Biomass to Energy Projects in Biomass to Energy Projects in IndonesiaIndonesia
CDMCDM && Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development
January 25 –26, 2006January 25 –26, 2006Shangri-la Hotel, Jakarta -IndonesiaShangri-la Hotel, Jakarta -Indonesia
Iwan Sutanto, Iwan Sutanto, PT. LUNTO BIOENERGI PRIMAPT. LUNTO BIOENERGI PRIMA
E-mail : [email protected]
Indonesian Electricity DemandIndonesian Electricity Demand
Indonesia has a rapidly growing energy demand,
Demand growth is estimated to be 9% per year.
This is due to: Population growth Economic growth Development of rural areas Increased energy demand per capita
Prediction Electricity Prediction Electricity DemandDemand
Sector1990 2000 2010
GWh % GWh % GWh %
Industry 35.305 68.0 84.822 69.0 183.389 70.0
Household 9.865 19.00 22.2392 18.0 40.789 16.0
Public Facility 3.634 7.0 6.731 6.0 12.703 5.5
Commercial 3.115 6.0 8.811 7.0 21.869 8.5
Total 51919 100.0 122.603 100.0 258.747 100.0
Source : Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilization
Indonesian Electricity SupplyIndonesian Electricity Supply
The Indonesian archipelago makes supply on one grid impossible.
Major islands have their own grids
distributed generation is spread throughout the smaller islands
Overall spare capacity was near 50%, but due to poor interconnection many areas are short of supply, and some are classed as “in crisis”
Energy sourcesEnergy sources
The water levels in the dam do not allow full generation in the dry season.
Removal of diesel subsidies makes generation from this source increasingly expensive.
In Indonesia electrical energy is predominantly supplied from Coal fire, Gas, Hydro power and diesel generation.
Biomass is a possible alternative fuel supply
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
To build wholly renewable energy, independently financed power plants.
To substitute for fossil fired generation
To avoid methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the decomposition of the dumped residues
To provide a waste disposal route for mill owners
To create jobs in the local area
To provide additional electricity to the grid
Potential for RE in SumatraPotential for RE in Sumatra
There is a shortage of electrical generating capacity and an increasing demand.
On the Sumatran grid in 2000 there was an installed capacity of nearly 5,000 MW.
From 2001 –2010 there is expected to be an extra 4,600 MW added to the grid.
Projects :Projects :
10 MW Palm Oil Residue Plant, 10 MW Palm Oil Residue Plant,
In RantauPrapat, North Sumatra.In RantauPrapat, North Sumatra. &&
3 MW Rice Husk Plant,3 MW Rice Husk Plant,
Perbaungan, North SumatraPerbaungan, North Sumatra
10 MW Palm Oil Residue Plant, 10 MW Palm Oil Residue Plant, In RantauPrapat, North Sumatra.In RantauPrapat, North Sumatra.
Project Description Project Description
Palm Oil Sector BackgroundPalm Oil Sector Background
Potential for RE from Palm Oil Mill Potential for RE from Palm Oil Mill ResiduesResidues
Palm oil production in Indonesia is increasing rapidly
Palm oil mill residues are EFB’s, shell and fibre Conventionally the shell and fibre is used to produce steam and electricity to meet mill requirements.
But combustion at mills is often inefficient and contributes to local air pollution
EFB’s are often dumped and burnt producing methane and nitrous oxide
Potential to utilise residues for efficient electricity production and help meet electricity demand
Project DescriptionProject Description
Conventional steam cycle systemThe plant will combust:-
Empty Fruit Bunches: 79%Shell: 21%
100% of the required fuel can be supplied within 60 kmsReduce dumping of 200,000 tonnes of EFB’s annually.Electrical output 10 MWe sold to PLN.
Decomposition Emission ReductionsDecomposition Emission Reductions
Plant will reduce methane and nitrous oxide release from decomposition and inefficient burning of the dumped wastes.
Predicted that the disposal behaviour will continue until environmental regulations change.
Sustainable Development IssuesSustainable Development Issues
Global and Local Environmental Global and Local Environmental BenefitsBenefits
Reduce dumping of 200,000 tonnes EFBs annually
Reduce air pollution
Provide secure disposal route for palm oil milling residues
Socio – Economic BenefitsSocio – Economic Benefits
Approximately 250 jobs created during constructionApproximately 180 Direct and indirect jobs created long term
Revenue for mill owners
Stimulate local economy
Demonstration of more efficient biomass to energy technology
Project Description:Project Description:
3 MW Rice Husk Plant,3 MW Rice Husk Plant,
Perbaungan, North SumatraPerbaungan, North Sumatra
Potential for RE from Rice Husks
Rice production is the main agricultural crop grown in Indonesia
20% of rice paddy remains as husk after milling
Husks are often dumped burnt in open bonfires as a means of disposal
Potential to utilise residues for efficient electricity production and help meet electricity demand
Picture of rice husksPicture of rice husks
Potential for RE in SumatraPotential for RE in Sumatra
There is a shortage of electrical generating capacity and an increasing demand in North Sumatra.
The potential exists to meet these energy demand shortfalls through renewable generation plants, including biomass, such as this rice husk project
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
To build a wholly renewable energy power plant to combust rice husks to provide a sustainable source of electricity (3MWe)
To reduce carbon dioxide emissions by substituting for fossil fired generation.
To reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from dumping and burning husks
To create employment
To provide electricity for 6,000 households
Collect surplus husk residues from rice mills to produce electricity for supply to the grid.
Establish a commercially viable, independently financed power plant.
Rice husk is a low density biomass, with a low moisture content
The husk can be burnt to produce electricity
Rice Husk ash used for beneficial purposes
Fuel transport economics suggest a 3 MW plant to be optimal
Rice HuskRice Husk Project overview Project overview
Technology SelectedTechnology Selected
Unground rice husks as fuel.
Overfed Stoker fired water tube boiler.
Continuous ash discharge from grate.
World Bank/Indonesian Emission Standards.
What are the environmental benefits?
Emission ReductionsEmission Reductions
1. Reduce GHG emissions from fossil fuels emissions and from dumped waste.
2. Project will displace current diesel fuel generation.
Emission ReductionsEmission Reductions
Methane and nitrous oxide from emissions offset by avoiding dumping and burning
Only current use for rice husk is for brick drying and as chicken litter (small)
Practice of dumping set to continue
Total Emission reductions from fossil fuels and avoided dumping
Global and Local Environmental Global and Local Environmental BenefitsBenefits
Electricity supplied to 6,000 households
Reduced air pollution by avoiding dumping and burning of husks
Reduced carbon dioxide emissions by offsetting fossil fuels
Beneficial and secure disposal of husks
Contribute to sustainable development
Socio-Economic AspectsSocio-Economic AspectsDirectDirect
Approximately 50 permanent positions
Revenue for mill owners
During O&M approximately $1-1.5 million spent on local economy
Socio-Economic AspectsSocio-Economic AspectsIndirectIndirect
Indirect job creation (+85) in the communityBenefit local economyDemonstration of advanced clean combustion technologiesTraining BenefitsProvide modern energy serviceRaise awareness of climate change
SummarySummary
3 Mwe electricity generated
Offset fossil fuels and emissions from dumping and burning the husks
Local and global environmental benefits
Jobs
Benefit to local economy