-
Book Week 2020
Round the World in 5 Days
In Year 5, we are going to be thinking about text from 5 different continents
about or written by 5 different indigenous peoples.
What does indigenous mean?
What is a continent?
Can anyone name any indigenous peoples already?
-
First Nations people
Does anyone know anything about First Nations people?
About: First Nations people are original inhabitants of the land that is
now Canada, and were the first to encounter sustained
European contact, settlement and trade.
You may have heard first nations people being called
American Indian or Native Americans. Indigenous to Canada
are also Innuits who used to be called Eskimos
First Nations people have lived in what is now Canada for at
least 12,000 years.
Many First Nations people live on their traditional lands but
many have moved to cities.
-
A bit about the
history…
500 years ago, there were no European people in Canada – just indigenous people who lived from the land.
Newcomers arrived in small numbers with little knowledge of the climate, flora and fauna in North America. To survive, participate in economic activities, and engage in warfare, newcomers relied on their First Nation partners’ skills and expert knowledge of “the lands, transportation routes, food resources…[and] animals.” Initially, First Nations People were pleased to trade skins and other First Nations products with the newcomers.
Newcomers saw the land as being unused as it was not being used to make money – and they saw themselves as discovering the land and being responsible for civilizing it.
Early contact also spread European diseases to First Nations who, with little to no immunity to these foreign pathogens, were greatly harmed. In some cases, entire communities were decimated, leaving those remaining to come together to survive.
-
Some photos of First Nations people
First Nations children at school
First Nations leader meeting Canadian Prime Minister to discuss rights First Nations people in traditional
dress for celebration
First nations
tribe in
1800s
-
Find out about Indigenous and First
Nations people in Canada
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CISeEFTsgDA
-
Where do First Nations people live?
Aboriginal is another way of saying Indigenous and applies to Canada as well as other peoples especially in Australia.
This map shows the pre-contact distribution of indigenous peoples over what is now Canada.
Pre-contact means before they were contacted or before Western people arrived.
-
Where do 1st Nations People live now?
-
Where is Canada in the world?
-
Climate of Canada
Canada is seriously big! – it’s the second biggest country in the world after Russia and many First Nations people live in the more Northerly areas which are very cold.
Because of its geographical position, winters days are very short and extremely cold and summer days are long.
It would not be unusual to experience temperatures of –20 in the winter.
-
Geographical Features of Canada
In Canada’s far north lies the
frozen Arctic. Here, ice, snow
and glaciers dominate the
landscape. Brrrrrr!
There are mountains and lakes in
Canada.
https://www.natgeokids.com/places/ten-facts-about-the-arctichttps://www.natgeokids.com/science-and-nature/Glaciers
-
Animals of Canada
Giant Canadian Goose
Grizzly Bear
Moose
Grizzly Bear
Moose
Gray Wolf
Whales
MarmotBison
-
What do you think traditional First Nations food is in Canada?
First nations people traditionally use
whatever wholefood is growing
around them. Such as beans, corn
and squash.
Can you match the
picture with the caption?
First nations woman making
Maple Syrup from tree sap
Traditional method of drying and
smoking pânsâwân over an open
fire.
Salmon
Bannock a type of bread
-
What sort of clothes do you think First
Nations people might wear?
There are many different Tribes of First nations people in Canada which means
many different types of traditional dress.
Here are some that are notable or common to lots of First nations people.
Nowadays, First Nations people wear the same type of clothes as you and me
most of the time, but would wear traditional dress for special occasions and
ceremonies.
-
Fur and skins
From the past to the present, First Nations people
have worn caribou and sealskin clothing. These
durable and easily available materials have
allowed First Nations people to survive in a climate
that defeated most others.
-
Head dress
According to the First Nation culture, the
headdress is used only for ceremony and
worn only by chiefs, leaders and warriors.
Only men were allowed to wear a Native
American warbonnet. This is changing
though.
Head dresses are given rather than bought
and are very special.
Different tribes have different head dresses.
It is considered insensitive to wear a
headdress for fun because they have
important meaning for First Nations people.
-
One type of traditional home is a wigwam, wickiup or wetu is a semi-permanent
domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American and First Nations tribes,
and still used for ceremonial purposes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickiuphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetu
-
Where do First Nations People
traditionally live?
Teepee
Teepees were the homes of the nomadic tribes of the Great Plains. A teepee was built using a number of long poles as the frame. The poles were tied together at the top and spread out at the bottom to make an upside down cone shape. Then the outside was wrapped with a large covering made of buffalo hide.
When the tribe arrived at a new spot, the woman of each family would set up and build the teepee. Building a teepee was very efficient and typically only took around 30 minutes to set up.
In the summer the covering would be raised to allow for a large gap at the bottom. This gap enabled cool air to flow through the teepee and keep the inside cooled.
-
Where do First Nations People live now?
Many First Nations people live on reserves,
which is often on land which has been
reclaimed by them. Unfortunately, there is
very high unemployment and extreme
poverty in many of these places. Many
reserves don’t have clean running water.
Many First Nations people now also live in
the city where there is more work. In the city
too, First Nations people experience more
illness, unemployment, shorter life span,
poorer mental health and experience
racism than the non First Nations population.
-
What are First Nation beliefs?
There are many different tribes, but one core belief is that we are looking after the earth for the next generation. “custodians” of the earth.
First Nations people are famous for totem poles. First Nations symbols and Crests are an important part of the culture and history of First Nations in North America. Each animal, spirit and supernatural being represents and symbolises different stories, traits, personality and values.
First Nations people traditionally are very close to nature as they got their food and everything they needed directly from their environment. They believe that everything is interconnected and that humans are part of nature.
Elders are important. They are not defined by age, but rather Elders are recognized because they have earned the respect of their community through wisdom, harmony and balance of their actions in their teachings.
Thunderbird symbol.
Thunder can be heard
when the Thunderbird
beats its wings.
-
What problems do First Nations people
face?
In the 1700s, a treaty was signed which gave most of First Nations people’s
land to the crown. They thought they would get other benefits and still be
able to live on their land.
Unfortunately, this was the start of many problems for First Nations people
who were looked down on for their way of life. The government even took
the children from tribes and put them in residential schools away from their
parents. This was part of the “Civilization Fund Act”
There is still massive inequality today.
-
This tells you more about the residential
schools.
The video goes on to say that Canada is headed in the right direction but still has a
long way to go.
-
What can we learn from First Nations People?
Have a think about this and then come back to this question after you
have looked at the text after break.
-
Do you remember what these words
mean?
Contact
Residential school
Teepee
Reserve
Elders
-
Our First Nations text is:
The Elders are Watching by David Bouchard and illustrated by First Nations
Artist, Roy Henry Vickers.
-
After Break… Read The Elders are Watching
-
What is the book about?
Who are the Elders taking to?
What emotion is the author feeling?
-
Look out for Roy Henry Vickers
illustrations. What details can you see?
-
What clues are there that it is written and
illustrated by First Nations people?
What does it show us about First Nations
attitudes to nature?
What do you like about the book?
When do you think the book was written?
-
Did you see these images in the book?
- why do you think they were included?
Salmon Salmon - Persistence, Dependability
and Renewal - A Provider
Eagle Eagle - Great Strength, courage
Leadership and Messenger of the
heavens
Thunderbird A supernatural being of power and
strength
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/eagle-symbol.htm
-
Read this page
again…
And there are those whose actions show.
They see the way things could be.
They do what they can, give all that they
have
Just to save one ancient tree.
What do you think the author means by
“The way things could be”?
-
How would you like to see
nature in the future?
We are going to write a class book called
“The way things could be”
With your partner, write a page for our
class book.
In your jotters, write some lines about how
you would like to see nature in the future.
It could rhyme if you wanted it to.
Start with If…
Ideas for starting lines:
If governments start _______ ,
our forests will stay green.
If we stop buying plastic, our
oceans ________
If leaders …
If oil companies…
If we all…
-
Afternoon work
-
Totem Poles are part of First Nations
Peoples ancestry.
-
RavenFrog
-
Which animal do you think is your spirit/totem animal?
In the next slide is a list of animals and what they represent for
First Nations people.
-
Some Spirit Animals and what they represent – which one is
you or is your spirit animal something else?
Salmon Salmon - Persistence, Dependability
and Renewal - A Provider
Seal The Seal - Bright, Inquisitive,
Organized
Shark The Shark - Remorselessness,
Survival, Adaptability
Badger Badger - Bold, out-going, good
communicator
Bumblebee Bumblebee - Honesty, Pure Thinking,
Willingness and Drive
Beaver Beaver - Creative and Artistic ability,
builder, resourcefulness and
determination
Bear Bear - Strength, Solitude,
Motherhood, Teaching and to learn
Humility Meaning of Bear
Deer Deer - Healing, Gentleness, kindness
& compassion
Dog Dog - Guidance, Loyalty and trust
Dove Dove - Love, Gentleness and
Kindness
Frog Frog - Spring & New Life, Sensitivity,
Communicator, Stability Kingfisher The Kingfisher - Luck, Patience,
Speed and Agility
Turtle The Turtle - Self-Reliance, Tenacity,
Slow Progress
Wolf The Wolf - Intelligence & Leadership -
Strong Sense of Family Squirrel Squirrel - Planning and Preparation
Porcupine Porcupine - Safety and Protection
Butterfly Butterfly - Represents transformation
and the ability to accept change
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/bear-symbol.htmhttps://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/deer-track-symbol.htmhttps://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/turtle-symbol.htmhttps://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/wolf-symbol.htmhttps://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-symbols/butterfly-symbol.htm
-
How have First Nations people represented spirit animals?
What changes have the artists made?
-
Cube Totem Pole
Cut out the net and construct it. Decide
which sides to draw on and which sides are
going to be the top and bottom.
Decide on Your Animal Guide/spirit animal.
Look carefully at the First Nations Totem
Poles. Draw your Animal guide onto the
cube in the style of the First Nations carvers.
Use the handout to help you.