Download - Biomolekul ppt
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BIOMOLEKUL
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ATOM
Merupakan bagian terkecil penyusun sel Terdiri dari sub-sub atom: proton,
neutron, elektron Proton dan neutron terletak di inti atom Elektron terletak di orbit elektron ( di luar
nukleus), mengelilingi inti dan tetap pada posisinya karena adanya daya tarik menarik
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Nama Lokasi Massa (kg)
Proton Inti atom 1,6726x10-27
Neutron Inti Atom 1,6750x10-27
Elektron Orbit elektron 9,1095x10-31
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Nomor atom jumlah proton Isotop nomor atom sama, neutron
berbeda
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IKATAN KIMIA
Atom membentuk ikatan kimia molekul
Macam Ikatan kimia: Ikatan Ion Ikatan Kovalen Ikatan Hidrogen
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Ikatan Ion
Ikatan yang terjadi ketika atom menangkap atau melepas elektron
Ikatan lemah Contoh :NaCl Na+ dan Cl-
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Ikatan Kovalen Pemakaian bersama sepasang elektron
valensi oleh dua atom Contoh:- Single bond ( H-H)- 2 single bond ( H-O-H)- Double bond (C=C)- Triple bond (N≡N)Ikatan kovalen polar bentuk antara ikatan
kovalen dan ikatan ion
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Ikatan Hidrogen
Atom H terikat pada atom elektronegatif
Contoh: H2O, NH3
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Biomolekul
Berupa senyawa-senyawa organik Mempunyai gugus fungsional Hidrokarbon merupakan senyawa
organik yang paling sederhana ( rantai, cincin)
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Karbohidrat
Makromolekul Polimer Class of monomer : glukosa Fungsi : simpanan tenaga, penyusun
sel Formula umum : [CH2O]n, n = 3-6 Monosakarida, disakarida,
polisakarida
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Monosakarida 1 gula Glukosa, fruktosa
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Disakarida 2 gula Maltosa, sukrosa, laktosa
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Polisakarida Td beberapa unit monosakarida Pati, selulosa
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Selulosa ( SEM, x 1.080)
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Lipid Bersifat hidrofobik ( hidro= air, fobia= takut)
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1. Trigliseridat.d gliserol + 3 asam lemakmonomer: asam lemak dan gliserolfungsi: simpanan energicontoh : lemak, minyak
2. Lilin (waxes)monomer : asam lemak, rantai panjang alkoholfungsi : kutikula (daun, kulit binatang proteksi)
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3. Fosfolipidmonomer: asam lemak, fosfat, gliserolFungsi : penyusun membran sel
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Protein Penting bagi sistem biologis: as control and
stuctural elements As control elements: enzymes and hormones As structural alements: membran sel, sel
otot, dsb Rantai panjang polipeptida Monomer: asam amino Ikatan peptida
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Ikatan Peptida
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Asam Nukleat
Polimer, dengan monomer nukleotida Fungsi : informasi genetik (DNA),
sintesis protein (RNA), transfer energi (ATP dan NAD)
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DNA
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RNA