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Bio A -Chapter 12 Notes: Meiosis & Reproduction
1. Asexual Reproduction
2. Examples of Animal & Plant reproduction
3. Chromosome Numbers
4. Homologous Chromosomes
5. Diploid vs. Haploid cells
6. Somatic Cells vs. Gametes
7. Meiosis
8. Differences between meiosis and mitosis
9. Spermatogenesis
10. Oogenesis
11. Haploid gametes? Why?
12. Interphase
13. Meiosis I
14. Prophase I
15. Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes
16. Crossing Over
17. Metaphase I
18. Anaphase I
19. Telophase I
20. Interkinesis
21. Meiosis II
22. Prophase II
23. Metaphase II
24. Anaphase II
25. Telophase II
26. End Result of Meiosis
27. Increasing genetic variation
28. Reproductive cloning
29. Therapeutic cloning
30. Dolly
31. Karyotyping
32. Nondisjunction
32. Prokaryotic Reproduction
33. Plant Reproduction
34. Anatomy of a Flowering Plant
Sepals = leaf-like structures covering a bud. Flower petals = attract pollinators Stamen = male part -Filament = stalk -Anther = holds pollen grains (where spermatogenesis occurs) Pistil= the female parts in the center of the flower. - Stigma = sticky tip of the pistil - Style = tube connecting stigma to ovary. -Ovary= contains egg cells (where oogenesis occurs) (also where fertilization occurs)
35. External vs. Internal fertilization
36. Marsupials
37. Female Reproductive system
1. Oviducts- tube structures that lead to the uterus 2. Uterus- muscular pear shaped organ where
embryo develops 3. Endometrium – lining of uterus 4. Vagina- Muscular passageway baby exits, entry
site sperm deposit during sexual intercourse, menstrual fluid passes out of this
5. Ovary – where egg cells mature and from where they are release during ovulation
6. Corpus Luteum – Ruptured follicle when egg is released during ovulation
7. Menstrual Cycle- 28 day cycle that releases the egg from ovary (many hormones involved)
38. Glands of Female Reproductive System
39. Hormones of Female Reproductive System
1. GnRH causes the Pituitary to release FSH or LH 2. FSH causes the follicle (supports the maturing egg
cell) in ovary to mature. 3. LH causes follicle to burst to release the egg from
ovary (this is called ovulation) 4. Estrogen – causes the build-up of uterine
lining/secondary sex characteristics 5. Progesterone- helps building the uterine lining
40. Uterus Anatomy
41. Ovary diagram
42. What happens in uterus during the menstrual cycle
43. Hormones and changes in the uterus and ovary during the menstrual cycle
44. Negative Feedback
45. Positive Feedback
46. Fertilization
47. HCG
48. Corpus Luteum
49. Male Reproductive System
1. Scrotum – contains the testes and lies outside of body to keep sperm cooler than body temp.
2. Seminiferous tubules – located in testes. Where sperm is produced during meiosis
3. Epididymis – coiled part of sperm duct where sperm are stored
4. Seminal fluid – sugary liquid that is produced by prostate gland and seminal vesicles that give sperm energy & lubrication
5. Vas Deferens – tube that transports sperm from testes to spermatic cord to urethra and out penis
6. Androgens- male hormones (testosterone)
50. Male Reproductive System Anatomy
51. Glands in the Male Reproductive System
52. Hormones of the Male Reproductive System
1. GnRH causes the Pituitary to release FSH or LH 2. FSH causes spermatogenesis to occur in the testes 3. LH causes cells in testes to produce testosterone
(androgen hormones) 4. Testosterone – Controls the production of
secondary sex characteristics
53. Secondary Sex Characteristics in Women
54. Secondary Sex Characteristics in Men
55. Infertility