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Watermark Extraction Methods For Linearly Distorted Images to
Maximize Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Brandon MigdalBrandon MigdalMay 7May 7thth 2004 2004
Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochester Institute of TechnologyAdvisor: Dr. Carl SalvaggioAdvisor: Dr. Carl Salvaggio
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OutlineOutline
Embedding ProcessEmbedding Process Research Research Extraction ProcessExtraction Process ResultsResults Future WorkFuture Work
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Embedding ProcessEmbedding Process
Carrier Message
100101…
FFT
Multiplication
Inverse FFT
Scale AmplitudeZero Mean
Initial Image
FFT
+
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Template DesignTemplate Design
ConsiderationsConsiderations Location DesignLocation Design ReasonsReasons
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TemplateTemplate
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TemplateTemplate
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TemplateTemplate
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Embedding ProcessEmbedding Process
Carrier Message
100101…
FFT
Multiplication
Inverse FFT
Scale AmplitudeZero Mean
Initial Image
FFT
+
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CarrierCarrier
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Carrier DesignCarrier Design
Random PhaseRandom Phase Generated Pseudo-Random Generated Pseudo-Random Scale based on Nyquist, and CSFScale based on Nyquist, and CSF Reasons Reasons
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Embedded ImageEmbedded Image
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Distortion Distortion
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Research AreasResearch Areas
WindowingWindowing SubsettingSubsetting
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WindowingWindowing
FFT
Windowing Technique
Substitute IntoLevel 3
Extraction Process
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SubsettingSubsetting
Subset
Level 3Extraction Process
+
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Extraction ProcessExtraction Process
Embedded Image
Level 3 Extraction
FFT FFT
Cross Correlation
FFT-1
Blurring Filter
SNR Extraction
Level 2 Extraction
Comparison
Image Information
Level 1 Extraction
Image Information
&SNR
Scaling Factor
X
+
Scaling Factor
X Divided by Total Number of Image Blocks
For All Image Blocks
Average Image Block
FFT
Cross Correlation
Binary Message
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ResultsResults
SNR Ratios
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distortion
Sig
nal
-to
-No
ise Normal Whole
Hamming Whole
Hanning Whole
Expon. (Normal Whole)
Expon. (Hamming Whole)
Expon. (Hanning Whole)
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ResultsResults
Improvement From Substeting Without Windowing
-0.00001
-0.000005
0
0.000005
0.00001
0.000015
0.00002
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distortion
Sig
nal
-to
-No
ise
SNR - SNR 4
SNR - SNR 16
Log. (SNR - SNR 16 )
Log. (SNR - SNR 4)
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ResultsResults
Improvement From Subsetting With a Hanning Window
-1.50E-05
-1.00E-05
-5.00E-06
0.00E+00
5.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.50E-05
2.00E-05
2.50E-05
3.00E-05
3.50E-05
4.00E-05
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distortion
Sig
nal
-to
-No
ise
SNR - SNR 4
SNR - SNR 16
Log. (SNR - SNR 16 )
Log. (SNR - SNR 4)
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ResultsResults
Improvements From Subsetting With a Hamming Window
-1.00E-05
-5.00E-06
0.00E+00
5.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.50E-05
2.00E-05
2.50E-05
3.00E-05
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distortion
Sig
nal
-to
-No
ise
SNR - SNR 4
SNR - SNR 16
Log. (SNR - SNR 4)
Log. (SNR - SNR 16 )
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Future WorkFuture Work
WindowingWindowing SubsettingSubsetting
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Reference MaterialReference Material Gonzalez, R., and R. Woods, Gonzalez, R., and R. Woods, Digital Image ProcessingDigital Image Processing, ,
Second Second Edition, 2002, New Jersey: Prentice HallEdition, 2002, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Rabbani, M., and C. Honsinger, Rabbani, M., and C. Honsinger, Data Embedding Using Data Embedding Using
Phase Phase DispersionDispersion, IEE Seminar , IEE Seminar on Secure on Secure Images and Image Images and Image Authentication Ref. No.00/039, Authentication Ref. No.00/039, 2000, Volume 5, 2000, Volume 5, pp. 1-7pp. 1-7
Xie, H. N. Hicksa, G. Kellera, H. Huangb, and V. Xie, H. N. Hicksa, G. Kellera, H. Huangb, and V. Kreinovich, Kreinovich, An IDL/ENVI implementation of the An IDL/ENVI implementation of the FFTbased algorithm for automatic image FFTbased algorithm for automatic image registrationregistration, Computers & Geosciences, 2003, , Computers & Geosciences, 2003, Volume Volume 29, pp. 1045–105529, pp. 1045–1055
Signal-to-Noise Calculations, January 2004, Signal-to-Noise Calculations, January 2004, http://emalwww.engin.umich.edu/emal/courses/SEM_lecthttp://emalwww.engin.umich.edu/emal/courses/SEM_lectureCureC W/SEM_SignalNoise.htmlW/SEM_SignalNoise.html
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Questions?Questions?