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Biology 223Human Anatomy and PhysiologyWeek 1; Lecture 1; MondayDr. Stuart S. Sumida
IntroductionCells and Tissues
Humans as VertebratesEarly Development of
Humans
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Humans as Vertebrates•Phylum - Chordata•Dorsal hollow nerve cord•Notochord•Gill slits•Postanal Tail
Neural crest tissue as the defining vertebrate feature.
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Cells and TissuesCell structure
Cell association patterns•Epithelial pattern•Mesenchymal pattern
Tissues•Epithelial tissue - functions of exchange and functions of certain sensory reception.•Connective tissue •Muscle & nervous tissue
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Epithelial tissue
Mesenchymal Tissue
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Anatomical Terminology (know the differences)•Bipedal and orthograde•Dorsal and ventral •Medial and lateral•Cranial and caudal•anterior and posterior•inferior and superior•proximal and distal•deep and superficial
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Historical and Developmental Perspectives•Ontogeny•Early embryological development
Cross-section of the body
Chordate features – dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gut tube, certain blood vessels, muscle blocks, and coelom.
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Early Development of the Humans•The egg•macrolecithal versus microlicethal (know the difference)
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Early stages•Zygote•Morula•Blastocyst - inner cell mass, trophoblast
Amniotic cavity
Bilaminar embryo
Notochord - first discrete structure
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Morula
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Germ layers•Ectoderm•Mesoderm•Endoderm
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Review:
Historical and Developmental PerspectivesOntogenyEarly embryological developmentCross-section of the bodyChordate features – dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gut tube, certain blood vessels, muscle blocks, and coelom.
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Concurrent events:
Neural folds to Neural Groove
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Mesodermal structures
•Paraxial mesoderm•Lateral mesoderm•Intermediate mesoderm•Somites
•Segmental structures - how many in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and in what remains of the tail. What is the total number of of segments in the body?
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Early Development Continued:
•Dorsal hollow nerve tube•Neural crest•Further differentiation of the mesoderm
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Neural Crest Development
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Structures Visible in the Basic Cross-Section of the Body (Embryo or Adult!)
•Coelom•Somatopleure•Splanchnopleure•Parietal Peritoneum•Visceral Peritoneum•Dorsal mesentery•Ventral mesentery
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Trans-segmental structures versus
Segmental structures
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Gill slits / Gill pouches
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Further endodermal development:
•Lateral folds•Oropharyngeal membrane•Embryonic foregut•Embryonic hindgut
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