BestAvailableTechniquesforWasteIncinera7on
LigheaSpeziale
16June2016,Ro6erdam 8thCEWEPWaste-to-EnergyCongress2016 1
TableofContents
Ø LegalFramework
Ø Howdoesthereviewwork?
Ø CriIcalaspectsoftheBREFWIReview
Ø Currentstatus
Ø CalibraIonstandard
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LegalFrameworkIPPC (1996)
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (96/61/EC)
WID 2000 2nd Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC )
IED (2010) (2010/75/EU)
5 other directives 5 other
directives 5 other
directives 4 other
directives
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• prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution • high level of protection for the environment as a whole • Permits of plants based on Best Available Techniques (BAT)
BAT are determined by a Technical Working Group steered by the JRC (EIPPCB) and documented in BREFs
‘BAT conclusions’ are secondary legislation
LCP (2001) Large Combustion Plants (2001/80/EC)
Revised BAT conclusions are the reference for setting/updating permit conditions (within four years from the publication)
“Permits to contain emission limit values (ELVs) to ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs)”
Changesinthelegalframework
BAT Conclusions
Permit of WtE plant
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TableofContentsØ Howdoesthereviewwork?
The “Sevilla process”: a complex consensus-building exchange of information with numerous stakeholders
and underpinned by sound techno-economic information that has been enshrined into law by:
Commission Implementing Decision 2012/119/EU
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Forum members: • guidance to COM • nominate in TWGs • formal opinion on BREFs
BREF authors team: • lead TWGs • validate/check information • draft BREFs
TWG members: • research information • peer review draft BREFs
Members of the Committee: • vote the BAT conclusions
CEWEP represented in the WI BREF TWG by 9 people, from the secretariat and the members (Itad, BW2E, Utilitalia, SVDU, Avfall Sverige)
Howdoesthereviewwork?
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
Technical Working Group (TWG)
• Industry • Member States
• NGOs • Commission
‘Forum’ (IED Article 13) lead by the Commission: industry, Member States, environmental NGOs
EU Member States Committee (IED Article 75)
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Industry EU Member States
+ EFTA and Accession Countries
Environmental NGOs European Commission/
EIPPCB
The‘Sevillaprocess’
Bulk of info. needed (incl. questionnaires)
Comments
BREF
• Forum opinion on BREF • Adoption of BAT
conclusions through the IED Art. 75 Committee
* D2 optional Total duration: • 24 – 29 months (without D2) • 29 – 39 months (with D2)
TWG Kick off Meeting
Draft 1 (D1)
Draft 2 (D2)*
Final TWG Meeting
Final draft BAT Conclu
sions BAT Conclusions
Howdoesthereviewwork?
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• Participants: experts from CEWEP and ESWET members
• Chairs: Ella Stengler (CEWEP) and Edmund Fleck (MARTIN/ESWET)
• Observers: FEAD and Municipal Waste Europe (MWE)
• Regarding critical issues: JWG makes proposals which will be formally approved by the board of each association
CEWEP is involved in the Review as member of the TWG. The preparation for the work is developed within CEWEP – ESWET Joint Working Group (JWG) on BREF WI
Howdoesthereviewwork?
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BREFsreferonlytoEUlegisla7onbuttheyaredraJedfromdatadeliveredwithna7onal/regionalrules
TheBREFsmustbedrawnupEXCLUSIVELYincompliancewiththeEUregula7on*
And to make it more complicated… It is crucial to identify the national rules which may affect the nature of the data collected, e.g.: • How some data can be discarded from the yearly set in some MS • How is the confidence interval deducted • How are the Limits of Detection/Quantification taken into account • How is compliance checked (column A or B, 4-hr/60-hr counter…)
The experts involved in the review must clear their mind and disregard their national implementation rules
12*IED 2010/75/EU), Guidance (Annex to Decision 2012/119/EU), Monitoring ref. report (Revised final draft 2/2015)
Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview1/
IEDGeneralregime:complianceinNormalOpera7ngCondi7ons(NOC)
IED does not define NOC nor OTNOC (Other Than Normal Operating Conditions) but gives examples of OTNOCs.
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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/
IED special regime for incineration: compliance in Effective Operating Time (EOT)
VS
IEDGeneralregime:► ComplianceofemissionstoairassessedinNormalOpera7ng
Condi7ons(NOC)• IED,ArIcle15:“Thecompetentauthorityshallsetemissionlimitvaluesthatensurethat,undernormaloperaIng
condiIons,emissionsdonotexceedtheemissionlevelsassociatedwiththebestavailabletechniquesaslaiddowninthedecisionsonBATconclusionsreferredtoinArIcle13(5)…”
► BAT-AELsdefinedinNormalOpera7ngCondi7ons(NOC)• ArIcle3.13defines:“emissionlevelsassociatedwiththebestavailabletechniques'as'therangeofemissionlevelsobtained
undernormaloperaIngcondiIonsusingabestavailabletechniqueoracombinaIonofbestavailabletechniques,expressedasanaverageoveragivenperiodofIme,underspecifiedreferencecondiIons”.
IED does not define NOC nor OTNOC (Other Than Normal Operating Conditions) but gives examples of OTNOCs.
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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/
EOT
All½-hrand10-minvalues*mustbecalculatedandcomplywithELVswithintheEffec7veOpera7ngTime(EOT)(AnnexVI,Part8,§1.2)“1.2.Thehalf-hourlyaveragevaluesandthe10-minuteaveragesshallbedeterminedwithintheeffec7veopera7ng7me(excludingthestart-upandshut-downperiodsifnowasteisbeingincinerated)(…)”
ü IEDdoesnotdefineEOT* By default, daily average values must comply with ELVs within EOT too Indeed Annex VI, Part 8, §1.2 adds: “The daily average values shall be determined from those validated average values.” (i.e. from the ½-hr values)
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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/
IED special regime for incineration:
NOC
FutureBAT-AELsmustbehigherthanformerBAT-AELs
Set limits in the permits that do not exceed the BATAELs - Art. 15.3 of IED
IPPC IED
LIMIT according to WID 2000 The same values became Max ELVs (“Safety net”)
(mg/Nm3)
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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/
IPPC-BATAELs = Typical LEVELS obtained in
operation when using BATs
IED-BATAELs = Ceiling for the ELVs set out in permits
New ceiling for permits
FormerBATAELsaretypicalvaluesmeasuredinopera7on
BATAEL (= LEVELs) Range according to 1st BREF
(IPPC regime)
mg/m3
0
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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/
Maximal ELV (LIMIT) according to IED
Range of OBSERVED TYPICAL values (LEVELs)
FormerBATAELsarenotconsistentwithIED
BATAEL Range according to
1st BREF (IPPC regime)
mg/m3
0
Range of OBSERVED AVERAGE values (LEVELs)
Maximal ELV (LIMIT) according to IED
Art. 15.3 gives two options with the same results: (a) “ELVs that do not exceed the BATAELs” (b) “ELVs that ensure that the emissions do not exceed the BATAELs” 18
Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/
Under IED: this would become the range of NEW LIMITs (ELV) for the permits
NEWBATAELsmusttakeintoaccountMAXvalues
Industry EU Member States
+ EFTA and Accession Countries
Environmental NGOs European Commission/
EIPPCB
Bulk of info. needed (incl. questionnaires)
Comments
BREF
• Forum opinion on BREF • Adoption of BAT
conclusions through the IED Art. 75 Committee
* D2 optional Total duration: • 24 – 29 months (without D2) • 29 – 39 months (with D2)
TWG Kick off Meeting
Draft 1 (D1)
Draft 2 (D2)*
Final TWG Meeting
Final draft BAT Conclu
sions BAT Conclusions
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TheSevillaprocess
Currentstatus:Datacollec7onBREFWIdatacollecIonclosedon15thApril2016(about300WIlines)
Austria 4%
Belgium 6%
Czech Republic
0.3%
Denmark 2%
Finland 3%
France 15%
Germany 34%
Italy 10%
Norway 2%
Poland 3%
Portugal 2%
Spain 6%
Sweden 2%
The Netherlands
2%
United Kingdom
9%
SeveralTWGmembers,includingCEWEP,requestedthattheEIPPCBorganiseaworkshopontheprocessingofthedatacollectedinordertoderiveBATconclusionsandBAT-AELs.CEWEPsecretariatwillworkoncheckingandprocessingthedatacollectedinordertohaveamethodologyathandtoderivesoundBAT-AELs.
► ToexpressBAT-AELsinconcentra7onsasadailyaverageorasanaverageoverthesamplingperioddependingontheavailabilityofconInuousmonitoringforagivenpollutant.
► SubjecttothedatacollecIon,wherepracIcableandjusIfied,toalsoexpressBAT-AELsinconcentra7onsashalf-hourlyaveragesforthosepollutantsmonitoredconInuously.
► TogatherinformaIononannualaverageemissionsinordertoupdateChapter3oftheWIBREF,butnottoexpressaddiIonallong-termaverageBAT-AELs(withthepossibleexcepIonofNOXandHg,subjecttodatacollecIon).
Currentstatus:Afewcertain7esDecisionsonBAT–AssociatedEmissionsLevels
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► Toestablishaclearsystemboundary,includinge.g.definiIonsoftermsandcalculaIonmethodsused► Tocollectdataondesignenergyrecoveryvaluesoftheplantandonitsactualperformance,includinge.g.presenceofadistrictheaIng/coolingnetwork► TocollectdataontheenergyconsumpIonofincineraIonplants(e.g.energydemandandcombusIonofsupportfuels).► TosetBAT-AEPLsforthedesignofnewplantstobeverifiedduringtheperformancetes7ngandtoconsidersecngBAT-AEPLsbasedonactualperformanceforexis7ngplants.
Currentstatus:Afewcertain7esDecisionsonEnergyissues
The requirements on energy in the old BREF will not be used in the revised BREF
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TableofContents
LegalFrameworkHowdoesthereviewwork?CriIcalaspectsoftheBREFWIReviewWherearewe?ThepointofviewoftheoperatorsofWtEplantsinEurope
***ProposalforBATAELsderivaIonStudyonoperaIonaldataØ CalibraIonstandard
Calibra7onstandard
IEDArt.70(3).MonitoringshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithCENstandards[…]
WIplantsareequippedwithAutomatedMeasuringSystems(AMS)thathavetobecalibratedaccordingtoCENstandards.EN14181specifiesproceduresforQualityAssuranceLevels(QAL)forAMS:
► Aprocedure(QAL2)tocalibratetheAMSanddeterminethevariabilityofthemeasuredvaluesobtainedbyit
► Aprocedure(QAL3)tomaintainanddemonstratetherequiredqualityofthemeasurementsresults
► AprocedurefortheAnnualSurveillanceTest(AST)oftheAMStoevaluatethatitfuncIonscorrectlyanditsperformanceremainsvalidandthatitscalibraIonfuncIonandvariabilityremainaspreviouslydetermined.
IEDAnnexVI,Part6.1.2&1.3
QAL2procedureslinktheassessmentoftheAMSperformancewiththe
measureuncertaintyattheleveloftheELVappliedfortheplant.Thefactthat
calibraIonandvariabilityareinfluencedbythevalueoftheELV
meansthatthereisaminimumELVtoavoidthefailureofthemeasurement
equipment.
Calibra7onstandard
BATAEL Range according to
1st BREF (IPPC regime)
mg/m3
0
Range of OBSERVED AVERAGE values (LEVELs)
IED ELV (LIMIT)
NEW LIMITs (ELV) for the permits
AccepIngthatoperaIonalvalues(usuallyverylow,especiallyforWIplants)becomethebasistoset
limitsinthefuturepermitscarrieswithintheriskoffailuretocomply
withmonitoringrequirements.
BATAELs ranges have to be checked by the CEN TC 264 before they are set in the revised BREF WI.
Calibra7onstandard–INERISstudy
CEWEPandotherassociaIonsaskedINERIStoinvesIgatehowcalibraIonstandardsinfluencetheseqngofELVsandhowmuchtheycanbeloweredwithoutcausingmeasuringsystemstofail.Sinceemissionsmeasurementscomewithununcertainty,whichbecomesmoreimportant–asarelaIvevalue–whenthemeasurementsarecloseto0,wecallupondecision-makerstobecauIouswhenchoosingELVswithinthenewly-definedBATAELrangesintheBREFs,becauseloweringELVsrisksfailingcalibraIonofmonitoringinstruments.
KeyMessages
BAT-AELs• TobederivedinEOT• Methodtobediscussedwith
theTWGandnotclosedbox• HavetobesetfromMax
values• Rangecannotbetoowide
(endlessdiscussions)• Thelowerendcannotbethe
lowestvaluereported
DataCollec7on• Largedatabase–virtuallyall
theEUplants• Nodisregardofoutliers• CompaIbilitycheckwith
calibraIonstandards
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