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Bioenergy policyin Sweden
Mats EngströmScience and Innovation CounsellorEmbassy of Sweden, Tokyo2017-05-22
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Photo: Kristiina Kontoniemi
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Photo: Melker Dahlstrand
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Final use of energy in Sweden by source 2014
Source: Svebio
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Use of biomass per sector 1983-2013
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Policy measures
• Research, development, demonstration
• Carbon tax
• Investment support
• Green certificate scheme (Sweden-Norway)
• Emission trading (EU ETS)
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Success factors
• Economic incentives for both heat and electricity
• Well-developed district heating systems, involvement of local governments
• Long-term R&D cooperation gov-industry
• Strong industry, support for small forestryowners, cooperation within bioenergy sector(Svebio)
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Energy agreement 2016
• No net emissions of GHG in 2045
• 100% renewable electricity production in 2040
• Certificate system: Increased level of ambition
• Nuclear power: no political phase-outdecisions, no subsidies
• Sweden to be a net exporter of electricity
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Carbon pricing is working
• Sweden first (1991) to implement a carbon tax that provided real incentives for renewables
• Designed to achieve change in heating sector
• Gradual increase of tax level
• Strong shift from coal and oil to biomass
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Igelsta plant in Södertälje, 200 MW heat, 75 MW electricity(source: Söderenergi)
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Input energy used in the production of district heating
Source: Swedish Energy Agency and Statistics Sweden
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Why was the carbon tax possible?
• Climate change on the agenda
• Part of broad tax reform
• Well-designed proposal ready when politicalwindow was open
• ”Vested interests” not so strong
• Tax experts on board
• Political leadership
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Industry
• Strong increase of biobased electricityproduction in forest industry because ofcertificate system
• Biomass replacing fossil fuels in a number ofindustry sectors including agriculture, as a result of increased carbon taxation
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A few words on transport
• Biofuel share increasing – 19 per cent of all vehicle fuel in 2016 (highest in EU)
• Tax reduction, investment support, quota, R&D
• Political target: vehicle fleet independent offossil fuels in 2030
• Sustainability criteria