Bioinstrumentation Curriculum Workshop
Whitaker Foundation Biomedical Engineering Educational Summit
December 9, 2000
Rebecca Richards-Kortum, PhDThe University of Texas at Austin
John G. Webster, PhDThe University of Wisconsin
Goals: Bioinstrumentation Curriculum
• Discuss and Generate Consensus Report:– Current Status and Best Practices
– Critical Incoming Knowledge Base Needed
– Role of Experiential Learning
– Intellectual Trends for the Future
– Recommendations for Future Curriculum
Whitaker Foundation Philosophy
1. A thorough understanding of life sciences, with life sciences a critical component of the curriculum.
2. Mastery of advanced engineering tools/approaches.
3. Familiarity with problems of making and interpreting quantitative measurements in living systems.
4. The ability to use modeling techniques as a tool for integrating knowledge.
5. The ability to formulate and solve problems with medical relevance, including the design of devices, systems, and processes to improve human health.
Current Status: Courses at Top 12 Institutions
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1
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CWRU Penn UCSD Duke JHU Berkeley Rice NWU
Nu
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Co
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Current Status
Institution Required Courses Year Taken
Pre-Requisites
UCSD Principles of Bio-inst. Design
Biomedical Electronics
Junior
Senior
Linear Circuits,
Exptl. Techs.
Biosystems and Control, Princ. of Bioinst. Design
Duke University
Biomedical Electronics and Measurements I
Biomedical Electronics and Measurements II
Soph.
Junior
Introduction to Electric Circuits
Biomedical Electronics and Measurements I
Current StatusInstitution Required Courses Year
TakenPre-Requisites
Case Western Reserve
Principles of Biomedical Instrum.
BME Instrumentation Lab
Biomedical Engineering Lab I
Junior
Junior
Junior
Physiol./Biophys. I/II, Circuits, Signals/Sys. I
Principles of Biomedical Instrum.
Physiol./Biophys. I/II,
Circuits, Signals/Sys. I
Univ. of Penn.
Bioengineering Laboratory I
Bioengineering Laboratory IV
Soph.
Junior
1 year of calculus, physics
Bioengineering Lab III
Current Status
Institution Required Courses
Year Taken Pre-Requisites
Johns Hopkins None
UC–Berkeley None
Rice None
Northwestern None
Current Status: Review of SyllabiInstitution Course
UCSD BE186B: Principles of Bio-inst. Design
UCSD BE122B: Biomedical Electronics
Duke BME163L: Biomed. Elec./Measurements I
Duke BME164L: Biomed. Elec./Measurements II
CWRU EBME310: Principles of Biomedical Inst.
CWRU EBME313: Biomedical Eng. Lab I
CWRU EBME360: BME Instrumentation Lab
Penn BE209: Bioengineering Laboratory I
Penn BE 310: Bioengineering Laboratory IV
CWRU EBME310: Biomedical Instrum.
• Topics:– Biopotential Electrodes
– Electrochemical Transducers of Biochemical Variables
– Temperature Transducers
– Measuring Flow
– Mechanical Transducers
– Optical Sensing
– Imaging in Single Cells
– Single Cell Electrophysiological Measurements
– Piezoelectric Transducers and Instruments
– Analytical Instruments for Biomaterials Research
CWRU EBME360: Biomedical Instrum. Lab
• Topics:– Body Surface Electrochemistry
– Multi-electrode ECG
– EMG Transduction
– LED pulse Plethysmograph Circuit
– Patch Lamp Technique
– Ultrasound Image Formation
CWRU EBME313: BME Lab I• Topics:
– Errors and Error Analysis– Ethics– Computer Presentation
• Lab (63% of grade) – choose three from:– 3D landmark coordinates from bi-orthogonal film x-rays– Ultrasound measurements of flow– Measuring neurotransmitters with microelectrode– Quantitative Properties of the Neuromuscular system– Evaluation of bone/implant interface using radiography– Patch clamp recording from retinal cells– Measurement of blood flow using PET– Compare mammographic image registration algos– Measuring the compliance of heart valves
UCSD BE122B: Biomedical Electronics
• Topics:– Analog to Digital Conversion– Digital Ckt Building Blocks– Convolution– Sampling Theorem– Fourier Transforms– Image Processing– Ultrasound– Computed Tomography– Electrokinetic Phenomena
• Lab: No• Project: 25%
UCSD BE 186B: Principles of Bioinst. Design
• Topics:– Biopotentials– Electronics Review– Amplifiers– Electrical Safety– Biopotential Electrodes– Chemical Sensors– Light Based Instrumentation– Video Systems– Flow Measurements– Ultrasound
• Lab: No• Project: No
Duke BME164L: BME Elec. and Meas. II
• Topics:– Transducers and Sensors
– Op Amps, Filter, Differential and Instrument Amplifiers
– Digital Devices and Circuits
– Recording and Display Devices
– Fourier Transforms, Series and Sampling
• Lab (20% of grade)• Project (50% of grade)
– Sensor, signal processing unit, A/D converter, Display
Penn BE209: Bioengineering Lab I
• Topics:– Biomedical Electronics– Mechanical Testing of Biological Specimens
• Lab: (50% of grade)– Electronic thermometer– Building the electronic scale– Building the electronic exercise evaluation device– Building the electronic signal generator– Uniaxial Load testing of biological specimens– Tensile properties of chicken skin– Three point bending of chicken bones– Impact strength of chicken bone
• Uses Discovery Learning
Penn BE310: Bioengineering Lab IV
• Topics:– Fluid Mechanics– Signal Analysis
• Lab:– Fluid Mechanical Simulation of Coughing– Measurement of Pressure and Flow in Straight Tube– Steady Flow through a Sacular Aneurysm Model– Conservation of Energy - Thermodilution – Signal Analysis: The Electrocardiogram – Signal analysis: Vibration Analysis
• Project:– Several weeks duration
Wisconsin BME310: Bioinstrumentation• Topics:
– Measurement systems– Signal Processing– Molecules in Clinical Chemistry– Mol. Measurements in Biomaterials and Tissue Eng.– Hematology– Cell. Measurements in Biomaterials and Tissue Eng.– Nervous System, Heart and Circulation, Lungs, Kidney, Bone and Skin
• Labs (20% of grade):– 1. Blood Pressure, 2. Circuits, 3. Pressure Sensor, 4. Pulse Oximeter, 5.
ECG, 6. Ultrasonic Flowmeter, 7. Spirometery, 8. Temperature, 9. Spectrophotometer, 10. Electrophoresis, 11. Dynamic Light Scattering, 12. Microscopes
UT EE374k: Biomedical Instrumentation• Topics:
– Transducers– Light sources, Photodetectors– Signal conditioning and amplification– Biopotentials– EMG, ECG– Electrodes– Microeelctrodes– Blood Pressure– Flow– Ultrasound– Pacemakers, Defribrillators– Electrical Safety
Comparison of CoursesCWRU UCSD Duke Penn
Electronics x xA to D and D to A x xAmplifiers x xRecording and Display Devices x
Error Analysis x
Biopotentials xBiopotential Electrodes x xECG x xEMG x
Convolution xSampling x xFourier Transforms x xImage Processing xVideo x
Comparison of CoursesCWRU UCSD Duke Penn
Ultrasound x xCT xTemperature Transducers x x xMechanical Transducers x x xPiezoelectric transducers x x
Chemical Sensors x xLight Based Instrumentation x x
Flow x x x
Electrophysiology x
Biomaterials Instruments x x
Electrical Safety x
Current Status: Exercise Number One
• Introductions
• Describe Bioinstrumentation Curriculum at Your Institution
Best Practices
• Issues to Consider:– Course Subject Matter
• General Course Outcomes• Specific Course Learning Objectives
– Course Outline
– Prerequisites
– Course Level
– Textbooks
– Laboratories
Best Practices: Industrial Survey
• Please list the 5 most important technical topics that a BME who graduates with a BS in the next 5-10 years will need to know.
• 1. PSI, 2. Sulzer Carbomedics, 3. Sulzer Biologics, 4. Sulzer Orthopedics, 5. Sulzer Carbomedics, 6. GE, 7. Zeiss
Company #: Top 5 Skills1 DSP Analog ckts,
electronics Chemistry (thru Organic)
Programming/ Software design
Basic biology/human physiology
2 Blood-mat. inter.
Bio-compat. Experiment Design
Eng. Prop. of Materials
Tissue Engineering
3 Delivery of agents
Molecular biology
Tissue Const.
4 One eng. field well
5 Protein ads. cell interac.
Prin. of tissue eng.
Molecular biology
Intro. to Med. Indus.
Report writing, technical pres.
6 Imaging Technologies
Molecular Function
Informatics Statistical Analysis
Pharmacology
7 Good found. in physics
Matls. Sci. and combo chem
Inter-, intra-cell. Proc.
Gene, protein func.
Molecular Biology
Course Subject Matter: Overall Goal
• Prepare students to design and utilize biomedical instrumentation for measurements on humans and animals.– Sensors– Diagnostic Devices– Therapeutic Devices– New Fields: Molecular engineering, cell and
tissue engineering, biotechnology
General Course Outcomes• Recall bioinstrumentation vocabulary• Analyze measurement specifications• Choose the best method of making a measurement of
performing therapy• Perform open-ended design of a measurement or
therapeutic device• Analyze data resulting from a measurement of therapeutic
device• Search internet, medical, engineering and patent databases• Communicate effectively• Pass nationally-normed subject content exams
Specific Course Learning Objectives
• Behaviorally observable objectives that illustrate concepts, relationships and skills to be gained
• Examples:– Draw circuit / amplifier design for a pO2 electrode
– Draw block diagrams for A-mode, B-mode and T-M ultrasonic image scanners
– Design grounding system for an ICU– Explain how DNA is automatically sequenced and
and how fluorescence assists signal processing
Pre-requisites
• Should include:– One year of calculus and physics– One semester of chemistry– Differential equations– Cell and molecular biology– Electric circuits– Electronics– Background in programming, statistics, signal
analysis
TextbooksAuthor/Editor Title Comments
Webster, J. G. (ed.)
Medical instrumentation: application and design, 3rd. ed
systems, sensors, circuits, hospital instrumentation, therapeutic devices, safety, but omits the new fields.
Togawa, T., T. Tamura, P. A. Oberg
Biomedical transducers and instruments
short descriptions of very many biomedical transducers, but omits the new fields
Northrop, R.B. Introduction to instrument. and measurements
physical sensors, electrical measurements, digital interfaces and signal conditioning, but lacks
biomedical instrumentation Welkowitz, W., S, Deutsch, M. Akay
Biomedical instruments: theory and design, 2nd. ed.
physical sensors, analog and digital circuits, 12 biomedical instrumentation designs, medical imaging.
TextbooksAuthor/Editor Title Comments
Aston, R. Principles of biomedical instrumentation and measurement
descriptive, lacks equations, and omits the new fields
Geddes, L. A. and L. E. Baker
Principles of applied biomedical instrumentation, 3rd
many sensors for biomedicine, therapeutic devices, but omits the new fields
Normann, R. A. Principles of bioinstrumentation
circuits, sensors for biomedicine, computers, signal processing, safety, but
omit the new fields Bronzino, J. D. Biomedical
engineering and instrumentation
many sensors for biomedicine, therapeutic devices, but omits the new fields
TextbooksAuthor/Editor Title Comments
Cromwell, L., F. J. Weibell, E. A. Pfeiffer
Biomedical instrumentation and measurements, 2nd ed
descriptive lacks equations, and omits the new fields
Cobbold, R. S. C.
Transducers for biomedical measurements
systems, many sensors for biomedicine, but omits the new fields
Webster, J. G. (ed.),
Bioinstrumentation introduces 4th semester student to measurements. Covers necessary electronics, then measurements in the new fields of molecular engineering, cellular engineering, tissue engineering, biotechnology plus hospital
instrumentation. No therapy.
Role of Experiential Learning
• Knowledge taught in a single context is less likely to support flexible transfer of knowledge.
• Laboratory modules:– Develop intuition and deepen understanding of concepts– Apply concepts learned in class to new situations– Experience basic phenomena– Develop critical, quantitative thinking– Develop experimental and data analysis skills– Learn to use scientific apparatus– Learn to estimate statistical errors, recognize systematic errors– Develop reporting skills
Science Teaching Reconsidered: A Handbook; National Research Council
Role of Technology in Learning
• Bring real world problems into classrooms• Provide scaffolding to augment what learners can do
and reason about on their path to understanding• Increase opportunities for learners to receive feedback;
to reflect on their learning process; to receive guidance toward progressive revisions that improve learning
• Build local, global communities of teachers and learners
• Expand opportunities for teacher learning
Bransford et al; How People Learn
Web Based Instructional Materials
• http://utwired.engr.utexas.edu• http://utwired.engr.utexas.edu/swpm/• http://www.utwired.engr.utexas.edu/ee302videos/
ERC
• NSF ERC: Bioengineering Educational Tech.
– Modular, multimedia learning tools
– Collaboration of bioengineering educators and learning scientists
– $10 Million over 5 years
http:www.vanth.org
Recommendations for Future Curriculum
• Past: emphasized measurements in traditional areas such as biomedical instrumentation and imaging
• Future: Expand these areas to include measurements in biosensors, molecular, cell and tissue engineering and biotechnology
The UT Electronic Taste ChipThe UT Electronic Taste Chip
salts, sugars, acids, alkaloids, small molecules, proteins, antibodies, DNA,
redox species, solvents
salts, sugars, acids, alkaloids, small molecules, proteins, antibodies, DNA,
redox species, solvents
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John T. McDevitt / UT Chem. Biochem. Dept.
106 Beads per Gram
106 Beads per Gram
Mass Production of Customized ChipsMass Production of Customized Chips
John T. McDevitt / UT Chem. Biochem. Dept.
Ca(2+) Flow Dynamics Visualized (OCP Beads) Ca(2+) Flow Dynamics Visualized (OCP Beads)
Science Demonstration #1 Science Demonstration #1
John T. McDevitt / UT Chem. Biochem. Dept.
Blank control beads
Beads conjugated to monoclonal antibody to HIV p24
Science Demonstration #4
John T. McDevitt / UT Chem. Biochem. Dept.
Areas for the Future: Exercise #5
• What new areas of bioinstrumentation will be important to emphasize in the next 5 – 10 years?