÉa® ÄFªj ád« bfh©ltuhf,
“»Ëia¡ Tlth eh‹ gh®¤jâšiy? »Ëia¥gh®¡fÉšiy v‹whY« ïnjh vânu ïU¡»‹wkÂ¥bgh¿ia¡Tlth eh‹ gh®¡fÉšiy?”
- v‹W nf£lh® XÉa®. fÉk gl§fis¡ fh£o¡T¿dh®,
“XÉanu! mªj kÂ¥bgh¿Æš ghU§fŸ! eh‹Fv‹gj‰F eh‹F nfhLfŸ ïU¡»‹wd! Ú§fŸ xUnfhL«fití« (iv) tiuªâU¡»Ö®fŸ”
XÉaÇ‹ Ru« ïw§»aJ. bkšy¡ nf£lh® :
“fÉk mŒah, »ËÆš v‹d Fiw? brhšY§fŸ,âU¤â¡ bfhŸ»nw‹!”
“XÉanu! »Ë¡F K‹òw« bjÇ»w fhÈš IªJÉušfŸ tiuªâU¡»Ö®fŸ; eh‹F ÉušfŸjh‹x›bthU fhÈY«!”
kWky®¢á¡ fÉP®Äf vËa fÉijfËš òǪJ bfhŸs¡ Toa bkhÊ
eilÆš òǪJ bfhŸs nt©oat‰iw¥ ghoat®fÉkÂ. bg©fŸ K‹nd‰w«, Ô©lhik xÊ¥ò,kJ Éy¡F, jÄÊir, njáa« ghodh®. nfhÆš nfhòu§fËnyh áiyfËnyh flîŸ ïšiy, m‹òilabeŠr§fËš FoÆU¥gjhf¥ ghoíŸsh®. “k§ifauhf¥ ãw¥gj‰nf ešy khjt« brŒâl nt©Lk«kh”v‹W bg©ikia¥ ngh‰¿at® fÉkÂ. “ghLth®cŸSU»¥ ghL« jÄÊir¡F, ÚLy»š c©nlh Ãf®”v‹W jÄÊir ïa¡f¤J¡F¡ Fuš bfhL¤jJl‹‘njÉÆ‹ Ñ®¤jd§fŸ’ vd¥ gy Ó®¤jidfis¥ghoíŸsh®. njáa¥ ghlšfËš JŸshj fÉkÂÆ‹fÉijcz®¢á, FHªij¥ ghlšfËš JŸË¡ Fâ¡FJ!fÉkÂÆ‹ Ó®¤jidfis nkilfËš ghLtnjjÄÊir ts®¡F« tÊ! jÄH®fË‹ FHªijfŸ,fÉkÂÆ‹ FHªij¥ ghlšfis¥ gŸËfËš gÆštnjjÄœ¡ fšÉia ts®¡F« tÊ!
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83Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fÉk njáf Éehaf« ãŸis
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84 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
fÉk njáf Éehaf« ãŸis
ïa‰bga® : njáf Éehaf‹
áw¥ò¥ g£l« : fÉk (24-12-1940 br‹idkhÃy¤ jÄœ¢ r§f« tH§»aJ)
òidbga® : nj.É, njÉ, M©lh‹ fÉuha‹,FÆš, Ia«ãŸis, ajh®¤jthâ
bg‰nwh® : Mây£RÄ m«ikah®,jhQ¥ãŸis
ãwªj ehŸ : 28-10-1876
kiwªj ehŸ : 26-09-1954
C® : nj%®, RÓªâu« mU»š
fšÉ : nj%®: bjhl¡f¡ fšÉ;thz‹â£L: âUthtLJiwkl¤â‹ jiyt® rhªjȧf¤j«ãuhÅl« jÄœ¡ fšÉ;nfh£lhW: M§»y¥gŸË,ehf®nfhÆš: Þfh£ »¿¤Jt¡fšÿÇ: K‹Åiy¥ go¥ò (v~¥.V)âUtdªjòu«: MáÇa¥ gƉá¥gŸË
g : nfh£lhW : bjhl¡f¥gŸË MáÇa®.ehf®nfhÆš: MáÇa¥ gƉᥠgŸËMáÇa®. âUtdªjòu«: kfhuhrhbg©fŸ ca®Ãiy¥gŸËm¿Éaš MáÇa®. âUtdªjòu«:kfhuhrh kfË® fšÿÇ: jÄœMáÇa®. (ÉU¥g XŒî: 1913)br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf« :ngufuh⤠â£l«: áw¥òMŒîiuP® (1926-1936).
![Page 85: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
âUÉjh§T® gšfiy¡fHf«: jÄœ¥ghl¡ FG cW¥ãd® (1941)
gil¥òfŸ : mHf«ik ÉU¤j«, kyU« khiyí«,ehŠáš eh£L kUk¡fŸ tÊ kh‹Äa« (‘jÄH‹’ ïjÊš 1917 kh®¢R -1918 kh®¢R: bjhl®fÉij) njÉÆ‹Ñ®¤jd§fŸ, Máa nrhâ, ck®fah«ghlšfŸ, fÉkÂÆ‹ ciu kÂfŸ,fhªjq®¢ rhiy
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86 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
36. Fo¥gij¤ jL¥gnjnfho nfho ò©Âa«
mHfhd á¿a bjhl¡f¥ gŸË¡ Tl¤âš X®tF¥giw. ghl« vL¡F« MáÇaÇ‹ brh‰fis¡ fhJnf£L¡ bfh©oU¡F«; if k£L« jhËš MáÇaÇ‹Kf¤njh‰w«, cUt«, ÉF« Ãiy M»at‰iw m¥gonaÃH‰gl« vL¤jJ nghštiuªJ bfh©oU¡F«; nkY«ÑG« jhî« f©fis it¤J ïjid MáÇa®fŸf©Lão¤J¥ gÇrhf¥ ãu«go óir jªjh®fŸ.
ghuh£L« gj¡fK«tF¥ò¡F tªj jiyik MáÇa® vÈa£L ghl«
el¤J« nghJ m«khzt® gl« tiutij¡ f©Lão¤J É£lh®. j«ik m¢ro¤jh‰nghy Äf mHfhftiuªâUªj âwikia¡ f©L k»œªJ ghuh£odh®.XÉa« tiua¥ ga‹gL« öÇif (òUR) x‹iw¥ gÇrhf¤jªjh®. mªj khzt®jh‹ ïuhkȧf«.
á«r‹ v‹w bgh¿ahs® j« FHªij âObu‹Wïwªjjhš, cÆUl‹ ïUªjnghJ xU ÃH‰gl« TlvL¡fÉšiyna v‹W tUªâdh®. khzt® ïuhkȧf«tiuªâUªj XÉa§fis¥ gh®¤j á«r‹ j‹ FHªijïwªjã‹ vL¤j ÃH‰gl¤ij¡ bfhL¤J¡ FHªijiacÆ®¥òl‹ tiua¢ brhšÈ, I«gJ c%ghŒ jUtjhf¢brh‹dh®. mªj khzt® tiuªJ bfh©LnghŒ¡bfhL¤jJ«, FHªij cÆUl‹ cŸsJnghš ïU¥gij¡f©L cz®¢á nkÈ£L¥ igÆš ifia É£L ïU¥gitvšyh« bfhL¤jh®. mªj khzt® I«gJ c%ghŒnghJ« v‹W T¿í«, á«r‹, “ïiwt‹ c‹ âwik¡Fmˤj gÇR” v‹W T¿É£lh®. bkh¤j« 675 c%ghŒïUªjJ. MáÇa®fŸ bfhL¤j ãu«go tÈia M§»nya® bfhL¤j gÇRfŸ ngh¡»É£ld.
go¥ò¡F¥ ã‹ áy fhynk vG¤jhsuhfî«, MáÇauhfî« gÂah‰¿a mt® KGneu XÉa® Mdh®. xU
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87Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gl¤J¡F MÆu« c%ghí« mj‰F nkY« jªJ tiuªJbfh©L br‹wd® br£oeh£L¥ gz¡fhu®fŸ. Iªjh«#h®{ k‹dÇ‹ KoN£LÉHh âšÈÆš 1912 âr«g® 12M«ehŸ eilbg‰wJ. bgh¿ahsU« ÃH‰gl¡ fiyPU«jÄH¿PUkh»a gh. nt. kh¡f eha¡fU«, ehk¡fšyhU« cªJUËÆš (nkh£lh® ir¡»Ëš) âšÈ br‹wd®. br‹id muá‹ rh®ãš gh. nt. kh. ÃH‰gl«vL¤jh®. ghuj m‹idna 炙yhªJ murU¡FKoN£Ltjhfî«, g¡f¤âš muáah® ïU¥gjhfî« jh«tiuªj XÉa¤ij ehk¡fšyh® murÇl« mˤjh®.k»œªj muáah® bgh‰gj¡f¤ij¤ j« ifahnynaehk¡fšyhU¡F mÂɤjh®. M§»y muir V‰W¡bfh©L thœªj fhy¢NHš mJ. bt.g.R. KjÈah® jh«ïa‰¿a mfÈif bt©ghÉ‹ ïW⥠ghlyhf KoN£LÉHh thœ¤J¥ ghlš ghoíŸsh®.
Kj‰gh£Lehk¡fšyh® áWtdhÆUªjnghJ ‘nfhty‹
ehlf«’ v‹w bjU¡T¤J¥ gh®¤JÉ£L ïuî Ú©lneu« fʤJ å£L¡F¥ gánahL tªjh®. gHÅa¡fhS«eh¤jdhU« mtU¡F¢ nrhW nghlhkš jk¡FŸ r©ilÆ£L¡ bfh©oUªjd®. Ú©lneu« bghW¤J¥ gh®¤jmt®, jh« nf£l ehlf¥ gh£o‹ rªj¤âš (bk£oš),
“eh¤jdhU« eh¤âíkhŒ eLå£oš r©ilÆ£lh®nrh¤J¡fhf tªnjd«khnrhW« fhnzh« ÚU« fhnzh«nrhWnghl tªÔ®fsh? - ï§nfr©il nghl tªÔ®fsh?”- v‹W gho¡ bfh©nl Fâ¤J¡ Fâ¤J Modh®.
mªneu¤âš å£oš EiHªj mtUila jªij (fhtšJiwvG¤j®:V£L) XirÆšyhkš ã‹dhÈUªnj ïij¡f©L nf£L k»œªjJl‹ clnd j«Kila fhtšJiw eh£F¿¥ãš ïªj¥ ghliyí« vGâ it¤J¡bfh©lh®. ã‰fhy¤âš ehk¡fšyh® ïªâa ÉLjiy¥nghuh£l¥ ghlšfis¥ ghoanghJ« M§»nyamuá‹ csî¥ ãÇÉd® j« fhtš Jiw eh£F¿¥ãš ït®ghlšfis vGâ¡ bfh©ld®.
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88 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ghuâ gh£Lö¤J¡Foia¢ nr®ªj tH¡FiuP® É.vR.ÉRtehj
mŒa®, nfhfny uhdnl bga®fËš fÉij¥ ngh£oel¤âdh®. mj‰F¥ ghuâah® fÉij vGâ mD¥ãdh®.mt®jh‹ gÇR bgWth® v‹gjhš kJiu K.uh.fªjrhÄ¡fÉuha® fÉij vGâ mD¥ghkš ïUªJÉ£lh®.ehk¡fšyh® vGâ mD¥ãa ‘eh£L¡ F«Ä’ gÇR bgW«jFâÆš ïUªjJ. ngh£oia el¤âat®fŸ Äjthj¥ãÇÉd®. ÔÉuthj¥ ãÇî¤ jiyt®fsh»a âyf®,muɪj® M»nahiu¡ flîsuhf cUtf¥gL¤âthœ¤â¥ ghoÆUªj flîŸ thœ¤J¥ gFâia Ú¡FkhWT¿d®. ehk¡fšyh® kW¤J É£ljhš Kj‰gÇRmtU¡F¡ »il¡fÉšiy. ‘ ï ª â a ¡ F « Ä ’ g h o akhjitahî¡F Kj‰gÇR »il¤jJ. ghuâahU¡Fïu©lh« gÇR »il¤jJ.
ghuâahiu neÇš rªâ¤J XÉa« Ô£l nt©L«v‹gJ ehk¡fšyhÇ‹ beLehisa ÉU¥g«. xUKiwmtiu¢ rªâ¤J¤ jh« XÉa® v‹W m¿Kf¥gL¤â¡bfh©lh®. ghuâah® ‘flfl’ v‹W áǤjh®.
“X! Ú® XÉauh? Ú® v«ik XÉa« Ô£L«!eh« c«ik¡ fhÉa« Ô£L»nwh«!”“ehD« bfhŠr« ghLnt‹”
“mnl! mnl! e«Kila ïdkh?v§nf... bfhŠr« ghL«... ghL«...!”ehk¡fšÈš tªJ j§» ïu©L M©LfŸ ehlf«
e l¤ â¡ b fh ©o U ªj h® » £l ¥g h . eh k¡ fš yh ®mtUila ehlf§fS¡F¥ ghlš vGâ¡ bfhL¥gJtH¡f«. »£l¥gh el¤âa ‘ytFrh’ v‹w ïuhkhazehlf¤J¡F¤ jh« vGâa,
“j« muir¥ ãw® MsÉ£L¤ jh«tz§»¡ if f£o ËwnghJ«...”- v‹w ghliy¡ fÙ® v‹w FuÈš ïiríl‹ gho
dh® ehk¡fšyh®. ghliy¡ nf£L¤ JŸË¡ Fâ¤jghuâah®,
“gny, gh©oah! Ú® xU òyt‹! mŒaÄšiy” v‹Wghuh£odh®.
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89Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ïuh#hÍí« fhªâí«“ bg hŒ b r hš yh nj ! n gh ¡» Ç v ‹W b ga ®
vL¡fhnj!” v‹W jhah® T¿a ïu©L m¿îiufisí«‘ jh Œ jª j j d« ’ v‹ W F ¿¥ ãL « e hk ¡fšy h® ,fhªâaofŸ j« jhŒbkhÊia¥ ngh‰¿aJ nghšngh‰¿¥ ã‹g‰¿ thœªjh®. ey¤Jiw (Rfhjhu¤ Jiw)¡fU¤Jfis¥ gu¥òtj‰fhf C® njhW« ehlf§fŸ el¤âtªjh® ehk¡fšyh®. âU¢br§nfhL òJ¥ghisa«FUFy¤âš (Máuk¤âš) j§», fŸS¡filfis _L«go tÈíW¤â¥ bghJk¡fËl« ifbaG¤J th§»¡bfh©oUªj ïuh#hÍ, kJÉy¡if tÈíW¤â C®njhW« gu¥òkhW nt©odh®. ‘Fo¥gij¤ jL¥gnj nfho nfho ò©Âa«’ v‹W gh£blGâdh®ehk¡fšyh®. fŸS¡fil k¿aš nghuh£l§fËšï¥ghliy k¡fŸ KH§»d®.
ïuh#hÍ jiyikÆš nguha (fh§»uR)¡ f£áÆd®âU¢áÆÈUªJ âUkiw¡fhL (ntjhu©a«) neh¡» c¥òmw¥nghuh£lkhf tÊeil¥gaz« br‹wd®. m¥nghJ ehk¡fšyhÇ‹ “f¤âÆ‹¿ ïu¤jÄ‹¿ í¤jbkh‹W tUFJ” v‹w ghliy¥ bghJk¡fŸ åu¤Jl‹gho KH§»¡ bfh©Lbr‹wd®. ghuâah® ïšiynav‹w Fiw Ú§»aJ v‹W k»œªj ïuh#hÍ, “âyf®Éij¤j Éij ghuâahuhf Kis¤jJ; fhªâaofŸöÉa Éij ehk¡fš fÉPuhf ts®ªJŸsJ” v‹wh®.
ehk¡fšyhÇ‹ ‘ML uh£nl RH‹whL uh£nl’KjÈa ghlšfŸ ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l¡ fhy nkilfËšghl¥bg‰wd. XÉa« tiutijí« ifÉ£L KGJ« ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l ïa¡f¤âš <Lg£ljhš ehk¡fšyh® tWikí‰wh®. ehk¡fšyhÇ‹ ghlšfis¥ngh‰¿a ‘jÄœ¥ g©iz’ á‹d m©zhkiy ‘jÄH‹ïja«’ v‹w üyhf btËÆ£lh®.
jÄH‹ ïdey«“gh®¥gd¥ g©oj®fS¡F MÇa bkhÊ v‹W
brhšy¥gL« rkR»Uj¤âš Äfî« gÇî«, âuhÉlbkhÊ v‹W brhšy¥gL« jÄÊš gifikí« j«ika¿ahkny V‰gL»‹wd. Mfnt, ït®fŸ vGJ«nghJ rkR»Uj¤ij ca®¤âí« jÄiH¤ jhœ¤âí«brhštJ tH¡fkh»É£lJ.”
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90 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
- v‹W ‘jÄG« rkR»Uj¡ fy¥ò«’ v‹w f£LiuÆš(nyhfĤâu‹ 1914, á¤âiu ïjÊš) ehk¡fšyh® vGâíŸsh®.
jÄœ tÊ¡fšÉ, jÄÊir, Ô©lhik xÊ¥ò, kJÉy¡F, fhªâa«, ïªâahÉ‹ muáaš ÉLjiy¡F¥ã‹d® V‰gl nt©oa r_f ÉLjiy, bghUËašK‹nd‰w« KjÈad g‰¿¥ ghoíŸsh®. fŸS¡filk¿aÈY« ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l¤âY« áiw br‹wh®;fL§fhtš j©lid milªjh®. ntÿ®¢ áiwÆšïUªjnghJ ‘kiy¡fŸs‹’ v‹w òâd¤ij vGâdh®.ïJ jÄœ, bjY§F, f‹dl«, kiyahs«, ïªâ, á§fs«vd Kj‹ KjÈš MWbkhÊfËš âiu¥glkhf btËtªj bgUik¡FÇaJ. kJiu¢ áiwÆš ïUªjnghJâU¡FwS¡F ciu vGâdh®. âU¡Fwisí« f«gïuhkhaz¤ijí« áiwÆÈUªjt®fS¡F¥ ghl«brh‹dh®.ï›thW ghl« nf£lt®fËš Xkªö®ïuhkrhÄ bu£oahU« xUt®.
Kjyik¢ruhd ã‹ Xkªö® ïuhkrhÄ bu£oah®murit¡ fÉPuhf ehk¡fšyhiu mk®¤â IahÆu«c%ghŒ jUtjhf ïUªjh®. mt® gjÉ ïw§f ne®ªjjhšmL¤J tªj FkhurhÄ uhrh %.1000 mˤjh®. ïuh#hÍïªj¥ gz¤ijí« ÃW¤âdh®. MÆD« ehk¡fšyh®ïw¡F«tiu jÄœeh£o‹ murit¡ fÉPuhf És§»dh®. “jÄH‹ v‹bwhU ïdK©L jÅna mt‰bfhUFzK©L” v‹W« “jÄH‹ v‹W brhšylh! jiyÃÄ®ªJ Úylh!” v‹W« KH§»at® ehk¡fšyh®.
t.uh. ghuh£Lth®:“mt® ïa‰if¡ fdth‹, jÄœeh£o‹ jt¥
òjšt®, tÆu« mo¤js« nghy brh‰fis¢ áw¥ghf¢ á¤jÇ¡F« XÉa®, k¡fË‹ ïa‰if Mtyh»aÉLjiyia ï‹ÅirÆš ghoÆU¡F« fÉP®. mtUila fÉijfŸ rhfhÃiy bg‰wit. . . ehk¡fšïuhkȧf« (ãŸis v‹gJ nghna nghŒÉL«) òu£á¡fhy¥ ò‹dif¡ fÉ”
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91Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ehk¡fš fÉP® nt. ïuhkȧf«
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92 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ehk¡fš fÉP® nt. ïuhkȧf«
ïa‰bga® : ïuhkȧf«. m«kh it¤j bga®:fU¥g©zrhÄ
áw¥ò¥ bga® : ehk¡fš fÉP®, ehk¡fšyh®,murit¡ fÉP® (15, Mf¤J 1949ïš jÄHf muR mˤjJ), g¤kór© (1971eLt© muR mˤjJ)
bg‰nwh® : m«k m«khŸ, nt§fluhkãŸis
ãwªjehŸ : 19-10-1888
kiwªj ehŸ : 24-08-1972
C® : ehk¡fš mU»š nkhf}®
fšÉ : ehk¡fš e«khœth® gŸË:bjhl¡f¡fšÉ, nfhitca®Ãiy¥gŸË (1908 tiu)âU¢áuh¥gŸË vÞ.ã.Í. fšÿÇ:K‹Åiy tF¥ò (v~¥ V.):1909
g : t£l M£áa® mYtyf vG¤j®,gŸË MáÇa®, XÉa®; âU¢á, f%®,ehk¡fš nguha (fh§»uR)¡ f£á¤jiyt®, bray® bghW¥òfËš; r£lnkyit cW¥ãd® (1954), ‘rh»¤âamfhjÄ’ M£á¡FG cW¥ãd®.
gil¥òfŸ : kiy¡fŸs‹ (òâd« 1933), m‹òbrŒj m‰òj« (òâd«), khk‹kfŸ(òâd«), mtD« mtS« (fh¥ãa«),r§bfhÈ, ãuh®¤jid, fÉjhŠrÈ,fhªâ mŠrÈ, jÄœ¤nj‹, ehk¡fšfÉP® ghlšfŸ, âU¡FwŸ ciu(1955), ïy¡»a ï‹g«, jÄH‹ïja«, jhah® bfhL¤j jd«,jÄœbkhÊí« jÄHuR«, njkJu¤jÄnHhir,âUtŸSt® âL¡»Lth®, v‹fij.
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93Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
37. bršyÇ¡F« br¥ngLfS«fšbt£LfS«!
jÄÊ‹ bgUikiaí« jÄœeh£L tuyh‰iwí«gH§fhy¤âÈUªJ btË¥gL¤J« fšbt£Lfisí«br¥ngLfisí« V£L¢ Rtofisí« f®dš fhÈ‹bk¡f‹á KjÈa btËeh£od® bjhF¤J ek¡Fmˤjd®. á.it. jhnkhjudh®, c.nt. rhÄehj®,bt.g.R. KjÈah®, É. fdfrig¥ãŸis, kndh‹kÂa«bg.Rªjudh®, fÉk njáf Éehaf« KjÈa jÄH¿P®fS« bjhF¤jd®. mt®fis¥ nghynt nfhit»Hh® á.k.ïuhk¢rªâu‹ br£oah® ïªJrka mwÃiya¤ Jiw Mizauhf¥ gÂah‰¿ C® Cuhf¥gÂÆ‹ fhuzkhf¢ bršy ne®ªjnghJ, M§fh§F»il¤j fšbt£Lfisí«, br¥ngLfisí« go vL¤J¤bjhF¤jh®. jÄHf¤J¡ nfhÆšfŸ ïªJ rka¤ij¢rh®ªjit MÆD«, MÇa¥ gh®¥gd®fË‹ Ô£áj®fË‹rk‰»Uj¥ ãoÆš ïUªjhY«, jÄHf¤ bjhštuyh‰iwí« g©gh£ilí« ehfÇf¤ijí« bjÇÉ¡f¡Toa V£L¢ Rtofisí«, fšbt£Lfisí«, br¥ngLfisí«, XÉa§fisí«, f£ll¡ fiy E£g§fisí«bfh©lit v‹gij¡ nfhit »Hh® j« vG¤JfshšÃiyeh£odh®.
V£L¢RtofŸjÄHf¤J¡ nfhÆšfËY« nfhÆšfis¢ rh®ªj
âUkl§fËY« âUkl§fis¢ rh®ªj òyt®fË‹ïšy§fËY« jÄœ ïy¡fz ïy¡»a V£L¢ RtofŸïUªjd. f®dš fhÈ‹ bk¡f‹á (1753-1821) bjhF¤j gidXiy¢ RtofŸ M§»nya muR V‰gL¤âa br‹id¡fšÉ¢ r§f¤jhÇl« x¥gil¡f¥ bg‰wd. ï¢RtofŸüyf« 1858 Kjš khÃy¡ fšÿÇ üš Ãiya¤Jl‹ïizªj ‘muád® ÑiH eh£L¡ ifbaG¤J¢ RtofŸÃiya«’ M»¥, ã‹d® br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤âš
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94 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jŤJ ïa§f¤ bjhl§»aJ. ïj‹ M£á¡FG cW¥ãduhf ïUªJ nfhit »Hh® bra‰g£lh®. nrhH‹ó®tg£la«, bfh§Fnjr uhrh¡fŸ fij, ng%®¡nfhitKjÈa üšfis¥ gâ¥ã¤jh®. ïnjnghš, jŠirÆšrunghá k‹d® fhy¤âÈUªJ bjhF¡f¥g£l Xiy¢RtofS« üšfS« bfh©l ruRtâ kfhš üyf¡FGÉ‹ bra‰FG cW¥ãduhf¢ brayh‰¿dh®. m¥nghJ ïuhk¥iga‹ m«khid, jÄÊir¡ fUÉfŸ v‹wüšfis¢ RuRtâ kfhš üyf¤â‹ btËpLfshf¥gâ¥ã¤jh®.
kl§fËš jÄœfÇty« tªj ešÿÇš tuFz gh©oa‹ vGâa
ití« bjhF¤jití« M»a ïy¡»a¢ Rtofis - gidXiy¢ Rtofis¡ nfhÆÈš ïUªj MÇa¥ gh®¥gd®fŸÔÆš ï£L ntŸÉ brŒJ É£ld®. ‘ïy¡»a¢ Rtofis ntŸÉ¤ ÔÆš ï£L vÇ¡F«go Mfk« brhšY«v‹whš mªj Mfk§fisna ÔÆš nghlyh«’ v‹WjÄœ¤jh¤jh c.nt.rhÄehj® T¿dh®. tlbkhÊÆšjh‹tÊghL (mU¢rid) brŒant©L« v‹W Mfk§fŸTWtjhf¢ áy kl¤jiyt®fŸ T¿¤ jÄÊš tÊghLel¤j¡ TlhJ v‹W ngá tU»‹wd®. jÄÊš tÊghLel¤Jtij¡ nfhit »Hh® ïªJ rka mwÃiya¤JiwMizauhf¥ gÂah‰¿anghJ gu¥ãdh®. irtá¤jhªj¤âš òyik ÄFªjtU«, âUKiwfis¡ f‰W¤nj®ªjtU« Mœªj rka¥ g‰whsU« M»a nfhit »Hh®jÄœtÊghL g‰¿¡ T¿a fU¤Jfis ahU« v⮡fKoaÉšiy. ïªJ rka mwÃiya¤Jiw Miza® v‹wgjÉ tÈikí« ïj‰F¡ fhuz« MF«. nfhÆšfËšjÄœ¤âUKiwfŸ Xj¥bgwî« jy tuyhWfŸ vGj¥bgwî« Mtd brŒjt® nfhit»Hh®.
jÄœ¡ fšÿÇfŸ‘irt á¤jhªj rkh#«’ v‹w mik¥ig¢ br‹id
Æš bjhl§»l¡ nfhit»Hh® JizËwh®. Úâaur®n#.v«.ešyrhÄ¥ ãŸis, kiwkiyaofŸ KjÈnah®ïªj mik¥ig¤ bjhl§»¥ gid Xiy¢ Rtofis¥gobaL¤J¥ gâ¥ã¤jd®. irt á¤jhªj rkh#¤â‹gâ¥òfŸ ju« thŒªjitahfî«, e«ã¡if¡FÇait
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95Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ahfî« És§»d. ïªj mik¥ã‹ rh®ghf el¤j¥bg‰w‘á¤jhªj«’ v‹w ïjÊ‹ MáÇauhf¡ nfhit»Hh®gÂah‰¿dh®.
ïªJ rka mwÃiya¤ Jiw Mizauhfî«á¤jhªj« ïjÊ‹ MáÇauhfî« irt rka¤âš áwªjbrh‰bghÊthsuhfî« âfœªjjhš jÄHf« KGtJ«cŸs kl§fË‹ jiyt®fSl‹ ešy e£òlD« beU§»a gH¡f¤JlD« nfhit »Hh® ïUªjh®. ng%® rhªjȧf mofsh® âUkl¤âš ešy bjhl®ò ïUªjjhšjÄœ¡ fšÿÇ bjhl§F«go C¡Fɤjh®; m¡fšÿÇÆ‹ KjštU« Mdh®. j« üšÃiya¤ij m¡fšÿÇ¡nf mˤjh®. ïtUila C¡FÉ¥ghšjh‹kÆy« kl¤â‹ rh®ãš X® jÄœ¡ fšÿÇí« jUkòu«kl¤â‹ rh®ãš X® jÄœ¡ fšÿÇí« bjhl§f¥ bg‰wd.jÄœts®¢á¡fhf¤ jÄœ k£Lnk jÅ¢áw¥òl‹ f‰ã¡f¥g£l jÄœ¡ fšÿÇfËš ‘ɤJth‹’ v‹W tlbkhÊ¢ brhšyhš F¿¡f¥gL« g£l¤ij¥ ‘òyt®’ vd¤jÄÊš kh‰¿¥ bgUikíl‹ tH§» tªj Ãiy kh¿,ï‹W M§»y¤âš ‘ã.È£.. .’ v‹w g£lkh», jÄœ¥nguháÇa®fË‹ mâf Câa¤â‰fhfî« fšÿÇ tÂf®fË‹ gz¡ bfhŸis¡fhfî« gyg£l¡ fšÿÇfsh»É£ld.
rKjha¥gÂnfhit »Hh® nfhit jÄœ¢r§f« vd¤ bjhl§»
mj‹ brayhsuhf¤ jÄœ¤ bjh©L òǪjh®. ï¢r§f¤âš khj¡ T£l§fŸ el¤â, jÄÊ‹ gyJiwfis¢rh®ªj¥ ngu¿P®fis miH¤J¢ brh‰bghÊî M‰w¢brŒjh®. jÄœ¥ g‰WŸst®fisí« irt rka¥ g‰WŸst®fisí« xU§»iz¤jJl‹ nfhit khefÇ‹gyÃiy¥g£l k¡fisí« jÄÊY« tuyh‰¿Y«<LghL bfhŸs¢ brŒjh®. khzt®fis m¿ÉY«g©ãY« nk«gL¤J« tifÆš fšÉia cUth¡f¡fšÉ¢ Ó®âU¤j« njit v‹W KH§»dh®. gŸËmU»nyna MáÇa®fS¡F åLfŸ f£o¤ ju¥bgwnt©L« v‹wh®. nfhitÆš ‘»uhk CÊa®fŸ r§f«’bra‰gl cjÉfŸ brŒJ jhK« ïizªJ bjh©LfŸòǪjh®. br‹id ‘kJÉy¡F¥ ãu¢rhu r§f«’ brŒj
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96 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gu¥òiuÆš g§nf‰W¤ jhK« cW¥ãduh», á‰ù®fS¡F¢ br‹W ViH vËa k¡fŸ fŸisí« rhuha¤ijí« Fo¤J kJî¡F moikah»¤ j§fŸ tUthiaïHªJ fl‹fhu®fshfî« M» mÊtij¤ jL¡f¥ghLg£lh®.
gil¥ghËnfhit »Hh® bjY§f® ïd¤âš ãwªâUªjhY«
jÄœ bkhÊ¡F«, jÄH®fS¡F« jÄœeh£L¡F« brŒjbjh©LfŸ ms¥gÇad. jÄœ, bjY§F, f‹dl«,kiyahs«, ïªâ, rk‰»Uj«, cUJ, M§»y« vd v£LbkhÊfŸ m¿ªjt® mt®. jÄÊY« M§»y¤âY«f£LiufŸ vGâí« nkilÆš ngáí« jÄÊ‹ bgUikiaí« tuyh‰W¢ áw¥igí« gu¥ãdh®. ït® nfhitkht£l¡ fšÉ¢ r§f¤âY« nfhit kht£l üyf¡FGÉY« jiytuh» mÇa tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfis¤jÄÊš bkhÊbga®¤jh®. fÉijí« ïy¡»aK«òuhzK« k£Lnk ngá tªj jÄœ m¿P®fis¡fšbt£L, br¥ngLfŸ, RtofŸ bfh©L jÄHftuyh‰iw czu¤ ö©odh®; czu¢ brŒjh®. jkJïy§if¥ gaz« g‰¿ 3 üšfŸ vGâdh®.
gaz üšfŸ, tuyh‰W üšfŸ, brŒíŸ üšfŸvd¥ gy ïa‰¿a ïtuJ tuyh‰iwí« tuyh‰W üšfisí« kwªj jÄH®fŸ tuyh‰iw v‹d brhštJ?ïtuJ eh£F¿¥ò¤ bjhF¥òfŸ 40 ï‹D« btËtuhkšcŸsd. fšbt£Lfisí« br¥ngLfisí« njo¡f©Lão¤J¥ go vL¤J, M§»nya‹ bjhF¤J m¢ášbtËÆ£l jÄHf tuyh‰W Mtz§fsh»a ò¤jf§fis¡ fUehlf¤âY«, Mªâu¤âY« bršyǤJ mʪJnghf É£oU¡F« jÄHf« ït‰iw¡ fh¥gh‰Wkh?
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97Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nfhit »Hh® á.k. ïuhk¢rªâu‹
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98 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
nfhit »Hh® á.k. ïuhk¢rªâu‹
ïa‰bga® : ïuhk¢rªâu‹
áw¥ò¥ bga® : nfhit »Hh®, á.v«.ïuhk¢rªâu‹br£oah®, á¤jhªj¥ òyt®(br‹idkhÃy¤ jÄœ¢ r§f« mˤjJ)
bg‰nwh® : nfhd«khŸ, kUjhry« br£oah®
ãwªjehŸ : 30-11-1888
kiwªj ehŸ : 03-12-1969
C® : nfhit
fšÉ : nfhit ïy©l‹ Är‹ gŸË,efuit¥ gŸË, rghg⥠ãŸis,âU¢á‰w«gy« ãŸis M»nahÇl«jÄœ¡fšÉ; br‹id khÃy¡fšÿÇ: ï.f. (ã.V.) ïa‰ãaš,1908,r£l¡fšÿÇ: ï.r.(ã.vš) 1912;jÄœ¡fšÉ: c.nt.rhÄehjÇl«
g : nfhit-tH¡FiuP®, jÄHf muR:ïªJ rka mwÃiya¤JiwMiza® (1940-ïš XŒî)‘bfh§Fky®’ ïjœ MáÇa® (1934-1937); “á¤jhªj«” : ïjœ MáÇa®(1947-1953)
gil¥òfŸ : bfh§F eh£L tuyhW, nr¡»HhU«fšbt£L«, ehšt®fS« fšbt£LfS«,fšY« ngR»wJ, flÈ‹f© K¤J.
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99Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
38. fh¥ãakhd nguháÇa®
f‹d§fnuš v‹W ïU¡»wh®, ïl¡fhš ïl¡ifCd« cilat®, bt©Âw Mil, njhËš Éá¿ko¥ò¤ J©L, nt£oia¡ f¢r« f£oÆU¡»wh®, ifÆšbtŸË¥ ó© cŸs if¤jo, be‰¿ Ãiwa âUÚW.
M « ! m t ® j h ‹ ò y t ® k  ( g © o j k  )fânurdh®! ‘g©ojkÂ’ v‹whny mtiu¤jh‹F¿¡F«.
murÇ‹ miH¥òïuhkȧf tŸsyhÇ‹ bghJ¢rka (r‹kh®¡f)
be¿ia¥ gu¥ò« neh¡Fl‹, fhiu¡Fo brh¡fȧf IahtÊfh£LjÈš, fânurdh® nkiy¢átòÇÆš r‹kh®¡frig bjhl§»dh®. mj‹ rh®ãš t.gH.rh. gHÅa¥g‹br£oah® bghUSjÉíl‹, ïy¡fz¥ bgU«òyt®nrhHtªjh‹ murŠr©Kfdh® jiyikÆš, fnzr®brªjÄœ¡ fšÿÇí« bjhl§»dh®. jÄœ, tlbkhÊ,M§»y« vd _‹W bkhÊfisí« m¿ªjt® fânurdh®.mt® ng¢R vËikahfî«, eif¢RitnahL áªjidfyªjjhfî« ïU¡F«. vG¤J ïy¡»a eilahf ïU¡F«.tlbkhÊ¥òyik ïUªjjhš gy tlbkhÊ ehlf§fis¤ jÄG¡F bkhÊ bga®¤jh®. fânurdhÇ‹ âwikg‰¿¡ nfŸÉí‰w br£oeh£L tŸsš m©zhkiymur® neÇš tªJ mtiu miH¤J¤, jh« ÃWÉÆUªjm©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡ fHf¤âš jÄœ¥nguháÇauhf¥gjÉ mˤjh®.
F‰w« f©lhš F£LâU¡FwŸ KGikí« kd¥ghl« brŒj fânurdh®,
j« e©gÇl«, “x¥ã¡»nw‹, jtW ïUªjhš F£L§fŸ”v‹wh®. “mfu Kjy vG¤bjšyh«” v‹wJnk, e©g®F£odh®.
‘V‹?’ v‹wj‰F, “mfu Kjy btG¤bjšyh« v‹WïU¡»wJ. vG¤bjšyh« v‹W T¿dhš jtW jhnd?”
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100 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
v‹wh® e©g®. “Inah! 1330 FwS« brh‹dhš v‹jiyna ïU¡fhJ. nghJ« Ú® rÇgh®¤jJ” v‹W T¿É£lh® fânurdh®. F‰wÄšyhkš jh« go¤jJnghynt, ãw® F‰w« f©lhš Fiwia nenu cldoahf¡ T¿ÉLth®. eif¢Rit cz®îilat® Mifahšr‰W¡ »©lyhfî« brhšth®. Mdhš fLŠbrhšTwntkh£lh®. mtuJ »©lš bghW¡fhkš gifbfh©nlh® c©L. e‹}š v‹D« ïy¡fz¤J¡F¥ gyãiHfSl‹ ciu vGâ m¢á£l xUt®, btËp£LÉHhÉš fânurdhiuí« ngRkhW f£lha¥gL¤âdh®.m›ÉHh nkilÆnyna fânurdh®, “mJ e‹}š, ïJe‹}š (ešy üš) ïšiy!” v‹W T¿É£lh®.
kiyÆil¥ ãwth kÂkiwkiy v‹D« jÄœkiyíl‹ nkhâa kÂ
fânurdh® Mth®. kiwkiy mofsh® jkJ áw¥ò¢brh‰bghÊÉ‹nghJ, tlbrh‰ fy¥ghš jÄÊ‹ jŤj‹ikí« áw¥ò« bfL»‹wd v‹W ngádh®. mu§»šïUªj fânurdh® vGªJ, “m¥g® bgUkh‹ ry«óbthL ög« kwªj¿na‹ - v‹W ghoíŸsh®. ry«,ög« v‹w brh‰fŸ tlbrh‰fŸ. ïjdhš m¥g®jÄiH¡ bfL¤jh® v‹W MFkh?” v‹W v⮥ò¤bjÇɤjh®. át kj¥ g‰whš Éisªj ád« ïJ! MÆD«ešy jÄÊšjh‹ ngrî« vGjî« brŒjh®. ïtÇl«gÆ‹w t.Rg.kh¡f« jŤjÄœ ïa¡f¤â‹K‹ndhoahf És§»dh®.
fânurdh® âšiyÆš (áj«gu¤âš) tÊgh£oY«ïirÆY« fšÉÆY« kh‰WbkhÊ ngh‰Wnthiu¡f©lh®.
“ek¡FÇa eh£L bkhÊia¥ òw¡f¤J nt‰WbkhÊÆš v¤Jiz nk‰br‹whY«, bkhÊa¿th‰bgW« ga‹ K‰W« bg‰wjhf kh£lhJ. ïªÃiyÆšeh« ï‹¿aikahJ gÆy nt©LtJ ek¡FÇa jÄœbkhÊnaahF«”
v‹W fânurdh® vGâíŸsh®. ciu eil üšfis¤ jÄG¡F bkhÊbga®¤J ehlf¤ jÄG¡F«,
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101Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
m©zhkiy murÇ‹ jÄÊir Ka‰áfS¡F¤ JizbrŒJ ïir¤ jÄG¡F« bjh©L brŒjh®.
áÇ¥òk bg©kÂòyt®k (g©ojkÂ) fânurdh®, khzt®fis
xG¡fkhf ïU¡f¢ brŒtâY« jÄG¡fhf¡ Fuš bfhL¥gâY« f©o¥òkÂ. Mdhš g©ãY« gH¡f¤âY«ghl§fis khzt®fS¡F¢ Ritgl¢ brhštâY«áÇ¥òkÂ. fšÿÇÆš Ãiwa ÉLKiw É£L« nghjhkš,nkY« ÉL¥ò vL¤J¡ bfh©L tuhkš ïUªjhš go¥òv‹dhF«? ÉLKiw Koªjîlnd tuhkš, btFehŸbr‹WtU« khzt®fis¥ gh®¤J, “xU kunk¿nj§fhŒ eh‹F g¿¤jh‹. cÇikahsU¡F x‹W« bfhL¡fhkš eilia¡ f£odh‹. V‹?- v‹W nf£lj‰F¢brh‹dh‹: Vw x‹W, ïw§f x‹W, m‹gË¥ò vdÚ§fshf¡ bfhL¥gJ x‹W, ehdhf vL¤J¡ bfh©lJx‹W” v‹W »©lyhf¡ TWth®.
xUKiw fânurdh® brh‰bghÊÉ‹nghJ T£l¤âš gy bg©fŸ ngá¡bfh©oUªjd®. ‘bg©kÂfŸjhnd, fyfy v‹W xȤJ¡ bfh©Ljh‹ ïU¡F«’v‹wh® òyt® kÂ. bg©fŸ c£gl midtU« áǤJk»œªjd®. bg©fË‹ mu£il xÈí« m¤Jl‹ml§»É£lJ.
mÇa¡Fo ÓÅthr‹mÇa¡Fo v‹w CÇš X® m‹g® å£oš, Fo¡f¥
ghš bfh©L tªJ it¤jd®. ghiy¥ gh®¤J¡ bfh©nlïUªjh® fânurdh®. “V‹?” v‹W k‰wt®fŸ nf£ld®.ghÈš vW«ò »lªjJ. m‹nghL« kâ¥ò bfhL¤J«bfh©L tªJ it¤jij v©Â¥ gh®¡fhkš, “vW«ò»l¡»wJ. gh®¡fÉšiyah?” v‹W kidÉÆl« -jhÆl« - cwîfËl« - cztf¤âš tH§FeÇl« - Ó¿¢ádªJ vǪJ ÉGªJ gif¥ ng¢R ngRtJ gy® tH¡f«.Mdhš fânurdhnuh, eif¢Ritahf, “ghÈš ÓÅthr‹gŸË bfh©oU¡»wh‹” v‹wh®. ÓÅthr‹ v‹wJÓÅÆš thr« brŒí« vW«ò v‹gij¥ òǪJ bfh©LjÄœ e©g®fŸ áǤjd®. Fo¡f¤ bjhl§F«nghnjh‘CU« m¿a¡Fojh‹, mÇa Fojh‹’ v‹wh®. m¿ªJ
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102 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
bfh©nl v‹W« mÇjhd v‹W« eif¢RitahfCiuí« tH§»a ghiyí« F¿¤jjhš všnyhU«kWgoí« áǤjd®. ghÈš vW«ò Äjªjij eif¢Ritahf¡ T¿ajhš ånl k»œ¢áÆš ÄjªjJ.
goas¥gt‹ mâfhu«c Œ a ¡ b f h © l h ‹ â U k i y v ‹ D « C Ç š
fânurdh® e.K.nt.eh£lhUl‹ nfhÆš Fs¤J¡F¢br‹¿Uªjh®. fânurdh® Fs¥goÆš ïw§F«nghJcjÉahf, eh£lh®, “goÆšiy.. . goÆšiy” v‹Wmo¡fo v¢rÇ¡if T¿tªjh®. fânurdh®, “cyf¤J¡nfgoas¥gt‹ nfhÆÈš tªJ, VdŒah goÆšiy... goÆšiy v‹W TW»Ö®fŸ?” v‹wJ«, eh£lhU« cl‹tªjt®fS« áǤjd®.
fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‰F¢ brh‰bghÊth‰w¢br‹¿UªjnghJ ÉUªJ elªjJ. bgU«òyt® tujeŠira«ãŸis rhW (ïur«) mâf¡ fhukhf ïUªjjhšbrUÄdh®. clnd fânurdh®, “v‹d, ïur« mâfhukh?” v‹W nf£lJ«, mtuJ brhšÈÅik midtiuí« áǤJ k»Hit¤jJ.
Ôí« fiuahD«x‰WikÆ‹ikÆš bga®bg‰w jÄH®fŸ, mU£gh
kU£gh thj« nghy, f«guhkhaz¤ij vÇ¡f nt©L«,vÇ¡f¡ TlhJ v‹W ãsî g£oUªjd®. fânurdh® xUbrh‰bghÊÉš, “f«guhkhaz¤ij vÇ¡f KoahJ”v‹W T¿dh®. V‹? “ïuáfk o.nf.á., f«guhkhaz¥bgh‰fhRfis¡ bfh£Lth®. ïil¢ brUfš v‹Wbršyh¡fhRfis¤ ö¡» v¿th®, gly« glykhf¡ Tlv¿th®. ï¥gona v¿ªjhš k¡fS¡F¥ go¡F« bjhšiyí« ïuhJ. vÇ¡F« m‹g®fS¡F vÇ¡fî« x‹W«ïU¡fhJ” v‹W eif¢Ritahf¡ T¿dh®.,
“njthu« ghoÆU¡»nw‹, ghuh£o¥ ghÆu«vGâ¡ bfhL§fŸ” v‹W tªjh® X® miunt¡fhL.ghliy¡ f©L bfhâ¥gilªjhY« eif¢Ritahf“njthu« tªjJ nghš tu£L«, ghL»nw‹” v‹wh®.“v¥go?” “âšiy¥ gh®¥gd®fËl« bfhL¤J¡ fiuahD¡F¤ ÔÅ nghL§fŸ. Ûâ tªjhš ghÆu« ghL»nw‹.”
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103Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
tªjt® btªJnghŒÉ£lh®. jÄœ ieªJ nghfhkšj¥ã¤jJ. “brªjÄœ¤ jhŒ bg‰bwL¤j bršt®fânurdh® fhÉa« Mdh®. fhÉa« mtuhƉW” v‹Wghuh£Lth® âU.É.f.
âU.É.f. T¿aJnghš fÉP® Koaur‹ ïa‰¿a‘ó§bfho’ v‹D« fh¥ãa¤â‹ fUthdh®:
“áÇ¥ãU¡F« mt®thÆš; ngR« fhiyáªjidÆ‹ bjËÉU¡F« mt®K f¤âš!
ÉǤâU¡F« xËÆU¡F« ÉÊÆ u©oš!ÉÇbe‰¿ bghÈîbgw Ú¿ U¡F«!
gU¤âU¡F« fÊÆid¡if ão¤â U¡F«!gsgs¡F« m¡fÊÆš ó U¡F«!
ÉǤâU¡F« ÚŸÉǥ㚠mk®ªâ U¥ngh®ÉÊfS¡F Éa¥ãU¡F« fË¥ã U¡F«!”
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104 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
g©ojk K. fânur‹ br£oah®
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105Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
g©ojk K. fânur‹ br£oah®
ïa‰bga® : fânur‹
áw¥ò¥g£l§fŸ : g©ojk (nkiy¢átòÇr‹kh®¡f rig mˤjJ 27-08-1925) kfhknfhgh¤âaha (M§»ymuR mˤjJ 11-06-1942)
bg‰nwh® : áf¥ã M¢á, K¤J¡fU¥g‹ br£oah®
ãwªjehŸ : 16-10-1881
kiwªjehŸ : 24-10-1953
C® : k»ghy‹g£o (ó§F‹w«; fÂa‹ó§F‹wdh® ãwªj C®), fhiu¡ FomU»š.
kidÉ : Ûdh£á m«khŸ
fšÉ : nrhHtªjh‹ murŠr©KfdhÇl«jÄœ¡fšÉ, jUit ehuhazrh¤âÇahÇl« tlbkhÊ, fhiu¡ Fobrh¡fȧf IahÉl« rka¡fšÉ.
g : nkiy¢átòÇ r‹kh®¡f rig (15-03-1909 Kjš) nkiy¢átòÇ brªjÄœ¡fšÿǤ jÄœ¥nguháÇa® (1909 -1934); m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤ jÄœ¥ nguháÇa® (1934 Kjš),m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤jÄœ¤Jiw¤jiyt®, br‹id¥gšfiy¡fHf¤ jÄœ¤Jiw¤jiyt®, âUÉjh§T®¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤ jÄœ¤Jiw¤ jiyt®
cW¥ãd® : kJiu, fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f§fŸ,ahœ¥ghz« MÇa âuhÉl bkhÊts®¢á¢ r§f«.
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106 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gil¥òfŸ : ciueil¡nfhit 1,2; eh£L¡nfh£il efu¤jh® tuyhW, eh£L¡nfh£il efu¤jh® Ó®âU¤j«,g©ojk foj§fŸ, g©ojkÂghlšfŸ, g©ojk gâ‰W¥g¤jhªjhâ, âUthrf« fâ®kÂÉs¡fîiu
bkhÊbga®¥ò : cjaz rÇj«, Rnyhrid,k©Âaš áWnj® (ÄU¢r fofh),R¡»u Úâ (xser«), bfslÈa«(m®¤jrh¤âu«), khyâ khjt«,ãujhg U¤âu«, ïur f§fhju«.
![Page 107: br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ...4 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2 mªJiu nguháÇa® Kidt® kh. e‹d‹ ïª üyháÇa® âU gh. ïiwaurD¡F MáÇa® v‹D« KiwÆš ïªüY¡F¥ ghÆu« vGj](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060101/60b28ffb3c01e95a143eb026/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
107Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
39. òytU¡F¡ f£oa nfhÆš!
eoiffS¡F¡ nfhÆš f£o tÊgLtJ« eof®fË‹bt£LUî¡F¥ ghš KG¡fh£LtJ« rhuha KG¡fh£LtJ« ï‰iw¤ jÄœ kfÅ‹ g©ò; òytU¡F¡nfhÆš f£o tÊgLthdh v‹W Éa¥òl‹ mšyJIa¤Jl‹ nf£»Ö®fŸ! ntsh© FL«g¤âš ãwªJgfbyšyh« jªij¡F cWJizahf cHî brŒJ ïubtšyh« jÄœ go¤jtU«, jÄœ¡ fšÿÇ br‹W nr®ªJgo¡fhknyna jÅ¥go¥ã‹ _y« å£oÈUªnj go¤JMwh©L¤ jÄœ ïy¡»a¥ g£l¥go¥ig _‹wh©LfËnyna go¤J kJiu¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤ nj®î vGâ Kjškâ¥bg© bg‰W Kj‹ Kjyhf¤ ‘j§f¤njhlh’ gÇRbg‰wtU«, bghJk¡fisí« khzt®fisí« k£Lkšyhkš jÄH¿P®fisí« j« ng¢R¤ âw¤jhš f£o¥ngh£L ehty® v‹w g£l¤ij¥ bg‰wtU« M»ae.K.nt§flrhÄ eh£lhU¡F¤ âUitahW mU»š cŸseL¡fhÉÇ v‹D« CÇš FlKU£o M‰w§fiuÆšnfhÆš f£oÆU¡»wh®fŸ.
beonah‹át¥ãufhr« v‹W ãwªjîl‹ bgaÇl¥bg‰w
ït®, _¤jt® ïUt® FHªij¥ gUt¤ânyna ïwªjjhš,bg‰nwhuhš âUkiy (âU¥gâ) beonahÅ‹ mUŸnt©o nt§flrhÄ v‹W kh‰W¥ bga® ïl«bg‰wh®.jÄœ go¡fhknyna kHiya® go¥ò Kjš gšfiy¡fHf¥ go¥ò tiu go¤J¥ g£l« bgW« ïÊÃiy ï‹WjÄœeh£oš cŸsJ. e.K.nt. å£oÈUªJ jÄœ go¤njjÄœ MáÇauhf¥ gŸËÆY« fšÿÇÆY« gšfiy¡fHf¤âY« gÂah‰¿a bgUik¡FÇat®. ghuâahU«,g h © o ¤ J i u ¤ n j t U « f © l f d t h » a j Ä œ ¥gšfiy¡fHf« mika nt©L« v‹W e.K.nt. â£lm¿¡if mˤjh®. jÄÊd¤â‹ ö¡fKilikahšjÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf« cldoahf¤ bjhl§f¥glÉšiy.
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108 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
mt® beoa ÃÄ®ªj njh‰w« cilat®.Ú©l vL¥ghd _¡F« CLUÉ¥ gh®¡F« f©fS«bfh©lt®. guªj be‰¿Æš âUÚ‰W¥ g£ilí« eLÉšrªjd¥ bgh£L« it¤âU¥gh®. KHªjhŸ bjhL Ú©liffS« eL¤ju clšthF« bg‰wt®. jh®¥ghŒ¢á¡f£oa nt£oí«, fG¤njhL ïW»a F¥ghaK«(nfh£L), jiy¥ghifí« mªjt®. ty¡ifÆš át¥ò¡fš nkhâu« mªâU¥gh®. ml®ªj eW¡F Ûirí«cU©il¡ f©zhoí« rÇif¤J©L« e.K.nt. milahs§fŸ.
bjhl® jÄœbjhl¡f¥gŸË nk‰gh®itahsuhf ïUªj
I.rhÄehj KjÈah® v‹gt® jÄœ¥ g‰Wilat®.bjhl¡f¥gŸË MáÇa®fS¡F v‹W áw¥ò¡ T£l§fŸel¤â¤ jÄœ f‰ã¥gâš M®t« V‰gl¢ brŒth®.rhɤâÇ bt©gh v‹w üš ïa‰¿at®. mt® xUKiweL¡fhÉÇ¡F tªâUªjh®. g¡f¤âš cŸs ïs§fhL v‹wCÇš elªj T£l¤âš ngR«nghJ jk¡F¢ br›tªâòuhz¤âš ‘fdf¤jhdthÇ’ v‹w bjhlU¡F¥ bghUŸÉs§fÉšiy v‹W mt® bjÇɤjh®. fdf¤jhdt mÇvd¥ ãǤJ ïuÂaD¡F vâÇ vd¥ bghUŸ T¿dh®e.K.nt. ïjid¡ nf£L Éa¥ò« k»œî« bfh©lnk‰gh®itahs® kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤âš e.K.nt. jŤnj®tuhf¥ go¤J¥ g£l« bgW«go tÊfh£odh®.ïjdhš C¡f« bg‰W¥ go¤J¥ òyt® (g©oj«)g£l« bg‰w e.K.nt. gyiu¤ jÄÊy¡»a tšYe®fshfcUth¡F« nguháÇa¥ bgUkfdhuhdh®.
Ia« ngh¡»e.K.nt. khzt®fS¡F« k‰w MáÇa®fS¡F«
V‰gL« Ia§fis¥ ngh¡» mUªjÄÊš òyik ts®¤jt®. óthq® irt á¤jhªj rig¡ T£l¤âš âU.É.f.ngr¤ bjhl§»anghJ Ia« nf£gjhf¢ áy® vGªJngá¡ bfh©nl ïUªjjhš FH¥g« ne®ªjJ. e.K.nt.JªJ jiyÆ£L “Ia§fis¤ J©L¤jhËš vGâ¡bfhL§fŸ; ïWâahf eh‹ Ia« ngh¡»¤ bjËî jUnt‹” v‹wh®. mjdhš T£l« mikâahf el¡f¤bjhl§»aJ.
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109Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ghuâ¡F¥ ghl«xUehŸ ïuî e.K.nt. j‹ å£oš rhŒî eh‰fhÈÆš
mk®ªâUªjh®. m¥nghJ K©lhR¡ f£o¡ bfh©Lr£il ïšyhkš bgÇa ngh®itia¥ ngh®¤â¡bfh©L xUt® tªjh®. jh« xU fÉP® v‹W m¿Kf¥gL¤â¡bfh©L áy¥gâfhu« g‰¿¢ brhšy¢ brhšÈ¡nf£L¡ bfh©L ïunthL ïuthf¥ nghŒÉ£lh®.mt®jh‹ ghuâah®! ïªj Ãfœ¢áÆ‹ e«gf¤j‹ikg‰¿¢ áy® IíWt®. Mdhš 1912-ïš ghuâah® jŠrhñ®¤bjhl®t©o Ãiya¤âš ïw§»dh® v‹W csî¤JiwÆ‹ F¿¥ò cŸsJ. k‹dh®Fo¡F mU»š cŸsnkyehif v‹w á‰ùÇš muɪjÇ‹ e©guJ å£o‹_‹wh« khoÆš (炙UªJ »z‰¿š Ú® vL¡fyh«)FâU¡FŸ gJ§» ïu©L _‹WehŸ ïUªjh® v‹wbrŒâí« cŸsJ. âUth%® tªâUªjh® v‹w F¿¥ò«cŸsJ. vdnt, e.K.nt. mt®fËl« ‘nru‹ j«ã áy«igïir¤j, áw¥ig¥ ghuâah® ÉÇthf¡ nf£oU¡fyh«.
òyt® tuyhWâUkz« bršt nfrtuha KjÈah® âUtŸSt®,
f«g® vd¥ òyt® tuyhW« ïy¡»a¤ âwD« TW«üšfŸ vGâíŸsh®. m›tifÆš e.K.nt. e¡Ñu®, fãy®v‹w üšfŸ vGâíŸsh®. ‘mf¤âa®’ v‹w jiy¥ãšbrªjÄœ¢ bršÉ ïjÊš vGâdh®. m¡f£LiufŸüyhfÉšiy. fŸs®rǤâu«, nrhH® rǤâu« v‹wtuyh‰W üšfisí« vGâíŸsh®. fŸs® rǤâu«F¿¥ã£l rhâ tuyhwhf ïšyhkš jÄHf k¡fË‹ Fytuyhwhfî« g£l¥bga®fŸ g‰¿a tuyh‰W MŒthfî« És§F»‹wJ.
ciuaháÇa®áwªj MáÇauhfî«, tšyik thŒªj ng¢rhs
uhfî«, tuyh‰W üyháÇauhfî«, âwdhŒî¡ f£Liuahsuhfî« âfœªj e.K.nt. jÄœ ïy¡fz§fS¡F«ïy¡»a§fS¡F« ca®ªj bjËthd vËa ciufŸvGâíŸsh®. áy¥gâfhu¤J¡F« kÂnkfiy¡F« ït®vGâa ciufŸ MŒî¤âw‹ ÄFªjit. vËait v‹WfUj¥bgW« M¤âNo KjÈa Úâ üšfS¡F« ciu
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110 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
vG⤠bjËî jªjh®. ït® j« ciuÆš ãw ïy¡»a¢brŒâfË‹ x¥ÕL, ïy¡fz¤ bjËî, jÄÊirÉs¡f«, jÄHf tuyh‰¿‹ m¿a¥bgwhj gFâfŸ,jÄÊ‹ nk‹ik M»ad És¡»¢ brhšth®.
tuyh‰w¿P®e.K.nt ïy¡»a«, ïy¡fz«, ciu, tuyhW,
MŒî, jÄœ¡fšÉ vd¥ gyÃiyfËš ghLg£lt®.ïuh. ïuhfita§fh® f%®jh‹ nru® jiyef® v‹WT¿anghJ, e.K.nt. âUtŠir¡fs«jh‹ nru® tŠáv‹W MŒî Koî T¿dh®. K.ïuhfita§fh® jÄœeh£o‹ ntË® v‹w FWÃy k‹d®fis MÇa® v‹WvGâdh®. e.K.nt. mjid kW¤J, ntË® jÄÊd¤ij¢rh®ªjt®fns v‹W ÃWÉdh®. “K. ïuhfita§fhÇ‹ntË® tuyh‰iw MuhŒ¢áahš åába¿ªjt® ehty®e.K.nt§flrhÄ eh£lh® Mth®” v‹W ghthz®ghuh£Lth®.
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111Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ehty® e.K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lh®
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112 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ehty® e.K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lh®
ïa‰bga® : át¥ãufhr« (v) nt§flrhÄ
áw¥ò¥g£l« : ehty® (br‹id khÃy¤ jÄœ¢ r§f«mˤjJ: 24-10-1940)
bg‰nwh® : ijy«khŸ, å. K¤JrhÄ eh£lh®
ãwªjehŸ : 12-04-1884
kiwªj ehŸ : 28-03-1944
ãwªj C® : âUitahW mU»š eL¡fhÉÇ
fšÉ : eL¡fhÉÇ - bjhl¡f¥gŸË¡ fšÉ;â©iz¥ gŸË¡ fšÉ; tšy«FUrhÄ MáÇaÇl« - jªijÆl«jÄœ¡fšÉ; á¿a jªijbrh¡fȧf eh£lhÇl« ïir -jÅ¥go¥ò: kJiu¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤â‹ - ãuntr, ghy, g©oj(6 M©L) nj®îfŸ: _‹nwM©oš (1905, 1906, 1907) - Kjškâ¥bg©; j§f¤ njhlh gÇR.
g : âU¢áuh¥gŸË vR.ã.Í. (ãr¥ <g®)fšÿÇ (1908), nfhit ik¡nfšca®Ãiy¥gŸË (1909-1910),âU¢á vR.ã.Í. fšÿÇ (1910-1933)jÄHháÇa®, m©zhkiy¥gšfiy¡fHf« (1933-1940)ÉÇîiuahs®; fuªij¥òyt®fšÿÇ (1940-1944) Kjšt®.
gil¥òfŸ : ntË®tuyh‰¿‹ MuhŒ¢á, fŸs®rǤâu«, nrhH® rǤâu«, f©z»Æ‹ tuyhW« f‰ò kh©ò«,f£Liu¤ âu£L, e¡Ñu®, fãy®.
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113Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
mf¤âa® (brªjÄœ¢ bršÉ ïjÊšf£LiufŸ)
ciufŸ : M¤âNo, bfh‹iwntªj‹,_Jiu, eštÊ, e‹bd¿,bt‰¿nt‰if, fh®eh‰gJ,fstÊeh‰gJ, mfeh}W,áy¥gâfhu«, kÂnkfiy,guŠnrhâah®âUÉisahl‰òuhz«, mf¤âa®njthu¤ âu£L KjÈa üšfS¡FciufŸ, j©oay§fhuciu¤âU¤j«, ah¥gU§fy¡fhÇifciu¤âU¤j«.
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114 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
40. r¤âu¤J¢ nrhW« rk‰»UjK«!
gh©o¤Jiu¤njt® kJiuÆš eh‹fh« jÄœ¢r§f« mik¡f¤ âU¥ghâÇ¥òÈô® PhÅahuofŸö©Ljš Mth®. kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f« mik¡f¤Jizahf ïy¡fz¡flš murŠr©Kfdh®, fuªij Ú.fªjrhÄ¥ ãŸis, jÄHntŸ ckh knfRtudh®KjÈnah® cjÉd®. kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ x‹gjhtJM©L ÉHh jÄHf« v§F« F¿¥ghf¤ jŠirÆšáw¥ghf¡ bfh©lhl¥ bg‰wJ. ïjdhš ö©Ljšbg‰W murŠ r©KfdhÇ‹ e©g® òyt® É. rhÄehj¥ãŸis jŠirÆš jÄœ¢r§f« bjhl§»dh®. ï¢r§f¤âÈUªJ ïisP®fŸ áy® ïuhjh»U£oz¥ ãŸisjiyikÆš ãǪJ fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f« bjhl§»d®.ïuhjh»U£oz¥ ãŸisÆ‹ m©z‹ j.nt. ckhknfRtudh® r§f¤â‹ jiytuhf¤ nj®ªbjL¡f¥bg‰wh®. fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤ij 14-05-1911-ïš e.K.nt.eh£lh® jiyikÆš elªj ÉHhÉš PhÅahuofŸjh‹bjhl§» it¤jh®. fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f btŸË ÉHhÉY« (16-04-1938) g§nf‰W¡ fuªij¤ jÄœ¡ fšÿÇia¤bjhl§»dh®. PhÅahuofŸ ehŸnjhW« KUf¥bgUkhid tÊgLifÆš jÄHntS« fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§fK« áwªJ És§f nt©o¡ bfhŸthuh«.
tH¡F¢ bršt«kÆyhLJiw ntjehaf®, ehty® nrhkRªju
ghuâah®, t.c.á., o.nf.á., ïuh.ã.nrJ¥ãŸis, át¡fÉk á.f.R¥ãukÂa® KjÈnah® tH¡FiuP®fshfÉs§»aJl‹, jÄœ¤ bjh©l®fshfî« âfœªnjh®Mt®. m›tÇirÆš jŠir ÓÅthr‹ ãŸisí«mtÇl« gƉá tH¡FiuPuhf ïUªj jÄHntS«,jÄHntË‹ e©g® M.jh. (V.o.) g‹Ü® brštK«És§F»‹wd®. k‰w jÄH¿P®fis¥ nghy ne®ikahdtH¡Ffis k£Lnk vL¤J el¤JtJ jÄHntË‹
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115Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
tH¡f«. r£l EQ¡f§fis MŒî brŒJ, r£lÉâfis¡F¿¤J¡ bfh©L, c©ikahd rh£áfis k£L« V‰W¡bfh©L Kiwahf tH¡F¡ F¿¥ngL (f£L) vGâ it¤J¡ bfh©Ljh‹ tH¡fhLth®. m¡F¿¥ngLfis¥gh®¤J xU f‰W¡F£o Tl gy M©LfŸ br‹w ã‹dU« Tl tH¡fho btšyKoí«. ViHfS¡F ïytakhftH¡fhL« g©òŸst® jÄHntŸ. ïtU¡F¥ gz eh£l«ïšyhjjhš Kiwahf tH¡F¡ f£lz¤ij k£L«th§»¡ bfhŸS« bghW¥ig¤ j« cjÉahsÇl«x¥gil¤âUªjh®.
k‰wt®fŸ vL¤J tH¡fhl¤ ja§»a F«gnfhz«F¥òrhÄIa® tH¡»š ït® bt‰¿ bg‰wJ«, Úâ¡f£á¡fhf tH¡fhoaJ«, fuªij¡ fÉauR nt§flhry«ãŸisÆ‹ j«ã¡fhf tH¡fhoaJ« ïtU¡F¥ òfœnr®¤jd. brštK« nr®ªjJ. tH¡fho¥ bg‰w bršt¤ij mw¢ brašfS¡F mŸË tH§»dh®. mnjneu¤âš, fl‹ th§FtJ F‰w«, fl‹ bfhL¥gJ« F‰w«v‹w fU¤Jilat®.
f£á¤ bjh©LM§»nya M£áahsiu m©o¥ ãiH¤j gh®¥
gd®fŸ k‰w rhâÆdiu¤ jhœ¤â it¤âUªjjhšãuhkz® mšyhjh® ïa¡f« njh‹¿, ‘Úâ¡f£á’ (1917)M»aJ. jŠir kht£l¤âš mjid f£o¡ fh¤jt®fŸjÄHntS«, M.jh. g‹Ü®¢ brštK« Mt®. jÄœeh£o‹ bgU«ghyhd cŸsh£á mik¥òfis Úâ¡f£á if¥g‰¿aJ. jŠir kht£l¡ fHf¤â‹ (ngh®L)jiytuhf M.jh. g‹Ü®brštK« t£l¡ fHf¤â‹jiytuhf¤ jÄHntS« nj®ªbjL¡f¥ bg‰wd®.
jÄHntŸ jŠiria¢ R‰¿Y« cŸs mid¤J¢á‰ù®fS¡F« rhiy mik¤jh®. bjhl¡f¥ gŸËfŸ,bgUf¢ brŒjh®. MáÇa®fŸ, khzt®fŸ, gŸËfŸ,fšÉ¤ju« nk«gl¥ ghLg£lh®. gÂÆš ã‹ j§Fnthiuí« Vkh‰Wnthiuí« f©o¤jh®. T£Lwî¤JiwÆš <LghL bfh©L fuªij¡ T£Lwî t§» (1919),T£Lwî Ãyts t§» (1926), jŠir kht£l¡ T£Lwî¥ghš c‰g¤âahs®fŸ r§f« ( 1939) KjÈat‰iwmik¤jh®.
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116 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
âUitah‰iw¢ rh®ªJ eilbgW« VG®¤ âUÉHhÉ‹ nghJ k¡fŸ rhiyfË‹¿ tašfËY« tu¥òfËY« gšy¡Ffis¤ ö¡»¡ bfh©L bršt®. nkšr£ilí« fhÈš brU¥ò« mÂahkš m›ÉHhÉšbghJk¡fSl‹ M©LnjhW« elªJ bršY« jÄHntŸ, ešy rhiyfŸ mik¤J¡ bfhL¤jh®. fhnuhlf¢nrÇ (bfhulh¢nrÇ) kl¤â‹ thiyahdªj mofshÇl¤âš á¤jhªj¥ ghl« nf£lh®. br§f‰g£L ‘RakÇahij’ kheh£oš (1929) flîŸ bgauhš xU fhR«bryî brŒa¡TlhJ v‹W Ô®khd« Ãiwnt‰w¥ g£lJ.ïJ j« fU¤J¡F cl‹ghL ïšyhjjhš Úâ¡f£áÆÈUªJ Éy»dh®.
jÄG¡F ïlÄšiyâUitah‰¿š fhÉÇ¡fiu Xu¤âš á¿a mu©
kidÆš ïUªj r¤âu¤âš gh®¥gd®fS¡F ïytakhf¢nrhW ngh£L tlbkhÊ (rk‰»Uj«) f‰ã¤J tªjd®.jÄœ f‰ã¡f nt©L« v‹W Úâ¡ f£áÆduh»a M.jh.g‹Ü®brštK« jÄHntS« T¿d®. jÄœ TlhJ v‹Wgh®¥gd®fŸ tH¡»£ld®. g‹Ü® brštK« jÄHntS« jÄG¡fhf thjhod®.
“runghÍ k‹d® vGâ it¤jJ ïªj mu©kid.ï§F ntj« k£Lnk brhšÈ¤ jUnth«”
“bjY§F ïir V‹ brhšÈ¤ jU»Ö®fŸ?”
“âahifa® ï§nfjh‹ ghodh®”
“ntj« k£L«jhnd brhšÈ¤ju k‹d® vGâÆU¡»wh®?”
“ntjK« fyh rh¤âu§fS« v‹W vG¤âšïU¡»wJ”
“m¥goah? fiy rh¤âu§fËš jÄœ ïy¡»a§fS« ml§F«”
“c«... c«... e‹dh ‘M§»nur’ (M§»y«) go¢R£Lkl¡»nwŸ, Ú§fŸ eh¤âf®... ‘Úâ¡f£á’! jÄœ¥ òuhz§fis ntzh brhšÈ¡ bfhL¡fyh«. Mdh ‘ãuh«zhŸ’k£L«jh‹ go¡fyh«”
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117Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
“â‹d¢ nrhW« tif tifahŒ¡ fhŒf¿fS« tÊatÊa beŒí« jÆU« ghY« eh§fŸ ciH¤J c©lh¡»¤jªjhš ïytakhŒ¤ â‹ngŸ! thu« njhW« jiy¡F¡FË¡f ešby©bzŒí« miu¥ò¤ öS«, khj¤J¡Fïu©L nt£oí« J©L« jU»nwh«. eh§fŸ k£L«go¡f¡TlhJ. cŸnsna EiHa¡ TlhJ! rÇ... ehjRuK«nksK« k‰wt®fS¡F¢ brhšÈ¤ jU»Ö®fns?”
“r§Ñj« (ïir) ghl mbjšyh« nt©Lnk!N¤âuhis¢ r¤âu¤J¡F btËÆny c£fhu it¢R¤jh‹ f‰W¤ j®nuh«...”
“ïuÆÈš x‹whf c£fh®ªJjh‹ ngh»Ö®fŸ.gŸË¡ Tl§fËš eh§fŸ cŸnsjh‹ c£fh®ªJgo¡»nwh«. mjdhš všyh¢ rhâÆdU« jÄœ go¡ffd« nfh®£lh® c¤juÉl nt©L«” v‹W thâ£lh®g‹Ü®bršt«. jÄœ f‰ã¡fyh« vd¤ Ô®¥ghƉW.
r§f¤ jÄH®kidÉ ïwªjã‹ kWkz¤â‰F cwÉd®fŸ
t‰òW¤âí« ‘ï‹bdhU å£L¡F kUkfdhf¢ bršykh£nl‹’, v‹W eif¢Ritíl‹ kW¤JÉ£lh®; m¤Jl‹ f©zhoK‹ ËW x¥gid brŒJ bfhŸtijí« ifÉ£lh®. kidÉiaí« ãŸisfŸ ïUtiuí« g¿bfhL¤J¤ j« FL«g thœÉaÈš J‹g¥g£lhY« bghJ¤ bjh©oš bjhl®ªJ ciH¤jh®jÄHntŸ. fhiyÆš tH¡F k‹w¤âš KG <Lgh£Ll‹tH¡fho Ko¥gh®. khiyÆš tH¡F g‰¿ ah® tªjhY«ngrkh£lh®. KGJ« jÄœ¢ r§f¥ gÂfËš <LgLth®.fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ rh®ãš jÄœ¡ fšÿÇ V‰gL¤â¥ gšfiy¡fHf x¥òjiy¥ ghLg£L¥ bg‰wh®.ViH khzt®fS¡F ïyta¤ j§FÄlK« ò¤jf§fS«tH§»dh®. â¡f‰w khzt® ïšy«, ïyta kU¤Jtkid, üyf«, bjhl¡f¥ gŸË, ca®Ãiy¥gŸË, brªjÄœ¡ if¤bjhʉ fšÿÇ KjÈat‰iwí« r§f tshf¤âš mik¤jh®.
‘jÄœ¥bghÊš’ v‹w ïy¡»a khj ïjiH¤ (1925-26) jÄHntŸ bjhl§»dh®. $kh‹, $kâ, g¤âuháÇa®,rªjh, Éyhr«, É.ã.ã. KjÈa ãw bkhÊ¢ brh‰fis
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118 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ïjœfŸ ga‹gL¤â tªjd; mt‰iw¤ jÉ®¤J âUths®âUth£o, bghʉbwh©l®, ifbah¥g¤ bjhif,ciwíŸ, Éiy bfhS« mŠrš v‹w jŤ jÄœ¢brh‰fis¥ ga‹gL¤âdh®. jÄHntŸ ãwbkhÊ¢brh‰fis¥ ng¢áY« fy¡f¡TlhJ v‹W cWânahLjŤjÄiH¥ gu¥ãdh®. nrhH‹ ó§fh, gh©oa‹ ÚHš,nru‹ Éisah£lu§f« vd¤ jÄœ¢ r§f tshf¤âšešy jÄœ¥ bga®fns N£odh®. bjhšfh¥ãa¤ij¥ãiHaw¥ gâ¥ã¤jJ« ÉòyhdªjÇ‹ ahœüš btËÆ£lJ« fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‰F¥ bgUik nr®¥gd.
jÄœ¥ òyt® tuyhWfis Mtz¥gL¤â btËÆlKidªjJ« jÄHntË‹ â£l« MF«. jÄG¡F« jÄH®fS¡F« e‹ik jU« nfhÇ¡iffis K‹it¤J MáÇaîiu (jiya§f«) vGâdh®. jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf«mik¡f¥gl nt©L« vd 1925-ïš jÄHntŸ t‰òW¤âtªjh®. mj‰fhf mik¡f¥g£l bra‰FGÉš br‹idkhÃy mik¢ruhf ïUªj âth‹ gfö® o.v‹.átPhd«jiytuhf ïUªjh®. jÄœ go¤jt®fS¡F ‘ɤJth‹’vd tlbkhÊÆš g£l« jUtij¥ ‘òyt®’ vd¤ jÄÊšmË¡f¢ brŒjh®. (ï‹W ‘ã.È£’ vd M§»y¤âškh‰¿É£ld®. ÉiuÉš ïªâÆš mšyJ tlbkhÊÆškh¿dhY« khwyh«). jÄHntŸ ïuåªâuehjjhTÇ‹‘rhªâ Ãnfj‹’ ngh‹W jÄœ¢ r§f¤ijí« ts®¤bjL¡f,mjid¥ gh®¡f¢ br‹wh®. tÊÆš fhŒ¢rš c‰Wmnah¤â mUnf ‘igrhgh¤J’ v‹D« bjhl®t©oÃiya¤âš ïw§» ‘Fwá’ kU¤JtkidÆš nr®¡f¥bg‰W cÆ® Jwªjh®.
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119Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtu®
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120 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtu®
ïa‰bga® : ckhknfRtu‹
áw¥ò¥ bga® : brªjÄœ¥òuty® (nk 1933,PhÅahuofŸ j« kÂÉHhÉšmˤjJ), ïuh› rh»ò (1935:M§»y ïªâa muR mˤjJ),jÄHntŸ (15-04-1938: ehty®,r.nrh.ghuâah® mˤjJ)
bg‰nwh® : fhkh£á m«ikah®, nt«g¥ ãŸis
ãwªj ehŸ : 07-05-1883
kiwªj ehŸ : 09-05-1941
ãwªj C® : jŠiria¢ rh®ªj fuªij(fUªâ£il¡Fo)
fšÉ : tšy« - bjhl¡f¡ fšÉ,F«gnfhz« - gŸË¡fšÉ, 3M«got« tiu; jŠir - öa ngJUfšÿÇ: 4 M« got« Kjšïs§fiy (ã.V.tiu); br‹id -r£l¡fšÿÇ: ïs« r£lÉaš(ã.vš)
g : jŠir kht£l M£áa® mYtyfvG¤j®, tH¡FiuP® (32 M©LfŸ),muR TLjš tH¡FiuP®, jŠirt£l¡ fHf¤ jiyt®, fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤ jiyt® (14-05-1911 Kjš),fuªij¥ òyt® fšÿÇ ÃWtd® (16-04-1938)
gil¥òfŸ : jÄœ¥ bghÊš ïjÊš:MáÇaîiufŸ, kâ¥òiufŸ,
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121Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fl‰bryî (iguÅ‹ ‘thna{‘M§»y¡ f£LiuÆ‹bkhÊbga®¥ò)
gâ¥òfŸ : ahœüš, e¡Ñu®, fãy®,bjhšfh¥ãa«, jÄHuá¡ FwtŠá,átK« brªjÄG«, fuªij¡f£Liu¡ nfhit, ïªâa¤ jyah¤âiu, guj rh¤âu« KjÈad.
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122 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
41. mtŸ ngh£l fz¡F!
âUitahW. fhÉÇ M‰w§fiuÆš á¿a mu©kid.kuh£oa k‹d‹ rungháÆ‹ á¿a mu©kid. m‹dr¤âukh¡» mj‰F Ãy§fS« vGâ it¤âUªjh‹k‹d‹. ntj rh¤âu§fŸ go¥gt®¡F« ïuhnkRtu«fhá bršnthU¡F« r¤âu¤âš nrhW ïyta«. M.jh.g‹Ü®brštK« jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtudhU« m¢r¤âu¤âš jÄG« f‰ã¡f¥ nghuho bt‰¿ bg‰wd®. mur®fšÿÇ v‹w bgaÇš ïa§» m¢r¤âu¤âš rk‰»Uj«,jÄœ, bjY§F, ïir, nks«, bgUt§»a« (ehjRu«)f‰W¤ju¥ bg‰wd. jÄHntË‹ e©gU«, fuªij¤jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ brayhsU« M»a fuªij¡ fÉauRnt§flhry« ãŸis âUitah‰W¡ fšÿÇÆšjÄœ¥ nguháÇa® Mdh®. rk‰»Uj« bjǪj gh®¥gdMáÇa®fisí« M§»y« bjǪj »¿¤Jt¡ FUkh®MáÇa®fisí« kâ¤j jÄH®fŸ j« ïd¤J¡ fz¡fh a® fS ¡F ¡ (bjhl¡f¡fšÉ MáÇa®) bfhL¤jkâ¥ig¡ Tl¤ jÄHháÇa®fS¡F¤ jUtâšiy.eif¢Rit¡FÇa gh¤âu§fshf, nfhkhËfshf, m¡fhyïjœfS« òâd§fS«, ehlf§fS«, âiu¥gl§fS«,jÄHháÇa®fis¢ á¤âǤjd. jÄœ¥ nguháÇauh»afÉauR eif¢Rit bgh§f¥ ghl« el¤Jthnu jÉunjh‰w¤âY« M‰wÈY« tšyt®.
ïy¡fz«âUitahW mu©kidÆ‹ nkš khl¤â‰F¥
nghdhš âU«ã tu tÊ bjÇahkš FH«g nt©otU«.m¤jid miwfŸ, khl§fŸ, thÆšfŸ, fjîfŸ! ã‹òw«Äf Úskhd go¤Jiw. M©fS¡F« bg©fS¡F«jŤjÅna FË¡f¢ Rt® it¤J¤ jL¤âUªjh®fŸ. nkškhl¤âÈUªJ gh®¤jhš fhÉÇ ÚU« m¡fiuÆš cŸsgRŠnrhiyfS« bjÇí«. fÉaur® bgÇa eh‰fhÈÆšmk®ªâU¡»wh®. M«! mªj mu©kidjh‹ r¤âuK«
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123Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fšÿÇí«. ïy¡»a§fis k£Lkšy, ïy¡fz§fisí«Ritíl‹ el¤Jth® fÉauR.
fÇa nkÅí« eiu¤j Ûirí« rªjd¥ bgh£L«,ÃÄ®ªj njh‰wK« jiy¥ghifí« J©L« btŸshilí« mikªj eilí« cilat®. r§f ïy¡»a¥ghlšfis k£LkšyhJ ïy¡fz§fisí« F¿¥ghf¤bjhšfh¥ãa¤ijí« kd¥ghlkhf ü‰gh v©nzhLbrhšy¡ Toat®. ciufS« Tl mtU¡F kd¥ghl«.btW« ghlkhf V£L¢ Riu¡fhahf¡ f‰W¤ juhkšthœÉaš áªjidfSl‹ eif¢Rit jJ«g¥ ghl«el¤Jth®. všyh khzt®fS« kd« É£L thŒÉ£L¢áǤJ k»G«nghJ áyrka« jhK« bjhªâ FY§f¢áÇ¥gh®.
ïy¡fz« v‹whny ãyh¡fz« v‹W mŠá Xodhuh« ghuâah®. ïy¡fz« v‹whš gyh¢Ris v‹WvL¤J¤ njÅš njhŒ¤J mˤjh® fÉauR. F‰¿aYfu«v‹gJ x‰Wik ea«; cÆ®bkŒ v‹gJ nt‰Wik ea«v‹D« fU¤J¡F vL¤J¡fh£lhf X® Ãfœ¢áia¡T¿dh®. òJ¡nfh£il k‹d® gh®¥gd®fS¡F ïytant£o, nriy mˤjh®. mjid th§f gh®¥gd¥ bg©,kfDl‹ bjhl®t©oÆš br‹whŸ. MŒths® tªJÓ£L nf£lbghGJ koÆš kfid it¤J¡ bfh©L‘eh‹ k£L«jh‹, koÆš ïU¥gJ áWFHªij’ v‹whŸmu©kidÆš gh®¥gd¥ bg© jd¡F¥ òlití« j‹FHªij¡F¤ jÅna á‰whilí«, fUU¡»w j‹tƉiw¡ fh£o ï‹bdhU á‰whilí« vd _‹Wbfhil th§»dhŸ. mtŸ ngh£l fz¡F KjÈšx‹W« x‹W« x‹wh»aJ! ã‹ x›bth‹whf _‹WM»aJ! jd¡F« FHªij¡F« xU Ó£L v‹wJ x‰Wikea«, _‹W bfhil th§»aJ nt‰Wik ea« v‹wh®fÉauR. ï¥go el¤âdhš ïy¡fz« fr¡Fkh?
fuªijfuªijÆÈUªJ âUitah‰W¡F¡ Fâiut©oÆš
fÉauR nghŒ¡ bfh©oUªjh®. Äf Éiuthf t©oiat©onah£o X£oajhš xU bgÇa gŸs¤âš ÉGªJvGªjJ t©o. cŸns ïUªj fÉauR t©onah£oÆl« nf£lh®. “Vd¥gh, xU behoÆš bfh©L nghŒ
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124 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ÉL»nw‹ v‹wJ ïJjhdh?” v‹wh®. beho v‹gJgŸs¤ijí« F¿¤jjhš e©g®fŸ áǤjd®. fuªijv‹gJ fUªâ£il¡FoÆ‹ k%c bkhÊ¥bga®. fuªijv‹w óÉ‹ bga® òw¤âiz mo¥gilÆš Û£liy¡F¿¡F«. jÄÊ‹ bgUikiaí« ts®¢áiaí« Û£F«gÂÆš fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤ijna j« thœthf¡bfh©L ciH¤jh® fÉauR. r§f mik¢ruhfî« r§f¤JïjHh»a jÄœ¥bghÊš MáÇauhfî« ïuî gfš ghLg£lt® mt®. fuªijÆš mt® FoÆUªjh®. e©g®xUt®, “rhif fuªijÆš jhnd?” v‹W nf£lh®. rhifv‹w brhš (#hif) FoÆU¥gij¡ F¿¡F«, jÄÊš rhjšv‹w bghUS« jU«. Mjyhš, ‘M«.. . M«.. . rhiffuªijÆšjh‹” v‹wh® fÉauR. rhif v‹wJ rh«nghJ« jÄœ go¤J¢ rhF« tiu fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤J¡F¤ bjh©L brŒJ thœnt‹ v‹w bghUËšeif¢Ritíl‹ T¿dh® vÅš mt® jÄœ¥ g‰iwv‹bd‹gJ!
bga® ÉiHah‹c.nt.rh. xUKiw âU¡fh£L¥gŸË¡F tªâUªjh®.
e.K.nt. eh£lhU« fÉauR« áy¥gâfhu ciu vGâ¡bfh©oUªjd®. fÉauá‹ khzt® xsit JiurhÄ¥ãŸisí« jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtudhU« m¥nghJcl‹ ïUªjd®. njŸ bfh£oajhš kUªJ©L nj¿ae©g® xUt®, “fo¤j thŒjh‹ fL¡»wJ” v‹wh®. “foí«fL¡»wJ« x‹Wjhnd?” v‹W jÄH ntŸ nf£lh®.jÄœ¤jh¤jh fÉauriu¥ gh®¤jh®. fÉauR j« khztiu¥ gh®¤J, ‘Ú® brhšY«’ v‹W jiyah£odh®.xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis “fo v‹D« cÇ¢brhšfL¡»wJ vd¤ âǪJ Éid MƉW. ‘fL¤jJ fh£L«Kf«’ v‹wh‰ nghš!” v‹W T¿dh®. jÄœ¤jh¤jhclnd, ‘fÉaurÇl« ïy¡fz« f‰wt® v‹W ÃWÉÜ®fŸ. vL¤J¡ fh£L¡fSl‹ ïÅikahd ïy¡fz«f‰ã¥gt® v‹whš fÉauRjh‹” v‹W ghuh£odh®.nkY«, “Ótf áªjhkÂia eh‹ gâ¥ã¤jnghJbghwhikahš gy® Fiw T¿ vGâdh®fŸ. Mdhšc©ikÆnyna âU¤j§fis vL¤J¡ fh£o¥ ‘bga®ÉiHah‹’ v‹w òidbgaÇš fÉauR klš mD¥ãÆUªjh®. v‹idna âU¤âa bgU«òyt® v‹w òfœ
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125Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nt©lhbk‹W j‹dl¡f¤jhš bga® vGjÉšiy”v‹W gythW ghuh£odh® c.nt.rh.
jŤjÄœfuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤â‹ Äf¥bgU« g jŤ
jÄiH¥ gu¥ãajhF«. jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtudhU«fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f ïjG« fšÿÇí« jŤjÄÊšC‰w§bfhŸs¡ fÉauá‹ vG¤J« ng¢R« ö©lšMF«. gh.nt. kh¡feha¡fU« jŤjÄœ gu¥ã tªjh®.‘ãnunuã¡»nw‹’ nghŒ ‘K‹bkhÊ»nw‹’ v‹W«‘Ô®khd«’ nghŒ ‘Koî’ v‹W« tªjd. “ngh#d«MƉwh? vd¡ nf£gJ jÄœ kuò” v‹W vGâac.nt.rh.jÄœ¥ bghÊÈ‹ vG¤J¤ jh¡FjY¡F Mshdh®.“c©ik¤ jÄH® x›bthUtU« jh«jh« ngR§fhY«vGJ§fhY« jÄœ¢ brh‰fisna vL¤jhSjš jkJflik v‹W cWâ bfhŸsš nt©L«. áwh® Kjš »Ht®<whf cŸsh® ahtU« ãwbkhÊ¡ fy¥ãid v›th‰whD« nt©lhJ É£blhʤjiy¡ fldhf¡bfhŸsš nt©L« v‹W fÉauR ‘jÄœ¥ bghÊš’ïjÊš vGâdh®.
m¿Éaš jÄœcHî, berî, f£ll« KjÈa bjhÊš E£g§
fËY« kU¤Jt«, thÅaš KjÈa m¿Éaš JiwfËY« gšyhÆu« M©LfS¡F K‹ãUªnj M‰wšbg‰W És§»at®fŸ jÄœ ïd¤jh®. bgh¿Æaš,kU¤Jt E£g§fis¤ jÄœ ïy¡»a§fŸ T¿íŸsdv‹gnjhL jÄHhš jÄÊš - jÄœ bkhÊÆš Twî«Koí« v‹W gh.nt. kh¡feha¡fU«, fÉauR«És¡»íŸsd®. bgh¿Æaš E£g§fis És¡Ftj‰Fmo¥gil, ‘fz¡»aš’ MF«. m‹W Ãyî xËg‰¿í«t©L vG¥ò« xÈ mšyJ ïir v‹gJ mj‹ áiwfŸ(ïw¡iffŸ) vG¥ò« Xir v‹W« m¿Éaš brŒâfism¿ªâUªjd®. kÂ¥bgh¿ ïšyhj gH§fhy¤âšbtÆyhš V‰gL« ÃHiy¡ bfh©L fz¡»£l m¿ÉašE£g¤ijí« fÉauR vGâíŸsh®. “bg©z¿bt‹gJbgU« ngijik¤nj” v‹D« mo¡F És¡fkhf¥ bg©z¿î vd¤ jhœthf¡ TWtJ bgU« K£lhŸ j‹ikahF« v‹wh® fÉauR.
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126 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
fšÉ¤jÄœM§»y¡ fšÉahš jÄœ¡ FHªijfŸ Ó®bfL
»‹wd. ïjid, “Inah! IªJ taânyna j§F jilÆ‹¿¥ ngr¡f‰¿Uªj jhŒbkhÊÆš ï¥nghJ ngRtj‰F¤ j«khš ïayhJ v‹»‹wdnu! M§»y« go¤jthœîjh‹ v‹nd!” v‹W tUªâ vGâíŸsh®. fuªij¤jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ tÊahfî« âUitahW mur® fšÿÇÆš gÂah‰¿aj‹ _yK« v©z‰w òyt® bgUk¡fisí« jŤjÄœ m‹g®fisí« cUth¡»a®fÉauR. âUitah‰W¡ fšÿÇ M©L ÉHhÉš ngáabgU«òyt® xUt® “brªjÄœ v‹W ï¡fhy¤âšTWtjhš K‰fhy¤âš bfhLªjÄHhf ïUªjJnghY«!”v‹W ngádh®; clnd mjid kW¤J “brŠPhÆWv‹whš fUPhÆW ïUªjJ v‹W MFkh? brªjÄœ,v‹W« brªjÄœjh‹; br«bkhÊjh‹” v‹W KH§»at® fÉauR.
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127Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
mu§fnt§flhry« ãŸis
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128 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
mu§fnt§flhry« ãŸis
ïa‰bga® : nt§flhry«
áw¥ò¥ bga® : fuªij¡ fÉauR (fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f btŸËÉHhÉš PhÅahuofŸtH§»aJ)
bg‰nwh® : jUkh«ghŸ, mu§frhÄ¥ãŸis
ãwªjehŸ : 20-12-1886 (Éa, kh®fÊ 5)
kiwªj ehŸ : 04-12-1953 (Éra, fh®¤âif, 21,PhÆW)
C® : nkhf}® (òJ¡nfh£il kh. fªj®t¡nfh£il mU»š)
fšÉ : jŠir: öangJU ca®Ãiy¥gŸË (1902), jÅ¡fšÉ: jÄœïy¡»a«; fuªij nt§fluhk¥ãŸisÆl«. jÄÊy¡fz« :k‹id: fhtš MŒths®kh.e.nrhkRªju« ãŸisÆl«.
g : nkhf}®: ntsh©ik,fz¡F¥ãŸis, kÂa¡fhu®.nfhdh®¥g£L: gŸË MáÇa® (1920-1922), jŠir: öa ngJUca®Ãiy¥gŸË; jÄHháÇa®(1922-1932) âUitahW: mur®fšÿÇ jÄœ¥ nguháÇa® (1932-1942), fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§fmik¢r® (brayhs®) (1911-1940),fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f ïjœ:jÄœ¥bghÊš: MáÇa® (1925-1936)(1942)
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129Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gil¥òfŸ : Mrh‹ M‰W¥gil (öangJUgŸËÆš j« MáÇauhf ïUªjFÆiyah v‹D« R¥ãukÂa Ia®nkš ïa‰¿aJ), bkhÊ muá,kÂnkfiy ehlf«, brªjÄœ¡f£LiufŸ (‘jÄœ¥ bghÊš’ ïjÊštªj f£LiufŸ)ciu: mfeh}W ciu:nt§flÉs¡F;e.K.nt.eh£lhUl‹ ïizªJgâ¥ò: bjhšfh¥ãa«:brhšyâfhu«: bjŒt¢áiyah®ciu.
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130 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
42. f«g® v‹ khkdh®
á§f¤ijí« ahidiaí« ml¡» thœªj jÄH®fis¡ Fâiu V¿ tªj MÇa®fŸ kl¡»¢ áªJbtËehfÇf¤ij¢ áij¤jJ nghy, thŸ tÈí« njhŸ tÈí«bfh©l kwt®fisí« nfh£iliaí« áW F©Lfshšmʤjd® M§»nya®. ngh®¡fs« v§F« ãz¡FÉaY«FUâ MW«. X® M§»nya¥ gil¤ jiyt‹ Fâiu nkštªJ bfh©oUªjh‹. ghŠrhy§ F¿¢á åu‹ clbyšyh« fha« g£L¡ ÑnH ÉGªJ »lªjh‹. mt‹ clÈÈUªJ FUâí« cÆU« btËna¿¡ bfh©oUªjd.M§»nya¥ gil¤ jiyt‹ nf£lh‹:
“rhf¥ ngh»whŒ... c‹ ifÆš V‹ thŸ?”
“cd¡F nt©Lkh?”
“M«!... M«!... bfhL!”
“cd¡fhtJ ga‹gl£L«! th§»¡ bfhŸ... th... th...»£lth!”
FâiuÆÈUªJ bfh©nl FŪjh‹ M§»nya‹.filá _¢Rl‹ filᥠgÂahf this åá M§»nyaÅ‹ ïu©L iffisí« J©lh¡» É£L ÉGªjh‹ghŠrhy‹. mt‹ tÊtªjt®jh‹ brfåu gh©oadh®.
jhŒbkhÊ_‹W mfitÆnyna gh©oadh® jªijia
ïHªjh®. ‘jªijbahL fšÉngh«’ v‹g®. jhah® j«kfid¢ rh‹nwhdh¡f¥ gŸË¡F mD¥ãdh®. MáÇa®eÆdh¥ ãŸis v©Q«, vG¤J« vGj¥ gH¡», Úâüšfis¥ bghUŸ m¿ªJ kd¥ghl« brŒa it¤jh®.å£onyh jhah® ehŸnjhW« cw§f¢ bršY« K‹ïuhk ehk§fis¡ Tw¥gH¡»dh®. k‰nghU« áy«ò¡fiyí«, jÄœ ïy¡fz ïy¡»a§fS« áw¥òw¥ gÆ‹wh®gh©oadh®. jhŒ T¿a mUŸbkhÊahY« jhŒbkhÊ¡fšÉahY« ïsikÆš V‰g£l kd¥gâthš g©ãš
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131Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ca®ªjh®. ÚâüšfËš jiyáwªjjh»a âU¡FwËY«ïuhkfhij M»a f«guhkhaz¤âY« Mœªj g‰W«nj®ªj òyikí« bfh©L És§»dh®.
jhŒbkhÊia - jhÆ‹ bkhÊia¥ òw¡f¤JM§»y¤âš ‘kiHna kiHna ngh, ngh!’ v‹W go¡f¤bjhl§» <uK« åuK« m¿ahkš, jÄœ vG¤J« jÄœv©Q« bjÇahkš, kd¥ghlK« Fz¥ghlK« (Úânghjidí«) ïšyhkš jÄœ¡ FHªijfŸ ï‹W ts®»‹wd®. kiHia¥ ngh‰¿¤ bjhl§Ftd âU¡FwS«áy¥gâfhuK«. ‘thd khkiH’ vd¤ bjhl§» 3811ghlšfËš ‘åugh©oa«’ vd¡ f«guhkhaz¤J¡Fïizahd fh¥ãa¤ij¥ ghodh®. kiwªj j‹ kidÉbtŸs¤jhŒ bkhʪj beLehŸ ÉU¥g¤ij Ãiwnt‰wï¡fh¥ãa¤ij vGâdh®. ö¤J¡FoÆš áyfhy« thœªJ kJiuÆš Fona¿ nkykhá åâÆš‘âUtŸSt® Ãiya«’ mik¤J ‘thR» m¢rf«’ cUth¡»¤ jh« vGâa üšfis¤ jhnk m¢á£L¤ jÄœgu¥ãtªjh®.
jhŒehLjhŒ eh£L¡fhf¥ ghoa njáa¡ fÉ v‹W
ghuâahiu¥ g‰¿ k£Lnk gy® m¿t®. mtiuí«jÄœeh£oš ãwªjjhš jÄÊ‹ bgUik ngáajhšrhâbt¿ia¢ rhoajhš xJ¡Fnth® c©L. ïªâamuR ïªâa ÉLjiy¡F¥ ghoa fÉP®fis¥ g‰¿aâiu¥gl« vL¤jnghJ ghuâia xJ¡»É£lJ. ïªâaÉLjiy¡F¥ ghoa jÄœ¡fÉP®fŸ fÉk njáfÉehafK« ehk¡fš fÉPU« k£L« mšy®. mt®fS¡FK‹dnu t©z¢ rug« j©lgh mofS«, K.uh.fªjrhÄ¡ fÉuhaU« r.J.R.nah»ahU« ï¤jifa gyU«ghoíŸsd®.
ïªâa¤ âUeh£o‹ ÉLjiy¡fhd ö©lyhf¥gh©oadh® ïa‰¿a åugh©oa«, jÄH® åu«,ghŠrhy§F¿¢á åutuyhW KjÈa üšfŸ mikªjd.M§»nya murhš ghŠrhy§F¿¢á åu tuyhWjil brŒa¥g£oUªjJ. ïªâa¤ âUeh£o‹ ÉÊ¥òz®¢á¡fhf ïa‰¿anj ‘ïªâa¤ jhŒ Ãiy’ v‹w üš.ïªâa eh£o‹ ÛJ Ód®fŸ gilbaL¤jnghJ
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132 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
(1962) ‘ghujåu®’ ‘åunjtij tz¡f«’ v‹w üšfisvGâdh®.
jÄœ cyf«‘fÉuhrg©oj®’ v‹W jÄœ cyf« ngh‰W«
t©z« x‹gjhÆu¤J¡F nk‰g£l gh¡fS« ciu,ciueil cŸË£l 30,000 m¢R¥g¡f§fS« vGâat®gh©oadh®. jÄœ¥òyt®fŸ gil¤j ïy¡»a§fis¥g‰¿a És¡fkhfî« âwdhŒthfî« vGâ¡ Fɤjh®.
òâd§fis¤ bjhl®fijahf üš ïjœ toÉšbtËÆ£lt®fŸ m¡fhy¤âš c©L. it.K.nfhijeha» m«ikah®, Mu F¥òrhÄ KjÈah® M»nahÇ‹òâd§fŸ jÅ ïjœfshf khj«njhW« bjhl®fijnghš tªjd. jh« vGâa ïy¡»a¤ijna khj« njhW«üš ïjHhf¥ gh©oadh® btËÆ£L tªjh®. mwïy¡»a§fËš jiyáwªjJ« bjh‹ikahdJ« M»aâU¡FwŸ g‰¿í« fh¥ãa§fËš áwªj f«guhkhaz«g‰¿í« r§f¥ òyt®fŸ g‰¿í« vGâdh®.
ïªâa¤ njáa«, fšÉ Ãiy, nkdh£L m¿P®fU¤JfŸ, m¿Éaš, cHî M»ad g‰¿¥ gh©oadh®vGâdh®. tŸSt¤ij¤ j« cŸs¤nj th§»¤ ‘jUkÔãif’ v‹W ït® vGâa 1000 gh¡fis¡ bfh©l üÈšïUªJ 108 ghlšfis¤ nj®ªbjL¤J Ãôbk‹ v‹wm¿P® M§»y¤âš (Light of Virtue) bkhÊbga®¤jh®.
thG« tŸSt«âU¡FwS¡F v¤jid ciufŸ, v¤jid És¡f§fŸ,
v¤jid MŒî üšfŸ, v¤jid bkhÊ bga®¥òfŸ! V‹?rka« rhuhj cyf¥ òfœ bg‰w thœÉaš üš âU¡FwŸx‹nw! r§f¡ fhy« Kjš ï¡fhy« tiu jÄœ¥òyt®fŸnk‰nfhŸ fh£oí« vL¤jh©L« ciu üšfŸ És¡füšfŸgy btË tªJŸsd. KJbkhÊnkš it¥ò,tŸSt® neÇir, nrhnkr® KJbkhÊ bt©gh KjÈabt©ghtif üšfŸ v©z‰wd njh‹¿íŸsd. âU¡FwŸ 1330 gh¡fisí« T¿ És¡fK« V‰w Úâ¡fijí«T¿¥ ghoíŸs üš ‘âU¡FwŸ Fknur bt©gh’ MF«.ïjid¥ gh©oadh® ghoíŸsh®.
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133Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
ïªüY¡F¥ gh©oadh® jhnk ciu vGâ ciu¡FŸS« áw¥ghd Ritahd És¡f§fŸ jªJŸsh®. 4602g¡f§fis cilaJ ïªüš. ïJ 1924 Kjš 1938 tiu üšïjHhf khjªnjhW« btËtªJŸsJ. âU¡FwS¡FciubrŒj m¿P®fËš jhK« ïl« bgw nt©L« vd¢br‹id¤ jÄÊY«, bfh¢ir¤ jÄÊY« K‰ngh¡F vd¤jtwhd És¡f§fis vGâí« âU¡FwŸ gh¡fisí«mâfhu§fisí« Kiwkh‰¿í« btËÆLnthiu¡f©o¡f¥ óthq® âahfuhr¢ br£oahU« gh©o¤Jiu¤ njtU« ï‹¿šiy! áwªj KiwÆš ï‹iwajÄÊš ciu vGj ÉU«ògt®fS« fhR¡fhf mšyJMir¡fhf¤ âU¡FwËš MŒî brŒ»nw‹ v‹gt®fS«gh©oadhÇ‹ ‘âU¡FwŸ Fknur bt©gh _yK«ciuí«’ f£lha« go¡f nt©L«. go¡f¥nghJkhdjÄH¿î ïšiyba‹whš bjh£L¡ F«ã£L É£L thsh(R«kh) ïU¡f nt©L«!
fh¥ãa¡f«g®jÄG¡F¤ ‘fâ’ v‹gh® f«gU« âUtŸStU«
Mt®. ït®fis¢ Ritgl m¿Kf« brŒjt®fŸehty® nrhk Rªju ghuâahU« t.nt.R. mŒaU«ïuh.ã.nrJ¥ãŸisí« Mt®. ït®fS¡F K‹ndhogh©oadh® Mth®. ‘f«g‹ fiyÃiy’ vd 1941 Kjš 16M©LfŸ üš ïjœ khjªnjhW« btËÆ£L mâšf«giuí« f«guhkhaz¤ijí« tuyhwhfî«, fU¤Jiuahfî«, âwdhŒthfî«, ciunghyî« fijnghyî«,ehlf« nghyî« Ritgl vGâdh®. bkh¤j« 5888g¡f§fŸ m¢áš tªJŸsd. f«g‹ fh¥ãa¢ RitiaK‰W« JŒ¤J k»œªjt® j« eh£Lz®thš åugh©oa‹ Cik¤Jiu åu tuyh‰iw åugh©oa«vd tuyh‰W¡ fh¥ãakhf¥ ghodh®. ï¡fh¥ãa¥ghlšfŸ f«g‹ fÉfS¡F ïizahdit.
“âUtŸStU«, f«gU« vd¡F¥ ãÇakhd cÇikahsuhŒ¥ bgU» tªjd®. tŸSt® vd¡F beU§»agh£ldhuhŒ nenu bjÇatªjh®. f«g‹ m‹òÇikahdkhkdhuhŒ ah©L« mQ» Ëwh®.”
- v‹W gh©oadh® TWtJ c©ikjh‹ v‹gJmt® vG¤Jfshš òydh»wJ.
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134 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
brfåugh©oadh®
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135Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
brfåugh©oadh®
ïa‰bga® : brfåugh©oa‹
áw¥ò¥bga® : fÉuhrg©oj®, brhšÈ‹ bršt®,mKjth¡»
bg‰nwh® : Mîila«ik, bgUkhŸrhÄ
ãwªjehŸ : 10-03-1886
kiwî ehŸ : 17-06-1967
C® : bešiy kh.x£le¤j«
fšÉ : x£le¤j« - eÆdh®¥ ãŸisÆl«bjhl¡f¡fšÉ; nfhÆÿ® kl¤âY«átPhdòu« ïy¡fzK¤J¡fÉuhaÇl¤âY« jÄœ¡ fšÉ.
g : jÄœ f‰ã¤jš, üšfŸ vGJjY«m¢álY« ɉgidí«, brh‰bghÊî
gil¥òfŸ : brŒíŸ - âU¢brªö® mªjhâ,kháyhk khiy (1910),jUkÔãif (1000 ghlšfŸciuíl‹, 1932), mÂaWgJ(ciuíl‹, 1934), åugh©oa«(3811 ghlšfŸ, 1937) âU¡FwŸFknurbt©gh (1330 ghlšfŸciuíl‹ (1938), mU«bghUŸmKj« (2000 ghlšfŸ, 1951),ïªâa¤ jhŒ Ãiy (864 ghlšfŸ,1955), jhŒikÆ‹ jifik (1956)åunjtij tz¡f«,ghujeh£L åu® (115 ghlšfŸ,1965)
ciueil : jÄH® åu« (bešiy ïªJ¡fšÿÇÆš brh‰bghÊî 19-06-1915
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136 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
üš 1918), mf¤âa KÅt® (1933),ghŠrhy§F¿¢á åutuyhW (1939),fšÉÃiy (1954),fÉfË‹ fh£á ïiwadh® (1957)
üš ïjœfŸ : âU¡FwŸ Fknur bt©gh (1924-1938), òyt® cyf« (1941-) f«g‹fiy Ãiy (1941-1957),
bkhÊbga®¥ò : cyf cŸs§fŸ (6000 e‹bkhÊfŸ»il¥gd 832)
m¢nrwhjit : kÅjD« bjŒtK«, xG¡f«, rhªj«,f«g® fɤâw«, vdJ thœî, KUfntŸ, cHî« cyfK«, cÆÇd§fŸ(vW«ò Kjš Fu§F tiu).
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137Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
43. V®kÅ murU«, jÄœ M¢rhÇahU«
flš miyfŸ ï‹Åir gho¡ bfh©oUªj ju§f«ghoÆš tªJ ïw§»dh® Óf‹ghšF v‹D« FUkh®.fl‰fiu kzÈš mtuJ ifÉušfis mG¤â¥ ão¤J¤jÄœ vG¤Jfis vGj¡ f‰W¤ jªjh® kiya¥gM¢rhÇah®. Óf‹ghšFîl‹ V®kÅ (b#®kÅ) br‹WmurUl‹ V®k‹ bkhÊÆš ngádh® Õ£l® kiya¥g‹vd¥ bgaU« »¿¤Jt kjK« V‰W! Óf‹ ghšF vGâa»¿¤Jt rka üšfis m¢ál¤ jÄœ vG¤JfisV®kÅÆš Ahny efÇš kiya¥g‹ totik¤J¤ jªjh®.Óf‹ ghšF vGâa jÄœ ïy¡fz« 1716-ïš Ahny efÇšm¢ál¥bg‰wJ.
mªj V®kÅ eh£L¡F¤ jÄœ bkhÊ tuyhW, jÄœüšfŸ g£oaš, jÄœ¥ gHbkhÊfŸ, jÄœ¢ á¤jkU¤Jt«, Xiy¢RtofŸ KjÈa jÄHf¤J¢ brŒâfŸ»¿¤Jt¡ FUkh®fshš mD¥g¥ bg‰wd. mjdhšjh‹ïy§ifÆÈUªJ Äf¢áwªj jÄœbkhÊ nt®¢brhšMŒthsuh»a Phd¥ãufhr mofsh® br‹wnghJV®kÅ muR Äf¢áwªj tunt‰ò mˤjJ. mtuJ cUt«bgh¿¤j mŠrš jiyí« btËÆ£L jÄœ M¢rhÇah®(kjnghjf®) M»a mtiu¢ áw¥ã¤jJ.
X£lK« eh£lK«ahœ¥ghz« kÂ¥ghÆš ïªJ kj¡ nfhÆÈš
fhty® ntiy gh®¤J tªj ïuhrá§f« rhÄehj¥ãŸis ïs« kidÉiaí« g¢ás« ghyf‹ it¤âaȧf¤ijí« jÉ¡fÉ£L ïwªJ nghdh®. mt® kidÉj§fK¤J jŤJ thH Koahj NHÈš m¢RntÈf¤njhÈ¡f® j«ã K¤J¥ãŸisia kWkz« brŒJbfh©lh®. fšÉ ïjœ x‹iw el¤âtªj m¡f¤njhÈ¡f®j§fK¤J kfid¤ j« kfdhf V‰W¤ jhnk fšÉ jªjh®.j§fK¤J kd«kh¿ kj« kh¿aJl‹ kf‹ it¤âaÈ § f ¤ i j í « k j « k h ‰ ¿ P h d ¥ ã u f h r « v d ¥
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138 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
bgaÇ£lh®. bgaU¡nf‰g Phd¥ ãufhr® Phd xËahf¤ âfœªjh®. gŸË¡ fšÉí« fšÿÇ¡ fšÉí« Ko¤J, FL«g¢ NHyhš ca®fšÉ bgwKoahkšnjÆiy¤ njh£l¤âš fz¡F vGJ« ntiyÆšnr®ªjh®.
Phd¥ãufhr® bjhl®t©o¤ Jiw¤ nj®î vGâïUªjjhš nj®ªbjL¡f¥ bg‰W ahœ¥ghz¤âšnfh£il bjhl®t©o Ãiya¤â‹ jiytuhdh®.ešÿÇš áy fhy« gÂah‰¿dh®. t©onah£l¤ij¡ftÅ¡F« kdnth£l« ïšyhkš ïiw eh£l¤âš<Lg£lh®. FUkh® gƉá bg‰W¢ rka¥ gu¥òe® Mdh®.
rka¤ bjh©LPhd¥ãufhr® rka¢ brh‰bghÊîfS« vG¤J¥
gÂí« nk‰bfh©L thœªjh®. bjhl¡f¤âš v⮥ò¥gÂí« jU¡fthjK« brŒJ òuh£lÞl‹£ »¿¤Jt¤ijí« ïªJ rka¤ijí« jh¡»¥ ngrî« vGjî«brŒjh®. _l¥gH¡f§fisí« Fiwfisí« rhLtnjmt® neh¡fkhf ïUªjJ. ãŸisah®, KUf¥ bgUkh‹,átkj«, ïªJ kj«, cÆ®¥gÈ M»a jiy¥òfËšvGâdh®. Ô©lhikia¡ fLikahf v⮤jh®. kh£Lt©oÆš C® Cuhf¢ br‹W kj« gu¥ãdh®. C®njhW« »¿¤Jt Mya§fŸ f£odh®. fšÉ¡Tl§fŸbjhl§fî« tÊtif brŒjh®. viHfŸ, VâÈfŸ,jhœ¤j¥g£nlh® vd midtU¡F« cjÉdh®. kiH¡fhy¤âY« òaÈY« btŸs¤âY« nehŒ guÉa fhy§fËY« J‹g¥gLnthiu¡ fh¥gh‰¿dh®. fL« kiHÆšeidªjgo bjh©LfŸ òǪj Phd¥ãufhr®, kiHÉ £l J« j « m‹ g ®fËl « kh ‰ Wi l nf£l h® .mtUila òfHhš bghwhik bfh©l xUt® Tiw¥òlitia¡ bfhL¤jh®. ja§fhkš mªJ bfh©Lkz¡nfhy¤âš Phd¥ãufhr® bjhl®ªJ rka¥gaz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®.
Äf¢ áwªj go¥ghËí« gil¥ghËí« ng¢rhsUkh»a Phd¥ãufhr® nghuhËahfî« És§»dh®.rka¤ bjh©oš j‹Dl‹ gÂah‰W« njhH®fËl«m‹ò ghuh£odhY« Äf¡ fLikahf ntiy th§»dh®.‘ïJ xU gil¡fs«. nf£L el, ïšiyba‹whš R£L¡
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139Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
bfhšy¥gLthŒ!’ v‹gh®. jhœ¤j¥g£l rhâÆduh»aViHfS¡F åL f£o¡ bfhL¤âUªjh®. “go¥g¿î«g©ghL« ïšyhj ït®fŸ mo¡fo r©ilngh£L¡bfhŸ»wh®fŸ. fhÈ brŒa¢ brhšY§fŸ” v‹W áyca®rhâÆd® T¿d®. “KoahJ! bg‰wtS¡F¤jh‹bjÇí« ãŸis tU¤j«” v‹wh® Phd¥ãufhr®. jhœ¤j¥g£l rhâÆd® thG« gFâfËš cŸs »zWfËY«Fs§fËY« ca® rhâÆd® F¥igfis¡ bfh£od®. áybfhoat®fŸ eŠR« fyªjd®. ï¡bfhLikfis¤jL¤jh®. ViHfS¡F cjt Äât©oÆš beLªbjhiyîgaz« brŒjh®.
brhš MŒîïs« gUt¤âš gŸË e©g®fŸ Phd¥ ãufhriu¡
fLŠ brh‰fshš â£od®. âU«g¤ Ôa brh‰fshšâ£lÉU«ghj Phd¥ãufhr® mt®fis¤ ÔŠbrh‰fshš foªJ fÉij Ô£odh®. mªj e©g®fŸ fÉijiaMáÇaÇl« bfhL¤J¡ nfhŸ brhšÈd®. nfhš vL¤jMáÇa® mo¤j moÆš Phd¥ãufhrÇ‹ fizahÊ(nkhâu«) bj¿¤jJ.
Phd¥ãufhrÇ‹ fÉij M®tK« _£il f£l¥g£LÉ£lJ. Mdhš mtuJ MŒî kd¥gh‹ikí«m¿î¤ njlY« ïiw eh£lK« bgU»d. jÄœ, á§fs«,M§»y« _‹W« gŸË¥ gUt¤ânyna e‹F go¤âUªjPhd¥ãufhr® rk‰»Uj«, bjY§F, f‹dl«, ghÈ,âbg¤J, g®Äa«, ï¤jhÈ, ãbuŠR KjÈa 20 bkhÊfŸe‹F f‰wh®. nkY« »nu¡f«, ngh®¤J¡ÑR, V®k‹(br®k‹) KjÈa 50 bkhÊfŸ Xusî mtU¡F¤ bjÇí«.
gybkhÊfŸ bjǪjjhš Phd¥ãufhrU¡F¤jÄÊ‹ ca®î« áw¥ò« jiyikí« òǪjd. bjhl®ªJjÄœ¢ brhš MŒÉš <Lg£lh®. fhšL btšÈ‹x¥ãy¡fzK« fâiunt‰ãŸisÆ‹ mfuhâí« jÄœnt®¢brhš MŒÉš mtiu <LgL¤âd. ‘áªJ btËehfÇf« jÄHUilanj’ v‹W ÃWÉa <uhR FUkhUl‹ïizªJ f£LiufŸ vG⢠“áªJbtË vG¤JfŸjÄÊDilait; ehfÇf« jÄH® ehfÇf«” v‹WÃWÉdh®.
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140 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
á§fs bkhÊÆš ïU¡F« âuhÉl bkhÊ¡ TWfis És¡» Phd¥ãufhr® X® f£Liu go¤jh®.á§fs®fS« òÇahj ntWáyU« v⮤jd®. gy bkhÊfËÈUªJ nt®¢brh‰fŸ fh£o¥ ngáaJ« Äf¥bgÇa bkhÊÆaš m¿P®fŸ V‰whY«, á§fs® áy®bjhl®ªJ f£Liuia¥ go¡f ÉlÉšiy. clnd12 bkhÊfËš j« f£Liuia bkhÊbga®¤J cyfmsÉyhd bkhÊ m¿P®fS¡F mD¥ãdh®. V®kÅ,ãuŠR eh£L m¿P®fŸ Phd¥ãufhriu¤ j«eh£L¡F miH¤J¥ ghuh£od®. ïy§if muR mtiutuyh‰W¡ ifbah¥g¢ Rto MŒî¡FG cW¥ãd®M¡»aJ.
Phd¥ãufhr® jÄÊ‹ bršth¡F á§fs bkhÊÆšk£LkšyhJ cyf bkhÊfŸ gyt‰¿Y« cŸs áw¥igvL¤J¡ fh£o¡ f£LiufŸ, üšfŸ vGâaJl‹gšfiy¡fHf§fËš brh‰bghÊth‰¿í« ÃWÉdh®.âU¥gdªjhŸ kl« mtiu¥ ghuh£oaJ. ‘fiy’ v‹gJtlbrhš v‹W áy® Tw, jÄœ¢ brhš v‹W ÃWÉdh®.jÄHf muR %ghŒ 4,10,000 bryî brŒJ 27 M©LfËšgy jÄœ m¿P®fis¡ bfh©L brŒj ngufuhâÆš“jÄH® v‹whš j«s®” v‹W bghUŸ btËÆ£ld®.cyfbkhÊfnshL x¥ã£L¤ “jÄœ nt®¢brhš x¥ãašngufuhâ” vd¥ gyÇl« Ãâ cjÉ bg‰W¤ bjhFâbjhFâahf¤ jÅ xUtuhf ciH¤J btËÆ£L¤ jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ áw¥igí« cyfbkhÊfS¡bfšyh«jÄœ bkhÊna _ybkhÊ v‹gijí« Phd¥ãufhr®ÃWÉdh®. ït® tÊÆš nt®¢brhš MŒÉš <Lg£L¤jÄnH cyf¤ jhŒbkhÊ vd m¿É¤jd® khfwšfh®¤ânfa KjÈahU« njtnea¥ ghtzU«.
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141Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
Phd¥ãufhr mofsh®
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142 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
Phd¥ãufhr mofsh®
ïa‰bga® : it¤âaȧf«
áw¥ò¥bga® : Phd¥ãufhr«, ešÿ® Phd¥ãufhr®,RthÄ Phd¥ãufhr®
bg‰nwh® : j§fK¤J m«ikah®, ïuhrá§f«rhÄ ehj¥ãŸis
ãwªjehŸ : 30-08-1875
kiwî ehŸ : 22-01-1947
C® : ahœ¥ghz« mU»š kÂ¥ghŒ/kÅ¥ghŒ.
fšÉ : ts®¥ò¤ jªij j«ã K¤J¥ãŸisÆl« jÄœ¡ fšÉ, cŸq®bjhl¡f¥gŸË¡ fšÉ, t£L¡nfh£il »¿¤Jt M§»y¡ fšÉ¢rhiy, òÅj g¤âÇáah® fšÿÇ,öa kh®£o‹ FUk¤âš kjnghjf®gƉá FU g£l« (1901)
g : bfhG«ò - njÆiy¤ njh£l¡fz¡f®, nfh£il bjhl®t©oÃiya¤ jiyt®, C®¡fhtšJiwÆš cjÉ FUkh®, jÄœnt®¢brhš MŒths®, vG¤jhs®
gil¥òfŸ : jÄHÇ‹ ó®t rǤâuK« rkaK«,ahœ¥ghz¢ rǤâu MuhŒ¢á,f¤njhÈ¡f¤ âU¢rigí« mj‹nghjf§fS«, JwÉPhd«, njtMuhjid Kiw, M©lt® rǤâu«,jU¡f rh¤âu¢ RU¡f«, »¿ÞJ ehj®rǤâu MuhŒ¢á, ngh®¤JÑr®
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143Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
xšyhªj® fhy ahœ¥ghz¢ rÇij,ngh®¤JÑrÇ‹ MSifÆšahœ¥ghz mur®fŸ (1916),ahœ¥ghz itgt ÉkÇrd« (1928),f¤njhÈ¡f ntj tuyhW,R¥ãukÂa MuhŒ¢á (1916)ãŸisah® MuhŒ¢á (1921)ÄUfgÈ MŒî (1917)
òâd« (ehtš) : brfuhr nrfu‹
M§»y üšfŸ : ahœ¥ghz mur®, g©ila ïªâarÇijí« M©L tÇirí«, jÄHÇ‹rhâ c‰g¤â.
nt®¢brhš MŒî : jÄœ mik¥ò‰wJ v›thW (1927),jÄÊš nt®¢brhš MŒîfŸ (1932),jÄœ nt®¢brhš x¥ãaš ngufuhâ(ïu©L bjhFâfŸ, x›bth‹W«g¤J gFâfŸ) 1938.
»¿¤Jt rka ïjœ : FL«g thrf« (khj ïjœ)mknyh‰gt ïuh¡»Å öj‹ (khj ïjœ)r¤âa ntj ghJfhty‹ (thu ïjœ)
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144 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
44. ïuha¥ng£il ïu©lhdJ
thdnk všiy vd¥ òw¥g£L É£lhš mfit(taJ) X® jil MFkh? g¤J taJ tiujh‹ go¥ò. ã‹gyru¡F¡ fil it¤J tÂf« gâdhW M©L el¤âat®. ãwF K¥g¤J _‹wh« mfitÆš jÄHháÇa®g »il¤jJ. XŒÉ‹¿ ïuî gfš ghuhkš go¤jh®.ntjhªj« jU¡f« ïu©oY« òfœ bg‰wh®. tŸsyhÇ‹mU£gh kU£gh mšy v‹W thâ£lh® âU¡FwË‹bgUikia cyF¡nf cz®¤âdh®. ahœ¥ghz« eh.fâiunt‰ ãŸisílD« âU.É.f.îlD« kiwkiyaofSlD« vâ®thj« òǪjh®. ïjœfËšvGâdh®. jhnk ïjœfŸ bjhl§»dh®. m¢rf«bjhl§»dh®. j« ïjiHí« üšfisí« btËÆ£lh®.brh‰bghÊth‰¿dh®. jU¡fnkilfËš thj¤âšbt‹wh®. ciufŸ vGâdh®. ïy¡»a§fis ciueil(trd«) M¡»dh®. ehlf« brŒjh®. bkhÊbga®¤jh®.vGgJ mfit¡F nkY« ï¤jid¥ gÂfisí«bjhl®ªJ M‰¿¡ bfh©oUªjt® nfh.tontY¢br£oah® Mth®.
kiy¥ngh®
ntjhªjK« jU¡fK« go¤âUªj tonty® j«neh¡»š “Kj‰FwŸ thj«” vd 1897-ïš 16 g¡f msÉšüš btËÆ£lh®. mjid v⮤J 1898-ïš ehifntjhry« ãŸis (kiwkiyaofŸ) “Kj‰FwŸ thjÃuhfuz« vd 50 g¡f msÉš üš vGâdh®. mjidkW¤J 1900-ïš tonty® “Kj‰FwŸ thj Ãuhfuzrj öõ” vd vGâdh®. âU¡Fwis¥ g‹Kf¥gh®itÆš gh®¡f ïªj üšfŸ ö©LnfhyhŒmikªjd.
r hJ ï u¤ â d« b r£ oa h Çl « nt j hª j« 1 2M©LfŸ gÆ‹wt® tonty®. eL¡fhntÇ F.ÓÅthrrh¤âahÇl« jU¡f üY« gÆ‹¿Uªjh®. M§fh§F
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145Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
‘ntjhªj’ mit (rig) ÃWÉ ntj be¿¥ ghl§fŸel¤âdh®. jU¡f« gÆ‹¿Uªjjhš nkilfËš ntj be¿g‰¿¢ áw¥ghf thâ£L ‘ntjhªâ’ v‹W òfœbg‰wh®.
kU£ngh®
tonty® mU£gh f£áia¢ nr®ªjt®. ahœ¥ghz« eh.fâiunt‰ ãŸis mU£ghlšfŸ mšy v‹WnkilnjhW« ngá tªjh®. mtuJ khztuh»aâU.É.f. tŸsyhiu v⮡fÉšiy v‹whY« MáÇa®¡F¤ Jiz nghf nt©oÆUªjJ. mjdhš áyfhy«âU.É.f.îl‹ tonty® khWg£oUªjh®.
ïuha¥ng£il ntjbe¿ mitÆš ïuî elªj xUT£l¤âš fâiunty® ‘K¡fhy«’ v‹W ngádh®.tonty® mtiu v⮤J thâ£L ‘v¡fhy«’ v‹gijí«nr®¤J eh‹F fhy« v‹wh®. thj« _‹W k neuK«flªJ eh‹F k elªjJ. ïjdhš vâuÂahf¢‘á¤jhªj’ mit njh‹¿aJ.
ïuha¥ng£il m«ika¥g KjȤ bjUÉšntjhªj mit tonty® jiyikÆš To¥ngRt®.vâ®ju¥ghf¢ á¤jªj mit ïuha¥ng£il K¤JKjȤ bjU RªjunRtu® nfhÆÈš âU.É.f. jiyikÆšTo ntjhªj fU¤Jfis kW¤J¥ ngRt®. ntjhªjá¤jhªj¥ nghuhš ïuha¥ng£il ïu©lhƉW!bghJk¡fS¡F ešy rka ïy¡»a ÉUªJ mo¡fo ïuîneu§fËš »il¤jJ!
mU£ngh®tŸsyhÇ‹ bghJbe¿ia¥ ã‹g‰¿a tonty®,
‘mU£gh mšy kU£gh’ v‹W vâ®thj« brŒjahœ¥ghz« eh.fâiunty® kiwªjnghJ,
“fâiuntš nghŒ É£lhnd! thj mitfS« mtDl‹nghÆdnt! thj¤J¡ bf‹W v¤jid ng® bjhšfh¥ãa«go¤jd®? jU¡f« go¤jd®? tšyhs‹ kiwªjh‹!”- v‹W òy«ã¡ fj¿¡ f©Ù® áªâdh®. fU¤jhY«
bfhŸifahY« Äf¥bgÇa msî ntWg£lhY« gifbfhŸshkš thœªjd mªj¤ jÄœ beŠr§fŸ.!
âU.É.f. j« MáÇa®¡fhf ‘kU£gh mÂÆšïUªjhnu jÉu nkilÆš v⮤J¥ ngrntÆšiy.
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146 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
tŸsyhÇ‹ mUŸ be¿í« rka¥ bghJikí«âU.É.f.î¡F cl‹ ghlhdit. âU.É.f. xUKiwtontyÇl« nf£lh®:
“K‹dhËš Ú§fŸ V‹ thj¤âš òu©O®fŸ?”
“fhy Ãiy, ïsik, bghwhik, òfœ ÉU¥g«...ahD« fGijahŒ ïUªnj‹. F¥igÆšòu©nl‹.”- v‹W T¿dh® tonty®. “gÂíkh« v‹W«
bgUik” v‹gj‹ vL¤J¡fh£lhf mfit K⮢ám‹ã‹ K⮢áah» mUŸ gG¤jJ!
thj¥ngh® É£oUªjhY« tonty® MÇaÇ‹cÆ®¡ bfhiy ntŸÉ¡F« áW bjŒt tÊgh£ošMLkhL fhî (gÈ) ¡F« vâuhf mU£ngh® el¤âdh®.tŸsyhÇ‹ mUŸ be¿ia¥ gu¥ã C®njhW« ngátªjh®. bt£Lthd« v‹w CÇš ‘r‹kh®¡f mit’M©LÉHhÉš ‘gÈ k¿aš’ eilbg‰wJ. cÆ®¡bfhiy TlhJ v‹W k¡fS¡F cz®¤j MLbt£L«f¤âÆ‹ ÑnH j«Kila jiyia it¤jh®.
ciu¥ ngh®
ntjbe¿ g‰¿ Ãiwa ngáaJl‹ vGjî« brŒjh®tonty®. òÇahjJ ntjbe¿ v‹gij kh‰w¥ òÇí«govËaeilÆš Ãiwa ciueilüšfŸ vGâdh®. j¤Jt,Phd üšfS¡F És¡f§fŸ vGâdh®. bjhl®ªJk¡fis clodahf¤ j« vG¤JfŸ br‹wila ïjœfËš f£Liufshf vGâdh®. nyhnfhgfhÇ, r¡fut®¤âÅ v‹w ïjœfis¤ jhnk Éiy¡F th§»el¤âdh®.
‘nyhnfhgfhÇ’ ïjG¡F X® áw¥ò c©L. tutuïªj ïjœ ÄFâahf ɉgid Mtij¡ f©L mŠáaM§»nya - ïªâa muR ‘ïªâa bkhÊ ïjœfŸ f£L¥gh£L¢ r£l«’ 1908-ïš bfh©L tªjJ. ï¢ r£l¤â‹beU¡foahšjh‹ ghuâah® br‹idÆÈUªJ òJit¡F¤ j¥ã¢ br‹wh®. ‘r¡fut®¤âÅ’ v‹w kfË®¡fhdïjœ ghuâia MáÇauhf¡ bfh©L 1905-ïš bjhl§f¥g£lJ. tonty®, ï›ÉjœfËš ntjbe¿ g‰¿
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147Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
k£Lkšyhkš bkhÊ, muáaš, t£l«, j¤Jt«,ïy¡»a«, ÉHh¡fŸ, cyf¥ngh®, ïªâa ÉLjiy¥nghuh£l« g‰¿í« btËÆ£lh®.
üšfŸ ïjœfŸ tÊ ciueilÆš fU¤Jfis¥gu¥ãa tonty® fodkhd rka¤ j¤Jt üšfS¡Fciuí« vGâ tªjh®. ït‰WŸ ïtU¡F¥ bgUiknr®¥gJ âU¡FwŸ gâ¥ng. tonty® âU¡FwŸMáÇ aÇ ‹ t uy h‰ iw v G⤠â U¡ F wŸ _ yK «gÇnkyHf® ciuí« mj‰F¤ jhbkGâa ïy¡fzïy¡»a mo¡ F¿¥òfSl‹ Äf¢ áw¥òw¥ gâ¥ã¤J¥òfœbg‰wh®. nfh.tontY¢ br£oahiu âU.É.f.ghuh£L»wh®: “fiyfns br£oah®; br£oahnufiyfŸ. m‹g® br£oahiu xU gšfiy¡fHf« v‹WTwš ÄifahfhJ.”
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148 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
nfh. tontY¢ br£oah®
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149Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
nfh. tontY¢ br£oah®
ïa‰bga® : tontY
áw¥ò¥bga® : ntjhªâ, nfhknsRtu‹ng£iltontY¢ br£oah®
bg‰nwh® : jd¡nfho m«khŸ,R¥guha¢ br£oah®
ãw¥ò : 1863
kiwî : 1935
C® : br‹id, nfhknsRtu‹ ng£il
fšÉ : bjhl¡f¡ fšÉ (1868-1975), rhJïu¤âd« br£oahÇl« ntjhªj¡fšÉ (1880-1902), eL¡fhntÇF.ÓÅthr rh¤âÇahÇl«jU¡f¡fšÉ.
kidÉ : ó§fhtd«
g : gyru¡F¡ fil tÂf® (1875-1889); br‹id, ïªJ âahyÍfšca®Ãiy¥ gŸË, jÄHháÇa®(1896-1933);nyhnfhgfhÇ (thu ïjœ) - ïjHháÇa®, cÇikahs®. (1911-1922)r¡fut®¤âÅ (khj ïjœ) - ïjHháÇa®,
cÇikahs® (1911-1918)
gil¥òfŸ : Kj‰FwŸ thj« (Divita - Mata- Tiraskari)
Kj‰FwŸthj Ãuhfuz rj öõÂ(1900)òÅjtâ (fhiu¡fhy«ikah®
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150 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
tuyh‰W ehlf«), á¤jhªj ãªJ(bkhÊbga®¥ò), Éahr nghâÅ,bkŒPhndhgnjr«, f£lis r§ifÃuhfuz«, jU¡f gÇghil,átPhd nghj ciu.ciueilah¡f üšfŸ:iftša etÚj«, Fnrny gh¡»ahd«,ntjhªj NshkÂ,gft¤ Ñij trd«,ehdhát ghj¡f£lisF¿¥òiu gâ¥ò: ôã.bjŒtehafKjÈahUl‹ ïizªJgâ¥ã¤jJ.
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151Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
45.rkz¤ j¤Jt PhÅ
rkz (ird) kj« jÄœ bkhÊ ts®¢á¡F ÃiwathÇ tH§»íŸsJ. jÄH®fË‹ bjh‹ikahd jiyikahd ïy¡fz« M»a bjhšfh¥ãa¤ijí« ïy¡»akh»a âU¡Fwisí« ïa‰¿a bjhšfh¥ãaU«âUtŸStU« rkz® v‹W Tw¥gL»‹wd®. áy¥gâfhuK«, ÓtfáªjhkÂí« tisahgâí«, F©lynfáí« M»a fh¥ãa§fŸ rkz¢ rka¤ij¢ rh®ªjitna. bjh‹ikahd jÄœ¢ r§f« nghš kJiuÆš rkz®fŸ mik¤j ‘âuÄs r§f«’ (».ã.470)gâbd© Ñœ¡fz¡F üšfŸ áyî« ïy¡fz üšfS«njh‹¿a ïl« v‹g®. m›tÊÆš g¤bjh‹gJ ïUgjh«ü‰wh©LfËY« rkz¢ rka¤ij¢ nr®ªjt®fŸ jÄœ¥g òǪJŸsd®. rkz kj¤ij¢ rh®ªj r¡fut®¤âeÆdh® ïUgjh« ü‰wh©oš òfœbg‰w jÄœ¢ br«kšMth®.
go¥ò! go¥ò!
fhŠáòu«, jŠrhñ®, k‹dh®Fo KjÈa C®fËšrkz® FoÆU¥òfS« nfhÆšfS« ï‹W« cŸsd.K‰fhy¤âš rkz¤ JwÉfŸ kiynkš thœªJ bfh©LïUªjd®; j«ik¤ njotU« bghJ k¡fS¡F¤ jÄœïy¡fz« ïy¡»a« thœÉaš mw§fŸ M»aití«rkz¢ rka¡fU¤JfS« TWt®. á¤j kU¤JtK«mË¥g®. â©otd« mU»š å^Çš ãwªj r¡fut®¤âeÆdh® fšÉ¤JiwÆš eh£l« cŸstuhf ïUªjh®.br‹id¡ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš ïs§fiy go¤JkhÃy¤ânyna KjyhtJ kâ¥bg© bg‰wh®. fšÿÇKjšt® Kidt® Äšy® V‰gL¤âÆUªj mw¡f£lisÆ‹ j§f¥gj¡f« gÇrhf¥ bg‰wh®. KJfiygo¤jJl‹ fšÉÆaš g£lK« bg‰wh®. rka«, j¤Jt«,ïy¡»a« M»at‰¿š <LghL bfh©L Ãiwa go¤jh®.jÄÊY« M§»y¤âY« rk‰»Uj¤âY« tšYe® Mdh®.
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152 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
X® ešy MáÇa® v¥nghJ« go¤J¡ bfh©nl ïU¡fnt©L«. X® rka¤ j¤Jt PhÅ v¥nghJ« òâa nfh£ghLfis¤ j« áªjidahš f©Lão¤J¡ bfh©nlïU¡f nt©L«. jh« njo¡f©Lão¤j c©ikfise©g®fËl¤âY« khzt®fËl¤âY« v¥nghJ«brhšÈ¡bfh©nl ïUªjh® r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®.ït‰iw nkilÆš ngrî« brh‰bghÊth‰wî« vGjî«brŒjh®.
âU¡FwŸ bgUikâU¡Fwis ïa‰¿a âUtŸStiu všyh¢ rka¤j
tU« cÇik bfh©lhLt®. âU¡Fwis¥ gil¤jt®rkz¤ JwÉah»a FªjFªj® v‹»w VyhrhÇa® v‹Wrkz® TWt®. ïtuJ áiy tªjthá mU»š bgh‹}®kiyÆš cŸsJ. rkz üš v‹bwšyh«v©zhkš jÄÊ‹ khbgU« mwïy¡»a« v‹w neh¡»šjh‹ r¡fut®¤â eÆdh® âU¡Fwis¥ go¤jh®. jh«go¤J m¿ªj mid¤J¢ rka¤ j¤Jt be¿fisí«mwÉaš nfh£ghLfisí« bfh©L âU¡FwË‹ x¥òa®t‰w bgUikia cz®ªjh®.
Mšg®£ Rit£r®, Mãufh«È§f‹, ï§f®rhš,lhšÞlhŒ, Í.ô.ngh¥, fhªâaofŸ, Éndhgh ghntM»nah® âU¡FwË‹ bgUikia M§»y bkhÊ bga®¥òfË‹ _y« m¿ªjjhšjh‹ ngh‰¿¥ ã‹g‰¿d®. jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ bgUikiaí« cz®ªjd®. fhªâaofS«Éndhgh ghntí« âU¡Fwis¥ go¥gj‰fhfnt jÄiH¡f‰f ÉU«ãd®; f‰f K‰g£ld®.
br‹id khÃy¤â‹ MSeuhf 1810 Kjš 1819 tiuïUªj všÈÞ v‹gt® âU¡Fwis¡ f‰wnjhL M§»y¤âš bkhÊbga®¤jh®. tŸSt¤ij¥ ã‹g‰¿í« thœªjh®. br‹idÆš Foj©Ù®¤ j£L¥ghL V‰g£l nghJVG »zWfis¤ njh©o¡ fšbt£LfS« mik¤jh®.âUtŸStÇ‹ cUt« bgh¿¤j ehza« btËÆ£L¤âUtŸStU¡F¥ bgUik brŒjh®.
eh« âU¡Fwis¢ rÇtu¥ ã‹g‰whkš mt® T¿afŸS©zhikia (kJÉy¡if¥) ã‹g‰whkš mt®áiyia¢ áy® rh¡F _£ilÆš f£o¥nghl iff£o
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153Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
Ënwh«. tŸSt® T¿a bfhšyhikia kwªJ F©Lngh£L¡ bfh©oU¡»nwh«.
âU¡Fwis¡ »©l®ÞÌ, všÈÞ, £U (W.H. Drew),nfht® (G.E. Gover), ïuhã‹r‹ (E.J. Robinson), ïyhrurÞ(J. Lazarus), Í.ô. ngh¥ vd eh‰gJ¡F« nk‰g£nlh®M§»y¤âš bkhÊ bga®¤jd®. m›tifÆš r¡fut®¤âeÆdhU« âU¡Fwis M§»y¤âš bkhÊ bga®¤jh®.mªüš ‘âU¡FwŸ tÊÆš brŒâ’ v‹W jÄÊY« bkhÊbga®¡f¥ bg‰WŸsJ. ‘âU¡FwS« rkj®kK«’ v‹wüY« r¡fut®¤â eÆdh® vGâíŸsh®. âU¡FwŸ ird¡fÉuhr g©oj® ciuia ït® gâ¥ã¤JŸsh®.
bj‹wY¡F¥ ghl«âU¡FwŸ ird¡ fÉuhr g©oj® ciuia k£L
kšyhJ Úynfá âthfu thkd KÅt® ciu, nkUkªjuòuhz ciu M»at‰iwí« r¡fut®¤â eÆdh® gâ¥ã¤JŸsh®. Úynfá ciuaháÇa® âU¡Fwis ‘v«nkh¤J’(v«+X¤J: v« kiw, v§fŸ ntj«) v‹W F¿¥ã£LŸsh®.ïjdhš rkz®fŸ j«Kila kiwahfnt-ntj üyhfnt âU¡Fwis kâ¤jd® v‹W òydh»wJ. Úynfá¡FKj‹Kjš ciuia btËÆ£lt® r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®jh‹! fšÉ¤JiwÆY«, j¤Jt¤ JiwÆY« rkz¢ rkam¿P®fŸ JwÉfŸ eLÉY« òfnHhL És§»dh®.rkz¤ j¤Jt m¿P® vd mtiu¥ ngh‰¿d®. rkz«g‰¿ m¿a ÉU«ãa jÄœ¤bj‹wš âU.É.f. mt®fŸr¡fut®¤â eÆdh® å£L¡F tªJ ghl« nf£lh®.
nry« ïuhkrhÄ KjÈahU« á.it.jhnkhju«ãŸisí« jªj áªjhkÂia¡ Flªij¡ fšÿÇÆšgÂah‰¿a c.nt.rhÄ ehj® Kj‹ Kjyhf 1887-ïšgâ¥ã¤jh®. ï¢rkz¡ fh¥ãa¤ij mL¤J Úynfáciuia¢ r¡fut®¤â eÆdh® btËÆ£lh®. Flªij¡fšÿÇÆš j¤Jt¤ JiwÆš òfœbg‰W És§»a ó©omu§fehj KjÈah®jh‹ c.nt.rhÄehjU¡F¢ nry«ïuhkrhÄ KjÈahiu m¿Kf« brŒJ it¤jt®.
炙yhªâ‹ j¤Jt¥ nguháÇa® l§f‹, kndh‹kÂa« Rªjudh® M»nahuhš òfœbg‰wt® ó©omu§fehj®.
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154 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
mtiu¥ nghynt Flªij¡ fšÿÇÆš j¤Jt¤JiwÆš òfœbg‰W És§»a r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®MáÇa®fŸ khzt®fŸ C®¥bghJ k¡fËl« bršth¡F¥ bg‰W« És§»dh®. FlªijÆš k¡fŸ k‹w«(»s¥) 1933-ïš V‰gL¤âdh®. fšÿÇÆš f©o¥òl‹ïUªjhY« midtUlD« rkkhf¥ gH» (bl‹ÅR)¥gªjhLtJ« mwîiu TWtJ« ït® tH¡f«. ïtiu¥ghuh£o M§»nya ïªâa muR ïªâa¡ fšÉ¥ gÂ(I.ï.vÞ) g£l¤ijí« (1920), ïuh› gfö® g£l¤ijí«(1938) mˤjJ.
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155Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®
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156 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
r¡fut®¤â eÆdh®
ïa‰bga® : r¡fut®¤â
áw¥ò¥bga® : ïuh›gfö® r¡fut®¤â eÆdh® (1938)
bg‰nwh® : m¢r«khŸ, m¥ghrhÄ eÆdh®
ãwªjehŸ : 17-05-1880
kiwî ehŸ : 12-02-1960
C® : â©otd« mU»š å^®
fšÉ : br‹id ïuha¥ng£il btÞÈca®Ãiy¥gŸË; br‹id»¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ, ïs§fiy (ã.V)1902; br‹id »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ,KJfiy (v«.V) 1904, br‹id»¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ, fšÉÆaštšYe® (vš.o)1909
g : br‹id fz¡fha® mYtyfvG¤j® (1905-1906); br‹idkhÃy¡ fšÿÇ, j¤Jt¤Jiw,ÉÇîiuahs® (1906-1908); Flªij(F«gnfhz«) muR¡fšÿÇj¤Jt¤Jiw, ÉÇîiuahs® (1908-1912); ïuhrKªâÇ(ïuhrknfªâuòu«) j¤Jt¤Jiw,ÉÇîiuahs® (1912-1917);br‹id khÃy¡ fšÿÇ,j¤Jt¤Jiw¤ jiyt®, (1917-1930); ïuhrKªâÇ (ïuhrknfªâuòu«) muR¡fšÿÇ Kjšt®(1930-1932) Flªij muR¡ fšÿÇ,Kjšt® (1932-1938)
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157Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
gil¥òfŸ : âU¡FwS« rkj®kK« (M§»yM¡f«), âU¡FwŸ - M§»y¤âšciu, gŠrh¤â fha« (rk‰»UjüšfS¡F M§»y¤âš És¡f«),rkarhu«.
gâ¥òfŸ : âU¡FwŸ ird¡ fÉuhr g©oj®ciu, Úynfá rka âthfu thkdKÅt® ciu, nkU kªâu¥ òuhzciu.
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158 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
46 jÄœ¤ njÜ
jŠrhñ® jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡ fHf¤â‹ Msit¡ Tl«(brd£ mu§f«). K¤jÄœ m¿P® ».M.bg.ÉRtehj«vGªJ ËW KH§F»wh®:
“ïJ jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf«. Ú§fŸ jÄœm¿P®fŸ. jÄœ k¡fS¡fhf¤ jÄÊš jÄœ mfuhâbtËÆL»Ö®fŸ. jÄœ bkhÊ¢ brh‰fS¡fhd jÄœmfuhâÆš M§»y¢ brh‰fS¡F¥ bghUŸ vGJtjh? IÞ »ß«, ãô£o gh®y®, Äš¡, nj§¡Þ ngh‹wbrh‰fŸ všyh« jÄÊš ng¢R tH¡»š cŸsd v‹WT¿¤ jÄœ mfuhâÆš nr®¥Õ®fŸ v‹whš gy MÆu«M§»y¢ brh‰fisí«, ïªâ,cUJ¢ brh‰fisí«nr®¡f neU«. ã‰fhy¤âš ïití« jÄœ v‹WfUJth®fŸ. jÄœ fy¥ò¤ jÄHh»¤ âǪJ nghŒÉL«.vdnt jÄœ mfuhâÆš jÄœ¢ brh‰fŸ k£Lnknr®¡f¥bgw nt©L«”.
Ô¡FË¥ng‹
Jizntªj® t.mŒ.R¥ãukÂa« bkhÊÆašm¿P®. mfuhâ cUth¡F« gÂÆš <Lg£oUªjt®fŸbkhÊÆaš m¿P®fŸ. vdnt všnyhU« M§»y¢brh‰fis¢ nr®¡fyh« v‹wd®. m¥goahdhš v⮥ò¤bjÇɤJ btËel¥ò brŒ»‹nw‹ v‹W T¿ btËna¿dh® ».M.bg.É. fhiy 11 k¡F¤ bjhl§»ÆUªjmªj¡ T£l¤âÈUªJ e©gfš 12 k msÉš btËna¿¡ fL« btÆÈš elªjh®. Jizntªj® j«Kilak»Gªij mD¥ãdh®. Äf bkȪj caukhd K¤jÄœm¿P® ÉLÉL vd el¡f¥ ã‹nd k»GªJ C®ty«nghš br‹wJ. mâš Vw kW¤J elªnj br‹W K¡T£L¢rhiyÆš ËW âU¢áuh¥gŸË bršY« ngUªâšV¿¢ br‹wh®. ‘jÄœ¥ gšfiy¡fHf« cUth¡F« jÄœmfuhâÆš M§»y¢ brh‰fis¡ fyªjhš Ô¡FË¥ng‹’v‹W m¿¡if ÉL¤jh®.
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159Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
mfuh⥠ãÂahœ¥ghz« jÄœ mfuhâ 1842-ïš btËtªjJ.
mL¤jL¤J¤ jÄœ mfuhâfis btËÆ£lt®fŸnkY« nkY« brh‰fis¢ nr®ªJ btËÆ£ld®.eh.fâiunt‰ãŸis 1904-ïš jÄœ mfuhâ btËÆ£lnghJ mâš kjbe¿ üšfŸ (rh¤âu§fŸ) ga‹gL¤âíŸs rk‰»Uj¢ brh‰fisí« nr®¤J btËÆ£lh®. Äf ÄFâahd (át á¤jhªj) rk‰»Uj¢ brh‰fis¡ fyªJ jÄG¡F¡ nfL brŒjjhf m¥nghJ v⮥òÉisªjJ.
brhšÉs¡f« TW« mfuhâ ngufuhâahfts®ªjJ. nkY« bghUŸ És¡f« TW« fiy¡fsŠáakhf ts®ªjJ. M¡Rngh®L M§»y¥ ngufuhâia cUth¡f 71 M©LfŸ (1857-1928) MÆd. tlbkhÊ¥ngufuhâ cUth¡f« 1948 Kjš eilbg‰W tU»wJ.bjhF¤J Ko¡f bkh¤j« 90 M©LfŸ MFkh«.br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤ jÄœ¥ ngufuhâia¤ bjhF¡f27 M©LfŸ (1909-1936) MÆd. jÄœ ts®¢á¡ fHf¤â‹rh®ãš bgÇarhÄ öu‹ 1948-ïš bjhl§»¡ fiy¡fsŠáa« bjhF¤J Ko¡f 15 M©LfŸ MÆd. 1200m¿P®fŸ vGâa 15,000 brh‰fS¡fhd És¡f§fŸ 10bjhFâfshf btËtªjd.
‘mãjhd áªjhkÂ’br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHfK« jÄœ ts®¢á¡ fHfK«
ngufuhâiaí« fiy¡fsŠáa¤ijí« cUth¡Ftj‰FK‹d®¤ jÅ xUtuhŒ mãjhd áªjhk v‹wfiy¡ fsŠáa¤ij ïUgjh©LfŸ ciH¤J (1890-1910)M.á§fhuntY KjÈah® cUth¡»dh®. gH§fhy Ãf©LfS« ã‰fhy¤âš tªj mfuhâfS« brh‰bghUŸk£Lnk jUtdthÆU¡f brhš F¿¡F« bghUŸ, go¡F«bghUŸ g‰¿a És¡f« jÄÊš ïšiy. go¡F«nghJtU« òâa brh‰fS¡FÇa bghUS« mit F¿¡F«bghUS¡fhd És¡fK« m¿a ÉU«ògt®fS¡F¥ga‹gl¡ ToaJ fiy¡ fsŠáa« MF«. Vk¢rªâu‹ v‹D« rkz® brŒj mãjhd áªjhk v‹wgiHa Ãf©L x‹W c©L. òuhz ehkhtË v‹W«
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160 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
r®th®¤j á¤â v‹W« bgaÇ£L vGâa j« üY¡FM.á§fhunty® ïWâahf mãjhd áªjhk v‹WbgaÇ£lh®.
jÄœ bkhÊÆš cŸs ïy¡»a«, ïy¡fz«,tuyhW, g©ghL, rka«, kU¤Jt«, fiyfŸ KjÈa gyJiw¢ brh‰fis vL¤J KG És¡fK« f£Liu nghyvGâ m›t¥nghJ bjhF¤Jtªjh® á§fhunty®.fh¥ãa§fËY« òuhz§fËY« tU« fij khªj®,tuyh‰¿š tU« k‹d®fŸ, rka moah®fŸ, òyt®fŸ,C®fŸ,tuyh‰W¢ áw¥ãl§fŸ g‰¿a F¿¥òfis¤bjhF¤jh®. jh« bršY« üyf§fŸ,C®fŸ, go¡F«üšfŸ, ïjœfŸ, J©L¤ jhŸfŸ, nf£F« brh‰bghÊîfŸ všyht‰¿ÈUªJ« »il¡F« brŒâfis¥gytif ky®fis eho¢ br‹W nj‹ vL¡F« jÄœnjÜahŒ¤ âu£odh®.
btËp£L Ka‰áá§fhunty® 20 M©LfŸ ïilawhJ bjhF¤J
vGâa g¡f§fŸ MÆu¤ij¤ jh©od. mãjhdáªjhk v‹W bgaÇ£L m¢áš bfh©L tu Ka‹wh®.mtÇl« nghJkhd gztÈik ïšiy. MÆu¤J¡Fnk‰g£l g¡f§fŸ v‹wJ« m¢rf¤jhU« mŠád®.ifahš vGâa g¡f§fS« gl§fS« vL¤J¢ br‹Wbršt®fËlK« jÄœ m¿P®fËlK« fh£o m¢áa‰wcjÉ nt©odh®. ‘fod ciH¥ghšjh‹ ï›tsîbjhF¡f Koí«; jÄœ bkhÊ¡F¡ f£lha« njitahdòJikahd üš v‹W ghuh£o¡ T¿d®; ã‹ ï›tsîbgÇa üiy m¢áLtJ fod« v‹wd®. gyU¡F« klšvGâdh®. gaÅšiy. üš g‰¿ És¡» m¿¡iffŸmD¥ãdh®. ÉilÆšiy.
ïjœ btËp£lhs®fis mQ»¤ bjhluhfbtËÆl nt©odh®. òâdkhf ïUªjhš thrf®fŸÉU«ã¥ go¥g®; ï›tsî g¡f§fis¤ bjhluhfî«btËÆl KoahJ v‹W ifÉǤjd®. tuyh‰w¿P®É.fdfrig¥ ãŸis 1899-ïš üiy¥ ghuh£oí«ïªüš btËÆl cjîkhW« klš vGâ¡ bfhL¤jh®.nguháÇa® nrr»Ç¢ rh¤âÇah® jh« ïnjnghy üšx‹W vGâ tUtjhf¡ T¿É£lh®. üiy btËÆlïayhkš á§fhynty® kd« behªJ ïUªjh®.
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161Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
njo tªj cjÉ
á§fhunty® mD¥ãa klšfŸ _yK« m¿¡iffŸ_yK« jÄHf¤âš gyU¡F« mtuJ üš m¢nrwhkš»l¥gJ bjǪâUªjJ. kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f« ÃWÉaghyte¤j« tseh£lh® (rÛ‹jh®) gh©o¤Jiu njt®br‹id¡F tªJ á§fhunty® vGâit¤âUªj mãjhdáªjhk üÈ‹ ifbaG¤J¥ goia¥ go¤J EÈ‹áw¥ig cz®ªjh®. j«Kl‹ vL¤J¢br‹W kJiu¤jÄœ¢ r§f¥ òyt®fis¡ bfh©L cÇa âU¤j§fS«nr®¡iffS« brŒjh®. Û©L« á§fhuntyÇl«bfhL¤J m¢áa‰w¥ gzK« bfhL¤jh®. Kjš gâ¥ò1910-ïš btËtªjJ. ïªüš jÅüy‹W; ïJ gyrh‹nwh® ïa‰¿a üšfË‹ bjhF¥ghF« v‹W TW«á§fhunty®, jh« âu£oa brŒâ¤ bjhF¥ò¡F _ykhfïUªj üyháÇa®fS¡F«, mÇa üšfŸ jªJ cjÉam¿P®fS¡F« ïjHháÇa®fS¡F« e‹¿ ghuh£oíŸsh®. ïu©lh« gâ¥ò¡F cÇa nr®¡iffS« âU¤j§fS« brŒJ m¢áš MÆu« g¡f§fŸ tiu mtnu bkŒ¥ò(ò%~¥) gh¤J¤ âU¤j§fŸ brŒjh®. mt® nehŒthŒ¥g£L ïwªjjhš, mt® kf‹ át¥ãufhr« bghW¥ng‰Wm¢ál Ka‹wh®. mtuhš ïayhJ nghfnt mt®fË‹FL«g e©g® âUth%® nrhkRªju njáf® JizahÆUªJ bkŒ¥ò¥ gh®¤jjhš ïu©lh« gâ¥ò 1634g¡f§fSl‹ btËtªjJ. gŸËfŸ, fšÿÇfŸ, jÄœMŒî ÃWtd§fŸ M»a ïl§fËš ïU¡f nt©oaJ«,jÄœ ïy¡»a« gƉWÉ¡F« MáÇa®fŸ, jÄœMŒths®fŸ, brh‰bghÊths®fŸ M»nahÇ‹ ifÆšïU¡f nt©oaJ« M»a áwªj mãjhd áªjhkÂvD« ïªüiy¥ gil¤j á§fhuntyÇ‹ bjh©Le‹¿íl‹ jÄH®fŸ ngh‰Wtj‰FÇajhF«.
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162 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
M. á§fhuntY KjÈah®
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163Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
M. á§fhuntY KjÈah®
ïa‰bga® : á§fhuntY
áw¥ò¥bga® : Mÿ® á§fhuntY KjÈah®
jªij : tuj¥g KjÈah®
ãw¥ò : 1855
kiwªj ehŸ : 05-11-1931
C® : bgh‹Éiisªj fs¤ö® mU»š,Mÿ®
fšÉ : bjhl¡f¡fšÉ, gŸË¡fšÉ,rk‰»UjK« bjY§F bkhÊí«;jÄœ¡ fšÉ: khÃy¡ fšÿÇÆ‹XŒî bg‰w jÄHháÇa®ïuhrnfhghy¥ ãŸisÆl«.
g : g¢ira¥g‹ mw¡f£lis¡ fšÉ¢rhiy¤ jÄHháÇa® (1875-1913),br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤ jÄœ¥ngufuhâÆš irtá¤jhªj tšYe®(1926-27)
gil¥ò : g£od¤jh® ghlšfŸ ÉU¤âíiu,mãjhd áªjhk (1910), mãjhdáªjhk (ÉÇîgL¤âa ïu©lh«gâ¥ò, 1934)
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164 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
47. jÄœ¤ jh¤jhî¡F cjÉat®!
É‹Þnyh (Rev Dr. Micro Winsiow), bg®átš (Rev.P.Percival)M»a ïUtU« ïy§if¡F 1833-ïš tªjd®. ng¥ÇÎaÞbjhF¤j jÄœ M§»y« mfuhâia ÉÇth¡» ïuh£y®37,000 brh‰fSl‹ gâ¥ã¤âUªjh®. mjidnkY«br¥g« brŒJ 1862-ïš 67,000 brh‰fSl‹ É‹ÞnyhbtËÆ£lh®. bg®átš »¿¤Jtkiwia (ÉÉÈa¤ij)¤jÄÊš bkhÊbga®¡F« gÂÆš <Lg£oUªjh®. ïtÇl« khztuhÆUªJ ïtU¡nf jÄœf‰W¡ bfhL¤jMWKfehty® bkhÊbga®¥ò¥gÂÆY« cjÉdh®.É‹Þnyh, bg®átš M»a ïUtU« jh« brŒj mfuhâ,»¿¤Jtkiw bkhÊ bga®¥ò M»at‰iw m¢áL«gÂÆš jk¡F cjîtj‰fhf MWKfehty®, á.it.jhnkhju‹ ãŸis M»nahiu¢ br‹id¡F miH¤Jtªjd®. mnj nghš ÉRtehj‹ v‹w jÄœ¥òyik Ä¡fïisP® ïy§ifÆÈUªJ br‹id tªJ go¡f cjÉd®.
ÉRtehj‹ ahœ¥ghz¤â‹ kšyhf« v‹w CÇd®.kšyhf« vÅš (kš : k‰ngh® ; Mf« : beŠR, mfy«,kh®ò) k‰nghÇš áwªj ÉǪj guªj kh®ãid cilaåu®fŸ thG« C® v‹W bghUŸ. br‹id¡F tªjÉRtehj‹ br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fH¤âš ïs§fiy tF¥ãš nr®ªJ g£l« bg‰wh®. ït® nfhkçRtu‹ ng£ilÆš FoÆUªjh®. ïtU¡F¢ br‹id khÃy¡ fšÉ¤Jiw¤ jiyt® mYtyf¤âš bkhÊbga®¥ghs® ntiy»il¤J. É‹ÞnyhÉ‹ jÄœ M§»y« mfuhâia m¢áL« gÂÆš Äfî« cjÉahf ïUªjh®.
bgUkf‹ÉRtehj‹ kf‹ fdfrig gŸË¥go¥ig Ko¤J¢
br‹id muád® fšÿÇÆš ïs§fiy go¤J¥ g£l«bg‰wnghJ, g£l« bg‰w RWRW¥ghd m¿îŸs mªjïisPid midtU« ‘g£ljhÇ¥ iga‹’ (Boy Graduate)v‹W ghuh£od®.
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165Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
fdfrig mŠršJiwÆš mYtyf CÊauhf¥gÂÆš nr®ªjh®. ÉL¥ãš br‹W Xuh©oš r£lÉaÈš ïsÃiy¥ g£l« (ã.vš.) bg‰wh®. kJiuia¢nr®ªj kU¤Jt® bgh‹idah¥ãŸisÆ‹ kfŸ bršy«khis kzªjh®. mjdhš kJiuÆš tH¡FiuPuhf¥gÂah‰w¤ bjhl§»dh®. Mdhš br‹idÆš mŠršJiw nk‰gh®itahs® g »il¤jjhš br‹id¡nftªJ nr®ªjh®. gjÉ ca®î bg‰W¢ br‹id khÃymŠryf§fË‹ ca®Ãiy¡ f©fhÂ¥ghs® Mdh®.
jh¤jhî¡FfdfrigahÇ‹ jªij 1884-ïY« jhŒ 1885-ïY«
ïwªjd®. jªij jhia ïHªj J‹g« nghjhbj‹WïtUila FHªijfŸ ïu©L« mL¤jL¤J ïwªjd.thœÉaÈš J‹g« f©L Jt©Lnghd j« cŸs¤ij¤jÄœ¥ g‰whš nj‰¿, mYtyf¥gÂnghf Ûâ neubkšyh« jÄœ ïy¡»a§fËš _œ»dh®. m¡fhy¢br‹id khÃy¤â‹ (Mªâu«, fUehlf«, kiyahs«cŸË£l jÄHf«) mid¤J C®fS¡F« mŠryf§fisnk‰gh®itÆL« bghU£L¢ br‹Wtªjh®. bršY«C®fËš »il¡F« V£L¢Rtofis¤ bjhF¤jh® fšbt£L¡fis¥ govL¤jh®. VLfis¥ govL¡f¤ jk¡FcjÉahf m¥ghî¥ãŸis v‹gtiu¥ g¡F mk®¤â¡bfh©lh®.
jÄœ ïy¡fz ïy¡»a Xiy¢Rtofis¤ bjhF¡fî« govL¡fî« F¿¥òfŸ vGjî« m¥ghî¥ ãŸis 20M©LfŸ fdfrigahÇl« gÂah‰¿íŸsh®. fL«ciH¥ãš v›tsî VLfŸ 20 M©LfËš bjhF¡f¥bg‰¿U¡F«? m›tsití« jÄœ¤ jh¤jh c.nt.rhÄehjmŒaU¡F m›t¥nghJ tH§»dh®. ï›thW òweh}W,g¤J¥gh£L, áy¥gâfhu« KjÈa gy ïy¡»a§fË‹V£L¢ Rto¡ f£Lfis¡ bfhL¤JŸsh®.
tuyh‰W¥ gÂbg®átš FUkh® jÄHf¤âš tH§»tªj jÄœ¥
gHbkhÊfis¤ bjhF¤J btËÆ£lh®. mtiu¥nghšgid Xiy¢ Rtofisí« fšbt£Lfisí« bjhF¤jfdfrigah® ïy¡»a§fis tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfis¤
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166 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jU« Mtz§fshf¡ fUâ MŒî brŒa¤ bjhl§»dh®.fšbt£LfËY« ïy¡»a§fËY« cŸs tuyh‰W¡F¿¥òfis¤ âu£o¢ r§fhy¤ jÄH®fË‹ thœÉašáw¥ig ‘bk£uhÞ buÉô’ (Madras Review) ïjÊš vGâtuyhdh®. ïjid¢ br‹id ca®Úâ k‹w¤â‹ jiytuhf¥ bghW¥ãš ïUªj r®. R¥ãukÂa mŒa® (ã‰fhy¤âš kfh‹ k mŒa®) ghuh£o klš vGâaJl‹bjhl®ªJ vGJ«go C¡f« bfhL¤jh®. ï¡f£Liufis üyh¡» MÆu¤bj©ûW M©LfS¡F K‰g£ljÄH®fŸ (Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years ago) vd btËÆ£lbghGJ fdfrigah® j« üiy R¥ãukÂa mŒaU¡F¡fh¡if M¡»dh®.
cyf¢ br«bkhÊfŸ VÊš ï‹W« thœªJbfh©oU¡F« bkhÊfŸ ÓdK« jÄG« k£Lnk. Ódeh£odU¡F« jÄœ eh£odU¡F« ïU¡f¡Toa g©gh£L ehfÇf ïd x‰Wikfis¡ fdfrigah® ÃWÉíŸsh®. áy¥gâfhu¤âY« mj‰F Kªija r§fïy¡»a§fËY« fhz¥gL« tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfis¡bfh©L jÄHf Ãy¥ãÇî Ãymik¥ò, maš eh£LÃy¥ãÇî Ãymik¥ò, maš eh£L cŸeh£L tÂf«,gH§FoÆd® thœî, _ntªj® M£á, ïy¡»a«, rka«M»ad g‰¿ vGâíŸsh®. k§nfhÈa®, ehf® M»nahUl‹ gh«ò tÊghL g‰¿a jÄÊd tuyh‰W¤bjhl®òfis ïªüÈš fhzyh«. <uhÆu« M©LfS¡F Kªija jÄH®fË‹ br«khªj thœÉaiytuyh‰wo¥gilÆš cyF¡F M§»y¤âš cz®¤âaJfdfrigahÇ‹ üš MF«.
tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfis¤ ju¡Toa ïy¡»a§fŸM»a tuyh‰W ÃfœÉ‹ mo¥gilÆš njh‹¿a fstÊeh‰gJ, fȧf¤J¥guÂ, É¡»uk nrhH‹ cyh v‹D«ïy¡»a§fis M§»y¤âš bkhÊbga®¤jh® fdfrigah®. ïit jÄHÇ‹ bjh‹ik g‰¿a M§»y ïjÊš(The Tamilian Antiquary) ‘jÄœ tuyh‰W ïy¡»a§fŸ’ (Tamilhistorical Texts) v‹w jiy¥ãš btËtªjd. Ód eh£L¤bjhl®ig ÃWÉa fdfrigah®, jÄH®fŸ t§fhs«,g®kh KjÈa ehLfis bt‹w tuyh‰W¥ bgUikiaí«M§»y¤âš üyhf vGâíŸsh®.
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167Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
br‹id¥ gšfiy¡fHf ïs§fiy KJfiy¥g£l§fS¡fhd nj®î¡FG¡fËš fdfrigah® nj®thsuhf ïUªJŸsh®.
kJiu¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ M©LÉHhÉš 1905-ïšjiyik jh§»¤ jÄHÇ‹ tuyh‰W¥ bgUik g‰¿¢brh‰bghÊth‰¿dh®. v£t®£ ïstur® br‹idtªjnghJ M§»y¤âš tunt‰òiu M‰¿dh®. mŠryfnk‰gh®it¥ g bjhl®ghf¡ fhŠáòu« br‹¿UªjnghJ ey§F‹¿ ïwªjh®.
ty§ifkh‹ fÂa® (nrháa®) xUtÇ‹ tÊfh£LjÈš Xf« (nahf¥ gƉá) f‰¿Uªj fdfrigah®cl‰gƉáí« brŒJ ešy cl‰f£Ll‹ thœªjt®. á.it.jhnkhjudh® ïtiu¥ ngh‰¿íŸsh® :
‘guªj be‰¿, mf‹w cU©ilahd Kf«,Fɪj f©, bgÇa jiy¥ghif, fU¤j Ûir, vL¤jnjh‰w«, â©Âa clš M»a ïit gh®¤jîlndït® xU ešy jÄH® v‹gij vL¤J¡ fh£L«.”
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168 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
É. fdfrig¥ ãŸis
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169Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
É. fdfrig¥ ãŸis
ïa‰bga® : fdfrig
jªij : ÉRtehj¥ ãŸis
ãwªjehŸ : 25-05-1855
kiwªj ehŸ : 21-02-1906
C® : ahœ¥ghz« mU»š kšyhf«
âUkz« : 1876, bršy«khŸ
fšÉ : br‹id nfhknsRtu‹ ng£il :gŸË¡fšÉ
br‹id muR¡fšÿÇ : ïs§fiy(ã.V)
br‹id r£l¡fšÿÇ : r£lÉaš(ã.vš)
g : br‹id mŠršJiw CÊa® 1 M©L
kJiu : tH¡FiuP®.br‹id: mŠršJiw nk‰gh®itahs®, (SUPRINTENDENT OF POST OFFICES)
gil¥òfŸ : The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years ago(‘The Madras Review’) ïjÊš 1895 -1901) üš : 1904 ; jÄÊš : fh. m¥gh¤Jiuah® bkhÊbga®¥ò : 1956)
“The Indian Antiquary”ïjÊš Tamilhistorical Texts (fstÊ eh‰gJ, fȧf¤J¥ guÂ, É¡»uknrhH‹ cyhM»a ïy¡»a§fŸ M§»y¤âšbkhÊ bga®¥ò)
The conquest of Begal and Burma by TheTamils : Rajaraja chola. brªjÄœ khjïjÊš f£LiufŸ.
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170 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
48 fªjrhÄ¥ ãŸisí« jÄœ kfS«
“M§»nya¥ nguuirna ïHªjhY« ïH¥ngh«;brf¥ ãÇaÇ‹ ïy¡»a§fis ïH¡fkh£nlh«”v‹wh® fh®iyš. mªj M§»nya¥ nguuir M©LtªjÉ¡nlhÇah nguuá fhiyÆš f©ÉʤjJ« »¿¤Jtkiwia¥ (ÉÉÈa¤ij) go¥gJl‹ âU¡Fwisí«kwthkš ehŸnjhW« go¥ghuh«. mj‰F¡ fhuz«âU¡FwŸ gyKiw, gyuhš M§»y¤âY« ãw bkhÊfËY« bkhÊ bga®¡f¥ bg‰W cyfbkšyh« guÉanjMF«. cybfyh« cz®ªJ XJ« âU¡Fwis¤ jÄœeh£Lk¡fŸ f‰W¥ ngh‰¿ rÇtu¥ ã‹g‰¿ thHhkš cŸsdnuv‹W tU¤j¥g£lh® ïyhruÞ v‹D« FUkh® (Rev.Dr.J.Lazarus). ït® âU¡Fwis 1852-ïš M§»y¤âš bkhÊbga®¤JŸsh®; jÄœ ïy¡fz« g‰¿ 1878-ïš M§»yüš vGâíŸsh® ; e‹}iy M§»y¤âš bkhÊbga®¤jJl‹ jÄœ¥ gHbkhÊfisí« bjhF¤JŸsh®.ït® »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš Kidt® Äšy® KjštuhfïUªjnghJ jÄHháÇauhf ïUªJŸsh®.
mH»a jÄœkfŸfU¥g® efu¤âÈUªJ (ãsh¡f®Þ lî‹) mt‹ tªJ
bfh©L ïUªjh‹; btŸisa® efu¤âÈUªJ (#h®{lî‹) mtŸ tªjhŸ. br‹id ca®Úâk‹w¤â‹ mU»šm¥nghJ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ ïUªjJ. mt‹ tF¥ãšgo¤J¡ bfh©oUªj xnu bg© mtŸ! mtÅl« mtŸjÄœ¥ òyikia¡ f©lhŸ; mtËl« mt‹ g‹bkhÊ ïy¡»a neh¡FKiwiaí« bkhÊÆaiyí«òǪJ bfh©lh‹. ï¤jhÈa«, ãbuŠR, M§»y«,b#®khÅa« m¿ªj mªj¤ jÄœ kfis mt‹ fhjȤjh‹. ïyhruá‹ kfsh»a mtis¡ »¿¤Jt kj¤J¡Fkh¿¤ âUkz« òǪJ bfh©lh‹. mt‹ ïstš, Äšy®tF¥ãš NÇaehuhaz rh¤âÇíl‹ cl‹ khzh¡fdhŒ go¤jh‹.
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171Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
m©z‹ j«ã ïUtU« j« brhªj Cuh»a gŸËmfu« tUt®. tU«nghbjšyh« j« á¿a jªij Úynkf«ãŸisÆ‹ kf‹ fªjrhÄÆl« jÄœ ïy¡»a« g‰¿ciuahLt®. fªjrhÄ jÄnHhL M§»y«, ï¤jhÈa«,rk‰»Uj«, ãbuŠR M»a bkhÊfisí« f‰W¥ òyikbg‰wjhš bkhÊ bga®¡fî« ïy¡»a¤ jÄœ kfis¥òâa f©nzh£l¤âš gh®¡fî« KoªjJ.
jÄœ¡f£ll«Ãy¡»Hhuhfî«, f£ll x¥gªj¡fhuuhfî« ïUªj
j« jªijia¥ nghynt, gŸË¥ go¥ig Ko¤jJ«, Ú.fªjrhÄ¥ãŸis bjhÊÈš ïw§»dh®. fuªij¤ jÄœr§f¤J x¥gªj¡fhuuhf¥ gÂah‰¿ajhš bgU«òyt®fSl‹ beU§»¥ gHF« thŒ¥ò¡ »il¤jJ. ckhknfRtudhiu¥ nghynt Úâ¡ f£áÆš <LghL bfh©LÉs§»dh®. j« å£o‰F ‘m¿tf«’ v‹W bgaÇ£L Äf¢áwªj üšÃiya« å£onyna mik¤jh®. j« å£ilnajÄœ¢r§f« M¡»dh®. jŠir¡F« fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤J¡F« tUif jU« jÄH¿P®fis¤ j« å£L¡FmiH¤J ÉUªJ eš»dh®.
f£ll x¥gªj¡fhu® ntiyÆš f©o¥ò«, ne®ikí«, xG§F«, m¿î E£gK« bfh©ltuhf És§»ajhšÚ.f. jŠirÆš òfœ bg‰w x¥gªj¡fhu® Mdh®. fuªij¤jÄœ¢ r§f¡ f£ll§fis¡ f£o¡bfhL¤jh®. jh«bg‰¿Uªj e‰òfœ, bršt«, jÄœ¥ òyik M»at‰whšjÄœ¢ r§f¤ij¡ f£o¡fh¡F« mik¢ruhfî« (brayhsuhfî«) Mdh®. fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤ jhshsuhfî«(bjhl®ghsuhfî«) ïUªJŸsh®. jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹‘jÄœ¥ bghÊš’ ïy¡»a khj ïjÊš MáÇauhfî«ïUªjh®. m›ÉjÊš bjhl®ªJ f£LiufS« vGâtªjh®. fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤â‹ rh®ãš m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡ fHf M£á¥ nguit (brd£) cW¥ãduhf¤ nj®ªbjL¡f¥ bg‰wh®. m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤â‹ f£ll§fis x¥gªj¡fhuuhf ïUªJ f£o¡bfhL¤jh®.
br‹idÆš ‘ãufâ’ (jŠir¥ bgÇa nfhÆšïiwt‹ ‘bgUîilah®’ v‹gij MÇa® rk‰»Ujkh¡»¥‘ãufÔRtu®’ v‹wj‹ RU¡f« ãufâ) v‹w âiu¥gl¥
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172 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
gl¥ão¥ò Ãiya¤ij f£o¤ âiu¥gl§fŸ vL¤JŸsh®. g«gš r«gªj KjÈahÇ‹ ‘rghgâ’ (1941), ruRtâáÅ ãÈ« nygu£lÇ cUth¡»a ‘v‹ kidÉ’ v‹D«ïu©L âiu¥gl§fŸ mtUila gl¥ão¥ò Ãiya¤âš vL¡f¥ bg‰wit.
gâ¥ò¥ gÂbt©gh òidtâš âwik bg‰¿Uªj Ú.f. j« C®
g‰¿¥ ‘gŸËafu¥ gH§fij’ v‹W ‘jyòuhz«’ nghšvGâdh®. j« Ciu¢ rh®ªJ« âUitah‰iw¢ R‰¿í«ÃfG« VG®¤ âUÉHh (r¥jÞjhd«) mo¥gilÆš‘V>® njthu¤ âu£L’ bjhF¤J btËÆ£lh®. f«guhkhaz¥ gâ¥ò v›thW mika nt©L« vd M§»y¤âš m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡ fHf¤ JizntªjU¡FvGâa klY« (1953) ‘f«guhkhaz¥ gâ¥ò« Ãiyí«’vd¤ jÄœ¥ bghÊš ïjÊš vGâa bjhl® f£Liuí«(1954) f«guhkhaz¥ gâ¥ig ah¥ãaš Kiw¥go¢brŒtj‰F«, rªâãǤJ vËik¥gL¤Jtj‰F« k®nuvÞ. ïuh#« ÃWtd¤J¡F« m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤J¡F« tÊfh£od. jÄœ ïy¡»a§fis¥ òâjhf¡f‰f K‰gL« khzt®fS¡F« khzÉfS¡F« jÄœÉiuªJ go¡f¤ bjÇahjt®fS¡F« ï«Kiw Äf¥bgÇa cjÉahŒ mikªjJ.
m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡ fHf« ‘âUthrf«’ (1964)gâ¥ã¡F« gÂia mtÇl« bfhL¤jJ. k®nu ÃWtd¤â‹ gâ¥ò m¿îiuahsuhf ïUªjJl‹, mªÃWtd¤âš bjhšfh¥ãa«, fšyhl«, âUthrf« M»at‰iwí«gâ¥ã¤jh®. jŠir ‘ruRtâ kfhš’ üš Ãiya¤â‹kâ¥ãaš brayhsuhf ïUªjnghJ mÇa Xiy¢ Rtofis¥ gâ¥ã¤jh®. åukhKÅtÇ‹ ‘brªjÄœ’, ‘bfhLªjÄœ’ v‹D« üšfis¥ gâ¥ã¤jh®. khzt®fS¡F¥ga‹gl¡Toa M§»y¡ fÉijfis¤ âu£o ïu©LbjhFâfshf btËÆ£lh®. ãbuŠR ïªâa MŒÉašÃWtd¤âš gÂah‰¿anghJ gHªjÄœ¢ brhšyilî(_‹W bjhFâfŸ), brªjÄœ mfuhâ KjÈat‰iw¤bjhF¤jh®.
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173Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
bkhÊ bga®¥òg‹bkhÊ m¿î« bkhÊ bga®¥ò M‰wY« ïy¡»a
EQ¡fK« bfh©l Ú.f. jÄœ¥ bghÊš ïjÊš kJuhÉ#a« v‹w rk‰»Uj üÈ‹ bkhÊ¥ bga®¥ghf tªjüš g‰¿¤ âwdhŒªJ bjhl® f£Liu vGâdh®.jÄiH¢ br«bkhÊ vd Kj‹ Kjš m¿É¤j fhšLbtštuyh‰W kyiu¤ jÄœ¥ bghÊÈš btËÆ£lh®. j«m‹ò kfŸ cÆÇHªjnghJ V‰g£l Mwh¤ Jaiu¤jÄœkfŸghš bfh©l g‰whš j¤jh®; jhkÞ »nuvGâa ‘eh£L¥òw¡ fšyiw ïu§f‰gh’ v‹w M§»yüiy¤ jÄÊš bkhÊ bga®¤J kfS¡F¡ fh¡ifM¡»dh®. ïªüÈ‹ K‹DiuÆš,
“áy ra§fËš xU mUikahd üiy _ybkhÊÆš gÆY«nghJ bgW»‹w ï‹g¤ijí«gaidí« Él bkhÊ bga®¥ò üiy¥ gÆY»‹wt®fŸ ÄFâahf milí« Ãiy V‰gLtJ©L”.
v‹W vGâíŸsh®. Ú.f. brŒJŸs jÄœbkhÊ bga®¥gh»a ïªüiy¥ gÆY«nghJ jÄœk¡fŸ ïjidcz®th®fŸ. ïij¥nghynt jÄÊÈUªJ M§»y¤J¡F Ú.f. bkhÊ bga®¤JŸs ‘e‰¿iz’ v‹D« r§f¥ghlšfis¥ go¡»‹w nkiy eh£lh® cz®th®fŸ.
jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtudh® nghynt Úâ¡f£áia É£L Éy»¢ rkaŠ rh®ªJ f«guhkhaz¥gu¥òeuhfî«, âUthrf be¿Æduhfî« thœªjh®.
g‹bkhÊ M‰wš Ä¡f Ú.f. jŤjÄÊš ngrî«,vGjî« brŒjh®. ÉUªJ miH¥ãš gh‰FH«ò (ghahr«),ÄsF Ú® (ur«), jÆ®nrhW (jâa‹d«) vd¥ ga‹gL¤âdh®. jŠir ruRtâ kfhš üyf¤â‹ kâ¥ãašbrayhsuhf ïUªjnghJ, á¤j kU¤Jt V£L¢Rtofis¥ gâ¥ã¤jh®. jÄHf muR á¤j kU¤Jt¡ fHf¤âšÚ.f. - mt®fis cW¥ãduhf mk®¤âaJ. ïªâa bkhÊv‹whny rk‰»Uj«, ïªâa kU¤Jt« v‹whny MíŸntj« v‹W ãw eh£oduhš m¿a bg‰¿UªjJ. ïªÃiyÆš r§f¤ jÄœ ïy¡»akh»a ‘e‰¿iz’ia bkhÊbga®¤J jÄÊ‹ bgUikiaí« bjh‹ikiaí« Ãiyeh£oaJ nghš, á¤j kU¤Jt¤â‹ bjh‹ikiaí«áw¥igí« tuyh‰iwí« Äf¢ áwªj KiwÆš És¡»M§»y¤âš ÉÇthd üš vGâ cyF¡nf cz®¤âdh®.
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174 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
Ú. fªjrhÄ¥ãŸis
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175Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
Ú. fªjrhÄ¥ãŸis
ïa‰bga® : fªjrhÄ
bg‰nwh® : rîªjutšÈ, Úynkf« ãŸis
ãwªj M©L : 1898
kiwªj M©L : 1977
C® : jŠir mU»š gŸË mfu« (gŸËm¡»ufhu«)
fšÉ : öangJU gŸË : gŸË ïWâ tF¥òtiu.
bgU«òyt® Ûdh£á Rªju«ãŸisÆ‹ khzt®. rhÄehj¥ãŸisÆl« âUKUfh‰W¥gil,âUbt©fhL nt§flrhÄ ehíLÉl« f«guhkhaz«.
MáÇa® m¥ghî MrhÇahÇl« m¿îüš, fz¡»aš.
g : f£ll x¥gªj¡fhu®
f u ª i j ¤ j Ä œ ¢ r § f m i k ¢ r ®(brayhs®) : 1941-44
fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f¤ bjhl®ghs®(jhshs®) : 1942-45
fuªij¤ jÄœ¢r§f ïy¡»a ïjœ‘jÄœ¥bghÊš’ MáÇa®.
ãufâ gl¥ão¥ò Ãiya cÇikahs® (1940-45)
m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡ fHf Msit(brd£) cW¥ãd® (1952 - 54)
k®nu. vÞ. ïuh#« ÃWtd« : gâ¥ò¡fU¤Jiuahs® (1954-58)
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176 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
òJit : ãbuŠR ïªâa MŒÉašÃWtd« (1962 -67)
jŠir ruRtâ kfhš : kâ¥ãašbrayhs® (1968-73)
jÄHf muR á¤j kU¤Jt¡ fHfcW¥ãd® (1974-77)
gil¥òfŸ : gŸËafu¥ gH§fij (1938)
jhkÞ »nuÆ‹ ïu§f‰gh (1961) : AnElegy written in a country churchyard
gHªjÄœ¢ brhšyilî (3 bjhFâfŸ)(1967), brªjÄœ mfuhâ, History ofSiddha (1978), Natrinai (Text and Translation)
gâ¥òfŸ : V>®¤ njthu¤ âu£L, bjhšfh¥ãa«, fšyhl«, âUthrf«,ruRtâ kfhš üš Ãiya¤â‹ á¤jkU¤Jt üšfŸ, åukhKÅtÇ‹ brªjÄœ bfhLªjÄœ.
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177Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
49 gF¤j¿î¥ gh£l‹!
fh£L¡nfhÆš bjU v‹W miH¡f¥g£l ‘yÞ’gFâÆš c©ikÆš fhLjh‹ ïUªjJ. bgÇa khËiff£o btŸisa® áy® thœªJ tªjd®. ïuî neu¤âšgh«òfis mo¤J¥ nghLtJ«, eÇÆ‹ Cisia¡nf£gJ«jh‹ bghGJ ngh¡F. njdh« ng£il k¡»¤njh£l¤âš (MÆu« És¡F mU»š k¡» khefu«)mnah¤âjhr g©oj® v‹w áwªj á¤j kU¤Jt®ïUªjh®. mtÇl« gh«ò¡ fo¡F«, njŸ bfh£L¡F«XLth®fŸ.
fhá nk£oš kU¤Jt m¿PU«, fÉghL« òytU«,á¤j kU¤Jt üšfŸ gy vGâatUkhd tšyf fhs¤âef® mnah¤âjhr fÉuhr g©ojÇl« go¤j fh¤jtuha‹, j« MáÇa®nkš bfh©l g‰whš j« bgaiumnah¤âjhr‹ v‹W kh‰¿¡ bfh©lh®. MáÇaiu¥nghynt kU¤Jt¤ JiwÆY«, jÄÊY« òyik bg‰WÉs§»a mtiu¥ bghJk¡fŸ ‘mnah¤âjhr g©oj®’v‹nw miH¤jd®.
r§fk r§f«
áªJbtË gRgâí« jÄHf¤J¤ âU_yU« fh£oaXf« (nahf«), Phd« v‹D« á¤jbe¿Æš ‘x‹nwFyD« xUtnd njtD«’ vd thG« tif f©lt®fŸjÄH®fŸ. mªj¢ á¤jbe¿ia¥ gu¥ã tªj fhá ÉRehj¥g©lhu« v‹gtÇl« mnah¤â jhr® iftša etÚj«f‰w¿ªjh®. (bj‹dh£oÈUªJ fhátiu elªnjb r ‹ W â U « ò g t ® fŸ ‘ á t ‹ ’ v d ¥ ã‹bdh£LbgWt®. m§nfna j§»¢ rka¢ rl§FfŸ brŒJ gz«<£Lgt®fŸ g©lhu§fŸ vd¥ bgWt®; ã‹dhËš ïJ‘g©lh’ vd¢ RU§»aJ. fháÆš mUSiu nf£L¢rkaPhd« (Ô¡if) bg‰wt® Mâr§fu® (».ã. 768) Mth®.ã‰fhy¢ r§fuu®fŸ/r§fuh¢rhÇfŸ Xf« Phd« É£L‘rÇia »Çia’ v‹D« rl§Ffisí«, Fy«, rhâ ïd«,
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178 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
_l e«ã¡iffisí«, rk‰»Uj nkyh©ikiaí«ã‹g‰w¤ bjhl§»d®). iftša¢ á¤juh»a m.jh.Mâr§fuÇ‹ ‘ïu©lW’ (m¤Jitj«) bfhŸifia V‰W1870-ïš ‘m¤Jitjhdªj rig’ia¤ bjhl§»dh®.
kjkh‰w v⮥ò»¿¤Jt®fŸ jkJ fšÉ¤ bjh©lhY«, kU¤Jt¤
bjh©lhY« ïªJ rka¤jtiu¤ j« kj¤J¡F kh‰¿d®.jhœ¤j¥g£l rKjha¤ij¢ nr®ªjt®fis¡ F¿¥ghfÛdt®fisí«, kiythœ gH§FoÆd k¡fisí«mt®fŸ »¿¤Jt kj¤â‰F kh‰¿d®. Úykiy (Úy»Ç)¥gFâÆš cjfk©ly¤âš »¿¤Jt kj¤J¡F kiy ïdk¡fŸ kh‰w¥gLtij v⮤J m.jh.,m§F br‹WgÂah‰¿dh®. »¿¤Jtuhtjhš, jhŒbkhÊiaí«,jhŒeh£L¥ g‰iwí«, g©gh£ilí« É£L mašeh£LbkhÊiaí«, g©gh£ilí« V‰f neÇL« v‹Wv¢rǤjh®. m§nfna njhl® ïd¥bg©iz kzªJbfh©L ïªJ kj njr¡ fU¤Jfis¥ gu¥ãdh®.ãiH¥ò¤ njo ïu§T‹, g®kh KjÈa ehLfS¡F¤jÄH®fŸ F¿¥ghf¤ jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fŸ f©fhÂfshšVkh‰¿ mD¥g¥gLtij m¿ªj mtU« m§F¢ br‹W10 M©LfŸ gÂah‰¿¤ âU«ãdh®.
ïªJ ïšiym.jh. rk‰»Uj kiw (ntj)¢ brŒíŸfis¡ T¿
És¡», ‘ïu©lW’ bfhŸififia¥ gu¥ã tªjh®.rk‰»Uj bkhÊiaí«, kiwfisí« gh®¥gd®fŸ jÉuk‰wt®fŸ go¡f¡TlhJ; go¤jhš f©iz¤ njh©L,eh¡if bt£L, fhâš <a« fhŒ¢á C‰W v‹W Äu£oat®fŸ thsh (R«kh) ÉLth®fsh? giHikahd ïÇ¡FkiwÆš (Ç¡ntj«) rhâ g‰¿ vªj¡ F¿¥ò« ïšiy v‹WÃWÉ¥, bghŒahd rh¤âu¡ F¥ig¡fisí« K¿ao¤jjhš v⮤jd®. ‘xnu flîŸ xnu k¡fŸ’ vd KH§»amnah¤â jhr®, ïªj kj¤ij¤ ö¡» v¿ªjh®. ‘eh‹ãw¡F« nghJ ïªJthf¢ rhfkh£nl‹’ v‹w m«ng¤f®ïw¥gj‰F¢ áy eh£fS¡F K‹d® 1956-ïš jh‹ ïªJkj¤ij É£L¥ ò¤j kj¤â‰F kh¿dh®.
ãu«k Phd«ïuhrhuh« nkhf‹uhÆ‹ ãu«k rkh#«, jahdªj
r uR tâ Æ‹ MÇ ar kh #« , ï uh k» U £o z kl «
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179Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
KjÈait Ô©lhikia v⮤jhY«, ïªJ kj¢rl§Ffisí« ehštUz¡ bfhŸifiaí« ã‹g‰¿d. mjdhš f®dš Mšfh£L«, m‹Åbgr©L« Ãôah®¡»š1875 - ïš bjhl§»a ‘ãu«kPhd rig’ (âarhãfšbrhir£o) Æš cW¥ãd® Mdh®. ïj‹ »is 1882 - ïšbr‹id milah‰¿š bjhl§f¥bg‰W¥ ã‹ jiyikÃiyakhf kh¿aJ. Mšfh£LlD«, m‹Åbgr©LlD« ïizªJ m.jh. gÂah‰¿dh®. ãu«kPhdrigrl§Ffisí«, rhâiaí« mwnt xJ¡»¢ brayh‰¿tªjjhš m.jh. mjid¥ ngh‰¿dh®. jhœ¤j¥g£lk¡fË‹ fšÉ nk«gl ‘Mšfh£’ gŸËfŸ v‹D«gŠrk® gŸËfŸ bjhl§f¥ bg‰wd. jhœ¤j¥g£lViH¤ TȤ bjhÊyhËfŸ go¡f ïuî¥ gŸËfshfïit elªjd.
âuhÉl ïa¡f«
ãu«k« m¿ªjt‹ ãuhkz‹ v‹W T¿ gh®¥gd®ãu«k Phd mitÆY« ÄFªjd®. ïjdhšjh‹ãuhkz® mšyhjh® ïa¡f« ã.o. âahfuhruhš 1916 - ïšnjh‰WÉ¡f¥g£L¥ ãwF âuhÉl fHf« M»aJ.MÇauhš xL¡f¥g£l jÄH®fis¤ jÅna milahs«fh£l¤ ‘âuhÉl®’ v‹w brhšiy¡ ifah©L ‘âuhÉlkfhrdrig’ vd 1890 - ïš bjhl§» Kj‹ Kjš âuhÉlïa¡f« f©lt® m.jh.Mth®.
MÇa¥ gh®¥gd®fŸ ãw ca®rhâ ïªJ¡fis¤jÄH®fŸ v‹W« jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fis¢ N¤âu®fŸv‹W« ãǤjhS« Nœ¢á brŒjhY« ãuhkzušyhjh®midtiuí« N¤âu®fŸ v‹W ïÊîgL¤âd®. MÆD«jÄH®fŸ v‹w bgaÇš jhK«, jÄœ¥g‰W vd¡T¿¥òFªjd®. vdnt MÇa¥gh®¥gd®fËlÄUªJ j«ikntWgL¤â¡ bfhŸs¤ ‘âuhÉl®’ v‹w brhšiy m.jh.nj®ªbjL¤jh®. ‘âuhÉl® gh©oa‹’ vd 1885-ïš ïjœel¤âdh®.
brhªj Ãyk‰W k‰wt® Ãy§fËš bfh¤joikfshf, TȤ bjhÊyhs®fshf ciH¡F« jhœ¤j¥g£lViH cHt®fS¡fhf M§»nya muál« nfhÇ¡ifit¤J Ãy« bg‰W¤ jªjh®. mit ‘gŠrÄ Ãy§fŸ’vd¥g£ld. ïu£il kiy ÓÅthr‹ 1891 - ïš ‘giwa®
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180 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
kfhrdrig’ bjhl§»dh®. m.jh. ‘giwa‹ v‹WmiH¡f¡TlhJ; ó®t¤ jÄH® mšyJ Mâ jÄH®v‹wiH¡f nt©L«, v‹wh®. m.jh. kidÉ ïwªjã‹,ïu£il kiy ÓÅthrÅ‹ j§ifia kzªjh®. jhœ¤j¥g£l k¡fŸ K‹nd‰w¤â‰F ïUtU« ïizªnjghLglyhÆd®. Ô©lhik¡ bfhLikahš jhœ¤j¥g£lk¡fË‹ J‹g§fŸ ÄFªjd. fšÉ m¿î bg‰whšjh‹j§fŸ jhœÃiyia cz®ªJ ca®î¡F¥ ghLgLt®v‹gjhš fšÉ¥ gÂÆY«, m¿th®ªj ÉÊ¥òz®¢áV‰gL¤JtâY« m.jh.ïuî gfyhf¥ gÂah‰¿dh®.
ò¤j® be¿
á¤j® ïy¡»a§fËY« á¤j kU¤Jt¤âY« òyikbg‰¿Uªj m.jh., âU¡Fwis¥ bgÇJ« ngh‰¿¥ gu¥ãtªjh®. MÇa v⮥㚠K‹ndhoahf És§»a á¤jh®¤jU« (ò¤jU«), R¤njhjdU« (kfhåuU«) âuhÉl®fŸv‹gjhš ò¤j® be¿ia¥ ã‹g‰w¤ bjhl§»dh®.âUtŸSt® ò¤j kj¤âd® v‹gJ«, âÇãlf« v‹gnjâÇ¡FwŸ v‹wh» âU¡FwŸ v‹wh»aJ v‹gJ« mt®fU¤J. m.jh. nt©o¡ bfh©lj‰»z§f 1896 - ïšbr‹id bf‹d£ rªâš Mšfh£L ò¤j® nfhÆš f£o¡bfhL¤jh®. Mšfh£Ll‹ ïizªJ 1998 - ïš ïy§ifò¤jkj kheh£oš fyªJ bfh©lh®.
M⤠jÄHiu¥ (MââuhÉl®) ‘ó®t¤ jÄH®’ v‹WF¿¥ã£l m.jh.., ò¤jÇ‹ âÇãlf¡ fU¤Jfis¥ ‘ó®t¤jÄbHhË’ v‹W j« ïjÊš bjhluhf vGâdh®.âÇãlf« KGtJ« kd¥ghlkhf m¿ªj m.jh., ò¤jbe¿g‰¿¢ áw¥ghf¢ brh‰bghÊth‰¿ ehL KGtJ« gu¥ãdh®. ïuha¥ng£ilÆš rh¡»a ò¤jr§f« bjhl§»dh®. ïj‹ »isfis ehL KGtJ« njh‰Wɤjh®.ïtUl‹ gÂah‰¿a ïy£RÄuhR (ehíL) vGâaò¤jkj¢rhu« (Essence of Buddhism) v‹W üš m«ng¤f®ò¤jkj« g‰¿a üš vGj tÊfh£oaJ. nfhyh® j§ftaÈš m.jh. el¤âa âU¡Fwis K‹Åiy¥ gL¤âaâUkz« bgÇahÇ‹ RakÇahij âUkz Kiw¡F tÊfh£oaJ. bgÇah® 1925-¡F¥ ã‹jh‹ gF¤j¿î¡bfhŸif¡F kh¿dh®; 1935-ïš jh‹ ïªâ v⮥ò¥nghiu¤ bjhl§»dh®. ïªâia v⮤J 1911 - ïnyna
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181Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jÄH‹ ïjÊš vGâa m.jh.., ïªâ v⮥ãY« K‹ndhoMth®. gF¤j¿î¥ gh£l‹ m.jh. m¿Éaiy¤ jÄÊšC®njhW« gu¥ãa KjštU« Mth®.
nkhjš rhJâU.É.f. ïuha¥ng£ilÆš el¤âtªj ‘ghy
R¥ãukÂa g¡j rig’ Æš 1903 - ïš ahœ¥ghz«fâiunt‰ãŸis rh¡»a ò¤j kj¢ r§f¤ij¤ jh¡»¥ngádh®. ïuha¥ng£il rh¡»a ò¤j r§f¤âšmnah¤âjhr® jiyikÆš ngáat®fŸ Mœth®fisí«, eha‹kh®fisí« jh¡»¥ ngád®. ïjdhšmnah¤âjhrÇ‹ T£l§fËš å«ò (ïufis) brŒaâU.É.f.î« e©g®fS« br‹wd®. mnah¤âjhr®âÇãlf« g‰¿¢ brh‰bghÊth‰¿a ã‹d®, v¥nghJ«k.á§fhuntY¢ br£oah® m¿Éaš ghltF¥ò el¤Jth®. m¿Éaš ghltF¥ghš <®¡f¥g£l âU.É.f.bjhl®ªJ mnah¤âjhr® T£l§fS¡F tªJ ‘rhJ’Mdh®.
x‹gjh« tF¥ò¥ go¡F« nghJ g¤âa« jt¿ajhšKl¡Fthj« tªJ nehÆš »lªj fÈahz Rªju¤ij¤(âU.É.f) j« á¤j kU¤J¤jhš fh¥gh‰¿at® m.jh.mijí« kwªJ rka¥gif bfh©lik¡F¤ âU.É.f.tUªâdh®. tŸsyhÇ‹ rka¥ bghJik be¿ia (rkurr‹kh®¡f«) V‰W ‘ïuha¥ng£il KÅt®’ v‹W« ‘rhJv‹W« bga® bg‰w âU.É.f. mnah¤â jhriu¥ ghuh£ovGâíŸsh®:
“g©oj® thœit Ú¤jnghJ ah‹ <k« tiubr‹W âU«ãnd‹. mnah¤âjhr® v‹ FL«g kU¤Jt®.mt®j« r§f« v‹ kjbt¿ia¤ Ô®¡F« kUªjhƉW”
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182 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
mnah¤âjhr g©oj®
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183Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
mnah¤âjhr g©oj®
ïa‰bga® : fh¤jtuha‹
áw¥ò¥bga® : mnah¤âjhr®, it¤âa á¤j®, fÉuhrg©oj®, g©oj®, f.mnah¤âjhrj«k ehŒ¡f®.
jªij : fªjrhÄ
ãwªjehŸ : 20-05-1845
kiwî ehŸ : 05-05-1941
ãwªj C® : nfhit mU»š mut«ghisa«
fšÉ : br‹id, fhánkL å.mnah¤âjhrfÉuhr g©ojÇl« jÄG«, á¤jkU¤JtKk jÅ¡fšÉ; rk‰»Uj«,ghÈ, M§»y«
g : m¤Jitjhdªj r§f« (1870),
âuhÉl kfhrd rig (1890) mik¤jšmilahW ãu«kPhd r§f¤Jl‹ïizªJ gŠrk® gŸËfŸmik¤jš, bfsjk á¤jh®¤j®m¢R¡Tl«, nfhyh® rh¡»a ò¤jr§f« (1902), ïuha¥ng£ilrh¡»aò¤j r§f«,br‹id¥ gšfiy¡ fHf¥ngufuhâ¥g (1913-1914)
‘âuhÉl¥ gh©oa‹’ - ïjœ (1885)
‘xU igrh jÄH‹’ - thu ïjœ19.06.1907 Kjš (jÄH‹ vd26.8.1908 Kjš btË tªjJ)
gil¥òfŸ : fghäRtu® rǤâu MuhŒ¢á, ÉóâMuhŒ¢á, mÇ¢rªâu‹ bghŒ,
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184 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
ïªâu® njr rǤâu«, ÉthfÉs¡f«, ó®t¤ jÄbHhËah«ò¤juJ Mântj« (1912), ò¤jkh®¡f Édh-Éil (1930),rh£áa¡fhu®fËš xUtuh»a áÖm«ãifa«k‹ mUËa âÇthrf«,M¤âNo, bfh‹iwntªj‹, bt‰¿Phd« (ciufSl‹),rh£áa¡fhu®fËš xUtuh»aghujkhjh xsitah® v‹D«m«ãifa«k‹ tuyhW,rh£áa¡fhu®fËš xUtuh»a áÖKUf¡flîŸ tuyhW, Énrr r§fâbjËî, ïªâu® njr g©oifÉtu«.
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185Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
50. khzt® jªj ghl«
K¤J åÇa« v‹w ïy¡fz üiy vGâa bgU«òyt® K¤Jåu cgh¤âahaÇl« jÄœ ïy¡fzïy¡»a§fis¡ f‰W¥ bgU« òyik bg‰w mu§frhÄg¤jh« tF¥òtiujh‹ go¤jt®. mt® m¢RjhdªjRthÄfŸ v‹ghÇl« át ‘Ô¡if’ bg‰W¢ nrhkRªju‹vd¥ bgaiu kh‰¿¡ bfh©lh®. átkj be¿ üšfËY«(rh¤âu§fËY«) bjh‹k üšfËY« (òuhz§fËY«)Mœªjh®. njh‰»l§»š fz¡F vGJgtuhf ntiy¡F¢nr®ªj mt®, ã‹d® br‹id efuh©ik¡ fHf¤âšvG¤j® ntiy »il¡f¥ bg‰wh®. átbe¿¢ brštuh»amt® áwªj brh‰bghÊthsuh»¢ Nis nrhkRªju®vd¥ bg‰wh®.
c©ikna ngRnt‹N.nrh. iftša etÚj«, Phdth á£l«, ãunghj
rªânuhja«, ãuòȧf äiy KjÈa átbe¿ ïy¡»a§fis¢ áw¥òw És¡»¥ ngá tªjh®. âUbth‰¿ôÇšbrh‰bghÊth‰w miH¤âUªjh®fŸ. efuh©ik¡ fHf¡(efuh£á k‹w) f©fhÂ¥ghsÇl« jh« á¿J neu«K‹djhf¢ br‹whšjh‹ brh‰bghÊî¡FÇa neu¤âšbr‹W nruKoí« v‹W T¿ x¥òjš nf£lh®.
“brh‰bghÊî¡F nghtj‰bfšyh« x¥òjš juKoahJ. tƉWtÈ v‹W brhšY§fŸ. ïšiy....CÇšahnuh xU gh£o br¤JÉ£lhŸ v‹W brhšÈahtJvGâ¡bfhL¤JÉ£L¤jh‹ nghfnt©L«. mJ jh‹mYtyf Éâ”
- v‹W f©fhÂ¥ghs® T¿dh®.
N.nrh. efuh©ik¡ fHf nkyhsÇl« KiwÆ£lh®.mtU«,
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186 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
“ïšyhj gh£ojhnd!.........R«kh vGâ¡
bfhL¤J£L¥ nghÆ£nl ïU§nfh!”
- v‹wh®. N.nrh. ád¤Jl‹,
“eh‹ bghŒ brhšy kh£nl‹. c©ikahdfhuz¤ij¡ TW« nghJ x¥òjš juÉšiy v‹whšntiy¡F ïÅtu¥ nghtâšiy”
- v‹W T¿É£L btËna¿dh®. ã‹ KGneuK«rka¢ brh‰bghÊÉnyna <Lglyhdh®.
khzt® kiwkiykhahthj¤ij¥ ã‹g‰¿ tªj N.nrh., ehf¥
g£od¤â‰F¢ brh‰bghÊɉF¢ br‹¿Uªj bghGJkJiuehaf« ãŸisahš ‘irt á¤jhªj«’ v‹D«átbe¿¡ bfhŸifia m¿ªjh®. khahthj«, ntjhªj«,á¤jhªj«, v‹D« bfhŸiffis myᢠá¤jhªjnk ca®î v‹W ngryhdh®. jh« òâjhf V‰w ‘irtá¤jhªj’¡ bfhŸiffis¤ j« MáÇa® m¢RjhdªjRthÄfËlK« T¿ mtiuí« kh‰¿dh®. khztÇl«nf£l ghl¤jhš ‘irt á¤jhªj’ be¿ia V‰W m¢Rjhdªj® j« bgaiu ‘Vfh«gunah»’ vd kh‰¿¡bfh©lh®.
N.nrh. gu¥ã tªj átbe¿¡ bfhŸiffis kW¤J«jh¡»í« fLikahf¢ áy® ngáí«, vGâí« tªjd®.ehf¥g£od¤âš kJiuehaf« ãŸis MjuÉš thœªJtªj ntjhry« (kiwkiy) N.nrh. fU¤Jfis v⮤njhU¡F¢ átkj ïy¡»a§fËÈUªJ nk‰nfhŸfŸ fh£o Kiwahd kW¥ò¡ f£Liufis ehif‘ÚynyhrÅ’ ïjÊš vGâ tªjh®. m¡f£Liu MáÇa®ah® v‹W ehif tªjnghJ N.nrh. ÉdÉdh®. kJiuehaf« ãŸis ntjhry¤ij miH¤J tªJ m¿Kf«brŒjh®. mJ Kjš ntjhry«, N.nrh.it¡ FUthfV‰wh®. átbe¿ üšfis (rh¤âu§fis) MH¡f‰W mitg‰¿ mâf« ngá tªj N.nrh mªüšfŸ TW« rka«rh®ªj rk‰»Uj¡ fiy¢ brh‰fis¡ fyªJ ngrî«vGjî« brŒjh®. MÆD« ntjhry« kiwkiy (mofŸ)M»¤jŤ jÄœ ïa¡f« f©lnghJ, mtiu¤ jŤjÄÊš vGjî«, ngrî« C¡Fɤjh®.
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187Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
tlbkhÊ É‰g‹d®m¡fhy¤J¤ jÄH¿P®fŸ bgU«ghY« jÄœ,
bjY§F, rk‰»Uj«, M§»y« v‹D« eh‹F bkhÊfS«bjǪjt®fshf ïUªjh®fŸ. M§»y« bjÇaÉšiyv‹whY« Tl XusthtJ bjY§F«, rk‰»UjK«m¿ªâUªjh®fŸ. bjY§F«, M§»yK« gŸËÆš go¤jN.nrh., K¤JåÇaÇl« jh‹ jÄG«, rk‰»UjK« f‰wh®.kiwkiy mofŸ (ntjhry«) M§»y¤âY«, rk‰»Uj¤âY« òyikbgw¢ N.nrh fhuz« Mth®. gh®¥gd®fŸ M§»y¤ijí« rk‰»Uj¤ijí« f‰¿Uªjjhšãwiu¤ jhœthf kâ¤jd®.
N.nrh. ku¡f¿ (irt) czî rh¥ãLgtuhifahšgh®¥gdÇ‹ cztf« br‹wh®. ‘ãuhkzhŸ X£lš’N¤âu®fS« bjhGnehahËfS« cŸns EiHa¡TlhJ’ v‹W gyifÆš vGj¥g£oUªjJ. K‹diwÆšjiuÆš ca® rhâÆd® mk®ªjJ« ijaš ïiyÆY«,cŸsiwÆš gh®¥gd®fŸ gyifÆš mk®ªjJ« thiHïiyÆY« czî gÇkhw¥gL«.
btˤ â©izÆš filÆ‹ cÇikahsuh»agh®¥gdU« rh¥ã£LÉ£L¤ â©oš rhŒªâU¤jï u© L gh ®¥ gd ® fS « ng á¡ bfh© oU ªj d® .N.nrh.tUtij¥ gh®¤J,
“neh¡F V‹ fhQ« bfh£ilí« g£ilí«?‘ãu«k«’ m¿ªj ãuhkz®fsh»a v§fS¡F¤jh‹átidí« m¿aKoí«, âUkhiyí« m¿a Koí«”
- v‹W »©lš ngádh®. â©izÆš mk®ªjN.nrh.rk‰»Uj¢ brhšyf§fis¡ (Rnyhf§fis) T¿És¡f« brhšy¤ bjhl§»dh®. jk¡F¤ bjǪj rk‰»Uj(miu Fiw) m¿it¡ bfh©L mt®fŸ thâ£L¤bjhl®ªJ ngrKoahkš òw¥g£ld®. filÆ‹ cÇikahsuh»a gh®¥gd® cŸns miH¤J¢ br‹W gyifï£L thiH ïiy ngh£L mWRit cztUªj brŒJmtÇl« gz«th§f kW¤J¡ ifbaL¤J¥ F«ã£LtÊaD¥ãdh®.
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188 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
òaš á§f«tl bkhÊÆY« bj‹bkhÊÆY« M‰wš Ä¡f
mtÇ‹ brh‰bghÊit¡ nf£L vâÇfŸ eL§»d®;m‹g®fŸ k»œªjd®. XU gh®¥gd¡ if«bg©Â‹ kf‹fšÿÇÆš go¤J¡ bfh©oUªjt‹, ãwkj« khWnt‹v‹wh‹; jhŒ mtD¡F m¿îW¤j KoahkY« tÊïšyhkY« Jo¤jhŸ; ã‹ N.nrh.brh‰bghÊî¡F¤bjhl®ªJ mtid miH¤J tªjhŸ; mt‹ kd« âU«ãdh‹. mt® brh‰ bghÊit¡ nf£l ïuhkehjòu«k‹d® ghRfu nrJgâ, ‘itâf irt á¤jhªj r©lkhUj«’ v‹W g£l« bfhL¤jh®. (r©l khUj«: òaš).âUthtLJiw kl¤âd® ‘gurka¡ nfhsÇ’ (nfhsÇ:á§f«) v‹W g£lkˤjd®. Éntfhdªj® 1900-M«M©oš br‹id¡F ïu©lh« Kiwahf tªâUªjnghJ N.nrh. T¿a ‘irt á¤jhªj’ És¡f§fis¡ nf£Lk»œªjh® v‹W TWt®.
bjh‹k¡ (òuhz) f‰gid¡ fijfis xJ¡» É£L¢átbe¿¡ bfhŸiffis (irt á¤jhªj§fis) MHkhfEQ» czu¤j¡f tifÆš ngátªj N.nrh. gh®¥gd®fŸf£oÉ£l ïÊthd bghŒ¡fijfis¤ jf®¤bj¿ªjh®.bj‹dhLila átid¤ bjhGj ïuhtzidí«ïuÂaidí« âUkhš be¿Æd® jhœ¤âaJ nghjhbj‹W, bj‹dh£L k‹d‹ Fnyh¤J§fidí« Tu¤jhœth® bt‹wh® vd¥ gÊ¡F Msh¡»d®
njthu¤ij¥ ó£o it¤jJ nghy¤ âšiy¥bgUkhisí« flÈš ngh£L¤ âšiy¥ gh®¥gd®fŸbrŒj Nœ¢á Fnyh¤J§fD¡F¥ gÊ V‰gL¤âaJ.átPhd f©luhâ¤j® v‹D« nrhH k‹dÇ‹ nguD«nguur‹ ïuhruhrÅ‹ m©zD« M»a Mâ¤jfÇfhyid¥ gh®¥gd mâfhÇfŸ eh‹F ng® Nœ¢ábrŒJ bfhiy brŒaÉšiyah! MÇa¤jhš átkj¤âšV‰g£oUªj bfhŸif¡ FH¥g§fis Ú¡»dh® N.nrh.khztuh»a kiwkiy mofS«, “cik v‹D« jhÆ‹clš mG¡if¤ âu£o it¤jJ ãŸisahuh? v‹ jhŒmG¡F Ãiwªjtsh?” v‹W nf£L MÇa¥ bghŒ¡fijfisí« ntŸÉ¤Ô be¿iaí« cÆ®¥gÈiaí«v⮤jh®.
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189Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
N.nrh., kiwkiyahiu¤ j« kfdhfnt V‰¿Uªjh®.N.nrh. kiwªj nghJ kiwkiyah® ‘nrhkRªju¡ fhŠá’v‹W ghodh®. ifaWÃiy 8 brŒíŸ, jhgj Ãiy 10brŒíŸ, k‹id¡ fhŠá 67 mo mftš bfh©l üšïJ. M§»y¤âY« rk‰»Uj¤âY« mikªj ïu§f‰gh¡fisna ö¡» it¤J¡ bfh©lhL« áy®, r§f¥gh¡fS¡F Ãfuhd ü‰áw¥ò« brŒíŸ td¥ò«cŸs¤ij cU¡F« m‹ã‹ ca®î« bfh©l ïªüÈ‹òJikia¥ bghwhJ Fiw T¿d®. Fiwfis kW¤J‘nrhkRªju¡ fhŠáah¡f«’ v‹w üY«, Mrh‹tuyh‰iw És¡» ‘nrhk Rªju ehaf® tuyhW’ v‹wüY« brŒJ N.nrh. òfiH Ãiyeh£odh® kiwkiyah®.
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190 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
Nis nrhkRªju ehaf®
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191Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
Nis nrhkRªju ehaf®
ïa‰bga® : mu§frhÄ
áw¥ò¥bga® : nrhkRªju‹, NisnrhkRªjuehaf®, irt á¤jhªjr©lkhUj«, gu rka¡nfhsÇ.
bg‰nwh® : m«k m«khŸ, ïuhkȧf ehaf®
ãwªjehŸ : 16-08-1846
kiwî ehŸ : 22-02-1901
C® : br‹idÆš Nis
fšÉ : br‹id: muád® gŸË, 10 M«tF¥ò tiu, bjY§F, M§»y«K¤Jåu cgh¤âahaÇl«:jÄœ¡fšÉ, rk‰»UjK«;m¢Rjhdªj RthÄfËl«:rka¡fšÉ
kz« : átPhd¤j«ikah®
g : br‹id : njh‰»l§»š fz¡f®,br‹id efuh©ik¡ fHf (efuh£á)vG¤j® (1881 tiu),átrka¢ brh‰ bghÊths®.
gil¥òfŸ : 1. MáÇaÇ‹ ‘âahdhDóâ’ v‹wüÈš ã‹ ïiz¥ghf MáÇaiu¥g‰¿ 85 ghlšfŸ.
2. mr«ãujha Ãuhre«, MuhÇa¥ãught«, ãukh¤Jk ÔãifÆdJ MghrÉs¡f«, MŠr nea uhk itgt§fŸ,Rnur Éra g§f«.
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192 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
3. á¤jhªj Phdnghj«, á¤jhªjcªâah®, á¤jhªj nrfu«, át»Çgâ‰W¥ g¤jªjhâ, átehkhtË,irt NshkÂ, guk gj ã§f ÉdhÉil, átj¤Jt áªjhkÂ.
4. rkur PhdÔg«, r‹kh®¡f nghjbt©gh, Phdnghj És¡f«, Phdnghj¤JÂî, átth¡»a¤ bjËîiu.
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193Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
51. jŤjÄœ¤ jªij!
ehf¥g£od¤âš ò¤jf¡fil it¤âUªjbt. ehuhazrhÄ¥ ãŸisÆl« jÄœ go¤J m¿PuhfcUthndh® gy®. mtÇl« go¤j ntjhry« mt®filÆnyna ntiy¡F¢ nr®ªjh®. ntjhry« (kiwkiy) ehifÆÈUªJ btËtªj ÚynyhrÅ ïjÊY«,âuhÉl kŠrÇ, ghÞfu Phndhja«, ïªJkjhãkhÅKjÈa ïjœfËY« ò¤jf¡ filÆš ntiy gh®¡F«nghnj vGâ tªjh®. Nis nrhkRªju ehafÇ‹ átbe¿¡nfh£ghLfis v⮤J¢ áy® ‘r‰rd®’ v‹w ïjÊšvGâa f£LiufS¡F kW¥ghf ‘KUfntŸ’ v‹w òidbgaÇš ehif ‘ÚynyhrÅ’ ïjÊš kiwkiyah®f£LiufŸ vGâtªjh®. ehif tªj Nis nrhkRªju®‘f£Liu MáÇa® ah®?’ vd Édt, kJiuehaf« ãŸiskiwkiyahiu m¿Kf« brŒJ it¤jh®. mJ KjšNis nrhkRªjuiu¤ j« FUthf kiwkiyah® V‰wh®.
bt. ehuhazrhÄ¥ ãŸisÆl« go¤jt®fŸá¤ö® mwk‹w¤ jiyt® n#.v«.ešyrhÄ¥ãŸisí«âUtdªjòu« kfhuhrh fšÿǤ j¤Jt¥ nguháÇa® bg.Rªju«ãŸisí« Mt®. n#.v«.ešyrhÄ¥ãŸismiH¥ghš á¤ö® br‹W ‘á¤jhªj Ôãif’ ïjÊšMáÇauhf¢ áyfhyK«, bg. Rªju«ãŸis miH¥ghšâUtdªjòu« br‹W kh®¤jh©l« e«ã gŸËÆš jÄœMáÇauhf¢ áyfhyK« kiwkiyah® gÂah‰¿dh®.ã‹d® bg.Rªju® vGâ¡ bfhL¤j ghuh£L klYl‹br‹id¡ »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇ br‹wh®.
jÄœ f£lhaÄšiy»¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆ‹ Kjšt® Kidt® ÉšÈa«
ÄšyU« m§F¥ gÂah‰¿a NÇaehuhaz rh¤âÇahU«bg.Rªju®¡F e©g®fŸ. NÇa ehuhaz® nf£lh®,
“v‹d... gǪJiu klyh?”
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194 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
“ïšiy, ghuh£L klš”
“v‹d nt©L«?”
“jÄHháÇa® gÂ!”
“òyt® g£l« th§»ÆU¡»Ö®fsh?”
“ïšiy... go¤âU¡»nw‹.”
“F‰¿aYfu« K‰¿aYfu« vL¤J¡fh£L brhšf.”
“vd¡F¤ bjÇahJ.”
“c«.........?”
“vd¡F... F‰¿aYfu«; bjÇahJ... K‰¿aYfu«.”
“rÇ... ï¥nghnj ntiyÆš nrU§fŸ!”
jÄœ, M§»y«, rk‰»Uj« _‹¿Y« òyik bg‰¿Uªjjhš M§»nya®, gh®¥gd® ïilna »¿¤Jt¡fšÿÇÆš 13 M©LfŸ kiwkiyah® gÂah‰w KoªjJ. Mdhš 1911-ïš M§»y« f£lha«, jÄœ f£lhaÄšiy v‹W br‹id¥ gšfiy¡ fHf« r£l« bfh©Ltªjjhš kiwkiyah® gÂÆHªjh®.
tŸsyh® tÊg‹dh£lhU« gy ÃiyÆdU« njotªj ïlkhf¢
br‹id m¡fhy¤nj És§»ajhš ïªJ, »¿¤Jt«,kfkâa«, ò¤j« vd kj ntWghLfisí« Jitj«,m¤Jitj«, khahthj«, ntjhªj«, á¤jhªj«,cyfhaj« KjÈa nfh£ghLfisí« nkilÆ£L¥ngᢠr©ilÆ£L¡ bfh©oUªjd®. bjh©oia¢nr®ªj Fz§Fo kÞ¤jh‹ bjh©oah®ng£il(j©ilah® ng£il) ÆY« ïuhkȧf tŸsyh®âUbth‰¿ôÇY« rka¥bghiw (rkur) tÊfh£od®.tŸsyhÇ‹ tÊËW kiwkiyah® JwÉ Mdh®.gugu¥ghd br‹id¥ g£od¤ij É£L Ú§»¥gšytòu« (gšyhtu«) v‹D« á‰ùÇš FoòFªJ ‘rkurR¤j r‹kh®¡f r§f«’ vd 22-4-1911ïš bjhl§»dh®. ‘Phdrhfu«’ v‹w ïjœ el¤âdh®. j« ïjiHí«üšfisí« m¢ál¤ j« ïU¥ãl¤ânyna ‘âUKUf‹m¢rf«’ bjhl§»dh®.
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195Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
tŸsyh® fh£oa bghJ be¿, Xf (nahf) Kiw,á¤jkU¤Jt«, clš X«gš, jÄœ¥g M»at‰iw¥kiwkiyah® ã‹g‰¿dh®. òyt®fŸ ïuªJ©L thH¡TlhJ, br«khªJ clyhY« cŸs¤jhY« bršt¤jhY« tskhf thH nt©L« v‹W tÈíW¤âdh®.jÄHf« KGtJ« C® njhW« ïy§if¡F« tleh£o‹gy C®fS¡F« gaz« brŒJ jÄG« átbe¿í«gu¥ãdh®. bghÊî¡F tU« nghJ j§FÄl«, gL¡ifmiw, óir¥ bghU£fŸ, tÊ¢bryî¡F %. 200 KjÈadnf£lh®. j©Ù® fythj MÉ‹ghš fhiyÆš fh‰go,khiyÆš miu¥go, eh‹fiu¢ R‰wsîŸs vYÄ¢r«gH« 7, ïu©L mo Ús¤â‰F nk‰glhj fhŒªj nt«òÉwF 12, Kid K¿ahj g¢rÇá, òË¥ò ïšyhj jÆ®,g¢ir k§fhj kh§fhŒ, m¥nghJ ãL§»a Ñiu v‹WÚs«, mfy«, v©Â¡if T¿¡ nf£gJ áyU¡F Éa¥ghfïUªjJ. xUt® nf£lh®:
“V‹ JwÉahf ïUªJbfh©L ï›tsî nf£»Ö®fŸ?”
“eh‹ clyhš cŸs¤jhš JwÉ. Mdhšátbe¿¡F« jÄG¡F« ïuî gfš flik brŒtj‰Fnt©oa czî« VªJ« (trâí«) gzK« njitjhnd! jh...ij... v‹W T¤jhLgt®fS¡F«, j®uh‹dh...j®ß‹dh.. . v‹W eh‹ifªJ bjY§F¥ ghlšfiskd¥ghl« brŒJ bfh©L òÇahkš cU£Lgt®fS¡F« bfh£o¤ jU« nghJ ï¥go¡ nf£»Ö®fsh?”
“v§fshš ï›tsî bgÇa bjhif bfhL¡f KoaÉšiyna!”
“M£l« gh£l« thz nto¡if vd mÊ¥Õ®fŸ! jÄG¡F - òytD¡F¡ bfhL¡f Koahjh?v‹id e«ã m¢R¤ bjhÊyhs®fŸ, üšÉ‰gidbrŒgt®fŸ ïU¡»wh®fŸ. ïu©L ïy¡f« %ghŒ¡Fnkš ò¤jf btËp£oš ngh£oU¡»nw‹. m‹whl¢bryî¡F m‹whl« ïuî gfš eh‹ ne®ikahfciH¡f, vGj, ngr vd¡F ešy czî«, gzK«TÈahf¤jh‹ bgW»nw‹.”
- v‹W j‹Åiy És¡f« jªjh® kiwkiyah®.
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196 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
jÄœM©Lr§f¤ jÄœ eilÆš Äf Ú©l brh‰bwhl®fËš
kiwkiyah® ngrî« vGjî« brŒjh®. ng¢áY«,vG¤âY« kiwkiyahiu¥ ã‹g‰¿a âU.É.f. á¿abrh‰bwhl®fis¡ ifah©lh®. âUthrf¤â‰F ciuvGj¡TlhJ v‹w giHikthâfË‹ fU¤ij kW¤Jkiwkiyah® âUthrf ÉÇîiu vGâdh®. g¢ira¥g‹fšÿÇÆš 1921-ïš âU.É.f., fh.R.ãŸis, fh.ek¢áthaKjÈah®, e.K.nt. eh£lh®, ».M.bg. ÉRtehj« KjÈajÄH¿P®fis¡ T£o, âUtŸSt® M©L »¿¤JtM©L¡F 31M©L KªijaJ, ij¤â§fŸ Kjš bjhl§FtJ vd m¿É¤jh®.
jŤjÄœ¤ jªij‘c©ik És¡f«’ v‹w ïjÊ‹ MáÇauhf ïUªj
kiwkiyah® 1897-M« M©onyna ‘bjŸËa jŤjÄÊš ïÅikbgUf” vGâa nghJ xU áy tlbrh‰fS¡F ïl« jªâUªjh®. MáÇa® Nis nrhkRªju® (1901-ïš kiwªjt®), kiwkiyahÇ‹ jŤjÄiH¥ghuh£oíŸsh®. MÆD« KGtJ« jŤjÄœ V‰wJ 1916Kjš v‹g®. tŸsyhÇ‹ “bg‰w jhŒjid kf kwªjhY«...” v‹w ghliy¥ gho¡ bfh©oUªjnghJ, ‘njf«’v‹w tlbrhšiyí«, ‘clš’ v‹w jÄœ¢ brhšiyí«tŸsyh® gho ïU¡»whnu, jÄœ¢brhš nghJnk! ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fy¥ghš jÄœ ey« bfLnk!” v‹WT¿dh®. clnd, “ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fis mwnt Ú¡Fnth«” v‹wh® kfŸ Úyh«ãif. m¥nghnj ntjhry«v‹w j« bgaiu kiwkiy v‹W kh‰¿¡ bfh©lh®.ã‹d® ‘rkur r‹kh®¡f r§f«’ v‹w j‹ ïšy¥ bgaiu‘bghJ Ãiy¡fHf«’ vdî«, ‘Phdrhfu«’ v‹w j«ïjÊ‹ bgaiu ‘m¿î¡flš’ vdî« kh‰¿aJl‹ jh«mJtiu btËÆ£oUªj üšfisí« âU¤â¤ öa¤jÄHhf btËÆ£lh®.
ïuhrhá M£áÆš 1937-ïš ïªâbkhÊ â¡f¥g£lnghJ br‹id fl‰fiu¡ T£l¤âY« nfhfnyk©lg¤âš elªj mid¤J¡ f£á muáaš jiyt®fŸfyªJ bfh©l T£l¤âY« jiyik V‰W ïªâiav⮤J¥ ngádh®. 1939, 1948 ïªâ v⮥ò khehLfËY«
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197Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
jiyik jh§»¥ bgÇah®, m©zh M»nahU¡F¤JizòǪjh®.
kiwkiyahÇ‹ jŤjÄœ ïa¡f¤ijí«, átbe¿¢Ó®âU¤j¥ bghJ be¿iaí« âUthrf ÉÇîiuiaí«jÄH®fŸ áynu v⮤jd®. kiwkiyahiu ca®rhâÆd® v‹W« jŤjÄœ ca®rh⤠jÄœ v‹W«T¿d®. ‘nrhW’ jÄœ¢brhš ‘rhj«’ tlbrhš v‹Wkiwkiyah® T¿anghJ, “nrhW v‹gJ ntiy¡fhu‹ng¢R” v‹W c.nt.rh T¿dh®. “nrhW v‹gJ jhœ¤j¥g£l rhâ¢brhš” v‹W kl¤jiyt®fŸ T¿d®. gyöa jÄœ¢ brh‰fis tlbrhš v‹W c.nt.rh T¿anghJ “gh®¥gd¡ FW«ò” v‹W kiwkiyah® F¿¥ã£lh®. tujuhRY ehíL, itahòÇ¥ãŸis, k.bgh.á.KjÈa jÄH®fS« jŤjÄiH v⮤jd®.
kiwkiyah® bjhl§»a jŤjÄÊa¡f« (1916)mnj fhy f£l¤âš bjhl§»a gh®¥gd® mšyhjh®ïa¡f¤â‹ tÊtªj âuhÉl® ïa¡f¡ f£áfshY«,fuªij¤ jÄœ¢ r§f¤jhY«, jÄHntŸ ckhknfRtudh®,gh.nt.kh¡feha¡f®, khfwš fh®¤ânfa KjÈah®,fh.R.ãŸis, fh.m¥ghJiuah®, ghthz®, bgUŠá¤âudh®, ïy¡Ftdh®, É .bgh .gHÅntydh®,t.Rg.kh¡f«, jÄœ¡Fokf‹ KjÈnahuhY« ts®¤bjL¡f¥ bg‰WŸsJ.
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198 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
kiwkiy mofŸ
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199Kidt® gh. ïiwaur‹
kiwkiy mofŸ
ïa‰bga® : ntjhry«
áw¥ò¥bga® : gšyhtu« RthÄ ntjhry«,KUfntŸ (òidbga®),kiwkiy, kiwkiy mofŸ,jŤjÄœ¤jªij
bg‰nwh® : á‹d«khŸ, brh¡fehj¥ãŸis
ãwªjehŸ : 15-07-1876
kiwî ehŸ : 15-09-1950
C® : ehf¥g£od« mU»š fhl«gho(fhlt® nfh‹ gho)
fšÉ : ehif, ‘btRÈa‹ Är‹’ gŸË;bt. ehuhazrhÄ¥ãŸisÆl«jÄœ¡fšÉ
kz« : 1893, rîªjutšÈ
g : âUtdªjòu«, kh®¤jh©l« e«ãgŸËÆš jÄHháÇa® (ïu©liukhj«); br‹id »¿¤Jt¡ fšÿÇÆš jÄHháÇa® (09-03-1898 Kjškh®¢R 1911 tiu)
bghJ¥g : ehif ïªJ kjhãkhd r§f« (1888)âU¥ghâÇ¥òÈô® irtá¤jhªjkfhrkhr« (07.07.1905 Kjš),gšytòu« (gšyhtu«) rkur R¤jr‹kh®¡fr§f«, (22-04-1911Kjš), (27-07-1911 Kjš)gšytòu«, âUKUf‹ m¢R¡Tl«(12-12-1911 Kjš)
ïjHháÇa® : ‘á¤jhªj Ôãif’ (á¤ö®, 1897),c©ik És¡f« (ehif, 1897)
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200 br«bkhÊ¢ br«kšfŸ - 2
Phdrhfu« (br‹id, 1902 Kjš),Oriental Mystic Myna (1908 Kjš)The Ocean of Wisdom (1935 Kjš)
gil¥òfŸ : âUbth‰¿ô® K«k¡ nfhit (1990),nrhkRªju¡ fhŠá (1901)
ciueil : Kj‰ FwŸthj Ãuhfuz« (1898)Kšiy¥gh£L MuhŒ¢áíiu (1903)g£od¥ghiy MuhŒ¢áíiu (1906)g©il¡ fhy¤ jÄHU« MÇaU«(1906), áªjid¡ f£LiufŸ (1908)rhâ nt‰Wikí« nghÈ¢ irtU«(1911), kuz¤â‹ ã‹ kÅj® Ãiy(1918), bghUªJ« czî« bghUªjhczî« (1921), m¿îiu¡ bfh¤J(1921), nahf äâiu mšyJ m¿JÆš (1922), jÄH® ehfÇf« mšyJntshs® ah®? (1923), ntshs®ehfÇf« (1927), kÅj táa« mšyJkd¡ft®¢á (1927), kh¡f thrf®tuyhW« fhyK« (1930), k¡fŸüwh©L cÆ® thœ¡if (1933),rhFªjy ehlf MuhŒ¢á (1934),áWt®¡fhd brªjÄœ (1934), bjhiyÉš cz®jš (1935), K‰fhy¥ã‰fhy¤ jÄœ¥ òynth® (1936), ïªâbghJbkhÊah? (1937), jÄH®kj«(1941), âU¡FwŸ MuhŒ¢á (1951),nrhkRªju ehaf® tuyhW (1957)
bkhÊbga®¥ò : rhFªjy ehlf« (1907)
ehlf« : m«ãfhgâ mkuhtâ (1950)
òâd« : FKjtšÈ mšyJ ehfeh£luá (1911),nfh»yh«ghŸ foj§fŸ (1921)
M§»y üšfŸ : Saiva Siddhantha as a Pilosophy of practical
Knowledge, The ancient and modern Tamil poets,
Can Hindi be a lingua - franca.