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Biology 224Human Anatomy and Physiology - IILecture 01Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
Organizational Overview of Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis
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Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis/Perineum
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Abdomen and Thorax separated by DIAPHRAGM.
Thorax and Pelvic region not separated by a defined partition.
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Thorax
Abdomen
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DIAPHRAGM:
•Derived from cervical hypaxial musculature (why scalene muscles are all that is left of lateral hypaxial musculature of neck)
• Innervated by Right and Left Phrenic Neve (C3,4,5)
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Review of Early Development of Humans
Basic Cross-section of the Human
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COELOM AND ITS CONTENTS:
• Filled with coelomic fluid.
• PARIETAL PERITONEUM – mesodermally derived layer coating interal surface of body wall.
• VISCERAL PERITONEUM – mesodermally derived layer coating internal organs.
• MESENTARY – bi-layer of mesodermally derived material that connects to dorsal or ventral midline to suspend gut internally.
• PARIETAL PLEURA – serial homolog of parietal peritoneum in thorax.
• VISCERAL PLEURA– serial homolog of visceral peritoneum in thorax.
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NECK and THORAX and MAJOR COMPONENTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
•Lungs•Bronchi•Trachea•Pharynx•Nasal Pharynx•Oral Pharynx•Common Pharynx
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Review of Early Development of Humans
Basic Cross-section of the Human
COMPONENTS OF EMBRYONIC FOREGUTIncluding and up to:
• Stomach• Duodenum (first bend of small intestine)• Liver• Gall bladder• Pancreas
• Sympathetic Innervation: Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
• Parasympathetic Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)• Arterial Supply: Celiac Artery and its branches• Venous Drainage: Splenic Vein and its tributaries.
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HepaticPortal Vein
Bile Duct
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Liver Stomach
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COMPONENTS OF EMBRYONIC MIDGUTIncluding and up to:
• Jejunum and Ileum of small intestine• Appendix• Ascending Colon• Transverse Colon (up to LEFT COLIC FLEXURE)
• Sympathetic Innervation: Lesser Splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)
• Parasympathetic Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)• Arterial Supply: Superior Mesenteric Artery and its
branches• Venous Drainage: Superior Mesenteric Vein and its
tributaries.
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COMPONENTS OF EMBRYONIC HINDGUTIncluding and through to:
• Descending Colon• Sigmoid Colon • (through to) Rectum
• Sympathetic Innervation: Least Splanchnic nerve (T12)• Parasympathetic Innervation: Sacral Outflow (S2-4)• Arterial Supply: Inferior Mesenteric Artery and its
branches• Venous Drainage: Inferior Mesenteric Vein and its
tributaries.
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HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM:
Hepatic portal vein
Splenic vein(foregut)
Superior Mesenteric Vein(midgut)
Inferior Mesenteric Vein(hindgut)
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INTRAPERITONEAL vs. RETROPERITONEAL
Most of the internal organs are surrounded by visceral peritioneum – the INTRAPERITONEAL condition.
Some organs (e.g. kidneys) are between peritoneum on one surface, and the body wall on the other – the RETROPERITONEAL condition.
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Retroperitonealcomponents of abdominal cavity
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STRUCTURES WITHIN THE PELVIS
•End of digestive system•Female reproductive organs•Bladder•Ducts to, and exiting from, bladder