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Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance
Biorefinery Siting in the Western Montana Corridor
Natalie Martinkus, PE, PhD candidateWashington State University
May 3, 2016
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NARA Conversion Scenarios
Source: NARA. Preliminary Scoping: Northwest Wood-Based Biofuels. IDX Studio – Fall 2014.
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Study Region: Western Montana Corridor (WMC)
Scenario: - ~ 7MGY biojet fuel = ~20%
Spokane area demand in year 2025
- 280,000 BDT forest residuals annual demand
- Pretreatment of softwoods: micronized wood
- Depot Model – 1 large and 2 small depots
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Forest Residuals-to Biorefinery Supply Chain
Timber Harvest Slash Pile Storage Ground Slash
Sawmill (Depot)Isobutanol BiorefineryEnd User
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NARA Siting Philosophy
Retrofit existing industrial facilities around existing assets
Benefits:• Reuse existing equipment and infrastructure
• Skilled workforce is in place or nearby = jobs saved and created
• Environmental (air, water) permits and water rights may exist = less start-up time delays
• Plant is set up for receiving raw wood via trucks and rail
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Existing Facilities in WMC
Active Pulp MillLewiston, ID
Decommissioned Pulp Mill
Frenchtown, MT
Greenfield Spokane, WA
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Framework for Facility Assessment
Depot TEA Conversion Facility (CF) TEA
Depot Decision Matrix
Conversion Facility Decision Matrix
OpEx wi = % feedstock, % energy, % labor
OpEx wi = % feedstock, % energy, % labor
CapEx wi = % infrastructureLocation
Specific Metrics, si :Feedstock
labor, energy,
Location Specific
Metrics, si:feedstock,
labor, energy, infrastructure
Top 3 Depots per CF
Selection of Conversion Facility
Decision Matrix Facility Score
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Depot Assumptions and CriteriaAssumptions and Criteria1. Co-located with the mill2. Onsite rail spur3. At least 10 acres of unutilized land for depot4. Access to natural gas5. Where multiple mills were located in the same town, one
representative mill was selected.
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Costs along the Supply Chain
Parker, Nathan, et al. Strategic Assessment of Bioenergy Development in the West: Spatial Analysis and Supply Curve Development: The University of California, Davis, 2008. Print.
𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖 + 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 Cij = total transport cost ($/BDT) between pts i and jF = Fixed cost at pt iV = Variable transport cost between pts i and j
dp = dist. along paved road (mi) N = total no. of road segmentsdg = dist. along gravel road (mi) xt, yt = time along road segment x, y (hr) dd = dist. along dirt road (mi) xd, yd = dist. along road segment x, y (mi)
Fixed and Variable Cost and Equation Sources
Zamora-Cristales, R., et al. "Economic Impact of Truck- Machine Interference in Forest Biomass Recovery Operations on Steep Terrain." For. Prod. J. 63.5-6 (2013): 162-73. Print.
Total Transport Cost, Cij
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Delivered Feedstock Cost EstimationForest Residue Estimation Datasets1. 30-year average annual forest
residual volume (BDT) for each FIA point on State and Private lands.
2. Fixed and variable costs for harvest, comminution and transportation
3. Networked road shapefile
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Industrial Electricity Rates in PNW
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Industrial Natural Gas Rates in PNW
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Final Depot Map
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Final Depots to Conversion Facility Sites
Assume 1 large depot at conversion facility site 2 smaller satellite depots
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Conversion Facility Siting Decision Matrix
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
Assumptions and Criteria1. Site size at least 100 acres2. Onsite rail spur (for existing facilities)3. Active/decommissioned wood-using facility or greenfield4. Access to natural gas
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Delivered Cost to Terminal – Spokane Conversion Facility
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
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Delivered Cost to Terminal – Lewiston Conversion Facility
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
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Delivered Cost to Terminal – Frenchtown Conversion Facility
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
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Biorefinery Siting Decision Matrix
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
Assumptions and Criteria1. Site size at least 100 acres2. Onsite rail spur (for existing facilities)3. Active/decommissioned wood-using facility or greenfield4. Access to natural gas
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Infrastructure Assessment – reductions in CapEx
Solid Plant: coal briquetting plant Solid-Fluid Plant: oil extraction plantFluid Plant: Petroleum Refinery
Timmerhaus, Klaus D., Ronald E. West, and Max S. Peters. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
Total Capital Investment accuracy: +/- 30%
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Infrastructure Assessment
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
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Infrastructure Assessment
Preliminary Results – Do Not Cite
% Reduction from greenfield 33% 6%
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Final Site Selection
Location Specific Values
Scaled Values with Facility Scores
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Future Work
• Incorporate Conversion Facility processing costs into decision matrix
• Run optimization model on all Depots to Conversion Facilities to compare against Depot Decision Matrix Results
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THANK YOUKristin Brandt
Greg LattaMichael Wolcott
Bob Wooley
This work, as part of the Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA), was funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-68005-30416 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.