Download - Blood in forensics
Blood
Blood composition
• Plasma: 90% water; 10% dissolved proteins, hormone salts, digested food materials and waste products.
• Red blood cells: carry oxygen.
• White blood cells: destroy foreign disease-causing organisms.
• Platelets: for blood clotting.
Blood groups• Karl Landsteiner :
– (1901) antigens A, B, AB (both), O (none). – (1927) antigens M & N– (1940) antigen that reacted to the Indian
Rhesus monkeys’ blood (Rh+). – Today: 288 blood groupings.
Note: Antigen = Antibody Generator = molecule recognized by the immune system.
• blood groups are used in forensics in order to determinate the probability of a certain individual’s presence at a crime scene: the rarest the group, the highest the probability.
Blood groups distribution explains world migrations:
Blood group inheritance:
Blood groups test:
DNA
Diagram of a typical animal (eukaryotic) cell,
showing subcellular components.
Organelles:(1) nucleolus
(2) nucleus(3) ribosome
(4) vesicle(5)
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
(6) Golgi apparatus(7) Cytoskeleton
(8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(9) mitochondria(10) vacuole
(11) cytoplasm(12) lysosome
(13) centrioles within centrosome