BioGeoChemical Cycles
ENERGY & MATTEREnergy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed.
Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in___________________________BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
WATER CYCLE= ___________________HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
building blocks of cells
photosynthesis
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Water is a good _________________Many molecules dissolve in water so itprovides a place for chemical reactionsto happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with__________________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
SOLVENT
HOMEOSTASIS
WATER CYCLE
evaporation
condensation
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
TRANSPIRATION
PRECIPITATION
PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
CO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inOcean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil
fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks
atmosphereocean
landUnderground
Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
CO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inOcean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
1.________________ 2.______________ 3._________________4.____________ of dead organisms
Volcanic activityHuman activity (burning fossil fuels)Cellular respirationDecomposition
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
BUILDING BLOCKS
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on.
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
GLUCOSEPHOTOSYNTHESIS
N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
NO3-
and NO2-
Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?
Image by Riedell
__________________make DNA and RNA
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______
Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
NITROGEN BASES
ATP
amino acids
79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas
(N2)
Image by Riedell Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________
CAN’T
lightningVolcanic activityfew special bacteria
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Bacteria that live ______________and in _________ relationships withplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
in the soilsymbiotic
legumes
AMMONIA (NH3)
NITROGEN FIXATION
Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell
Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________ ___________ we breathe!
NITRATES (NO3- )
FOOD WE EATNOT THE AIR
& NITRITES (NO2-)
N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
NO3-
and NO2-
Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
in the soil
NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS
DENITRIFICATION
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water
Phosphate moves through food web
Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition
Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle
Phosphorus cycle
is only biogeochemical
cycle that does
NOT cycle through the ______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
atmosphere
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?
Image by Riedell
Makes DNA and RNA
Transfers energy as ATP
Makes phospholipids for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle
Both are GASSES important to all living things.
Unlike water which always stays water, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) convert back and forth as they cycle on the planet.
ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONDuring respiration
(breathing), animals inhale oxygen (O2) and convert it to carbon dioxide (CO2).
PLANT CONTRIBUTIONDuring
photosynthesis (the process where plants make food for themselves) plants breathe in carbon dioxide (CO2) and exhale oxygen (O2).
DECOMPOSERSDead organic
material contains carbon dioxide (CO2), so as decomposers break down the tissue, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
FOSSIL FUELSOil, Gas, Coal are
examples. When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into the atmosphere.