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Behavior Change for Energy Conservation: Principles and
Practices to Engage the Campus Community
Marian Huhman, PhD Chair, Energy Conservation & Building Standards SWATeam, UIUC Karl Helmink Associate Director, Utilities and Energy, UIUC
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Energy Usage Trend FY07-FY16
303,
000
294,
000
286,
000
277,
000
268,
000
260,
000
251,
057
242,
400
234,
159
314
,548
303
,649
283
,894
260
,366
245
,339
218
,691
222
,451
230
,028
226
,318
220
,210
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
9,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16
HDD BTU/GSF
Actual BTU /Sq Ft / Year (EUI) iCAP Goals, BTU/GSF Gross input, BTU/GSF HDD
Down by 27%
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Lots has been done. . .
Retro-commissioning Lighting upgrades Building improvements ESCO’s
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But. . .
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This talk
Principles of behavior change Engaging the campus community Projects underway at UIUC Perspectives
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Principles of Changing behavior
Make doing the right thing . . .
Easy, Fun, Popular
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Right decision = Easy
Lincoln Hall
Stairs vs
elevator
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Right decision = Stair prompts
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More stair prompts
Stair prompts
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Fun/Enjoyable
https://www.google.com/search?q=stair+prompts&tbm=isch&imgil=pVssCi0KtCgRcM%253A%253BUKGbgbtpnczshM%253Bhttps%25
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Popular--Social pressure to fit in
www.google.com/search?q=watersmart+smiley+faces&tbm=isch&imgil=2E6fvbCJZ4OR-M%253A%253BdThC1AKYVoZi8M%25
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Recap:
Easy, fun, popular
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Design to make it easy
Lead users to the right choice.
Choice architect
https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=architect+photos&fr=mcafee&imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Flawfirmintranet.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F11%2Farchitect.jpg#id=2
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Choice Architect
Combat obesity: Put fruits and veggies in front. Energy conservation: Occupancy sensors
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Nudges
Nudge to the right choice, but (generally) don’t force.
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Behavior change: what works
Altruism--usually not.
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Behavior change: what works
Awareness alone is not enough. Knowledge often needed, but not sufficient. For most of us, incentives are needed
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Behavior change: what works
Humans take the path of least resistance.
Make the preferable choice the default.
Example: Automatic closure of fume hoods
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Behavior change: Communication
Inspiring messages Pledges: “I pledge to turn off my computer every night this week.” Not a general statement: “Energy conservation is important.” Rather, a specific behavior: “Turn off your room lights every time you leave your room.”
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Realistic expectations
Campaigns to change behavior: 5 – 8 percentage points change. If use fines, taxes, regulations: 16 percentage points change.
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Illinois Climate Action Plan
Engage and incentivize the campus community in energy conservation, including a comprehensive energy conservation
campaign, with at least 50% of units participating by FY20.
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Illini Lights Out April 15, 2016 20 student volunteers
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
9 buildings
Pizza for incentive
Results: • 1500 lights
turned off • 70 windows
closed.
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Eco-Olympics
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Eco-Olympics Competition between dorms.
Incentive is a party and trophy.
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
❑ Certified Green Office Program
❑ Campus offices do self-assessment of
sustainable actions.
❑ Get certificate if meet criteria
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
❑ Energy Conservation Incentive Program
❑ Awards to facilities with top energy
conservation results.
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Fume hood—Shut the Sash Student led pilot project in 1 building
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Student project 1:
“Green Hoods”
• Information
• Reminders
• Praise
• Promising results
Fume hoods A gentle reminder to shut the sash when not in use. Thanks for saving energy! Green Hoods [date] Thank you for helping us reach our ICAP objectives! Karl Helmink, Facilities & Services The Student Sustainability Committee Robert Hauser, Dean, College of ACES
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Student project 2:
• Attitudes
• Barriers
• Motivators
• Influences
Fume hoods Study:
“Fume Hood Usage: A Qualitative Examination of Energy Conservation in UIUC Labs”
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Results:
Knowledge/awareness about proper fume hood usage—OK for faculty and lab managers; poor for students at all levels. Student level: confusion about when to shut sash or turn off the fume hood Shutting the sash is burdensome Lack of perceived benefit
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Results:
Motivators: Metrics of lab’s progress (e.g.,$ saved) Rewards—food and competitions Reminders would help
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Others: FUME HOODS
Harvard’s Shut the Sash competition Saves more energy than any other behavioral program ■Around $240,000/year Bi-monthly e-mails and real-time collection
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BUDGET for Green Labs Institution Annual Budget Work Force Time devoted
Harvard Unspecified about $100k
1 full-time staff, 2 part-time faculty, 2 students
75-82 hrs/wk + 1 part-time faculty
Stanford Unspecified 1 full-time staff, Office of Sustainability faculty, student interns
Unspecified
Texas $28K 1 part-time staff, several faculty members, 6 students
50+ hrs/wk from students
UC Boulder ~$100K 1 part time 0.8 FTE, 10 students
~92 hrs/wk
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Campus engagement in energy conservation
Includes:
• Lights & electronics
• Freezers
• Fume hoods
• Chemical usage & disposal
• Recycling
Working toward Certified Green Labs program
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Campus Budget
pressures
◻1700 Fume Hoods (approx.) ■Annual Energy Cost $5-8 million
◻Campus Lab Buildings ■Annual Energy Cost over $15 million
Campus engagement in energy conservation
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Recent RCx
Building Discussion
◻ Natural Resources Building ■ 30 Fume Hoods in the building ■ Only 3 Fume Hoods are operational ■ 10 VAV fume hoods added in 90’s
Campus engagement in energy conservation
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Need to balance safety w/ energy savings
◻ Typical RCx conversations ■ Pros
■ Fume Hood switches ■ Green attitude
■ Cons ■ Chemical clean up needed ■ Future grant work may arrive ■ Upgrade work can be expensive ■ Energy awareness needs to improve
Campus engagement in energy conservation
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◻ Theory Number of needed fume hoods is decreasing in select areas of campus. ■ Change in 30 year old labs. ■ Campus parties must agree to take fume hoods out of service.
Campus engagement in energy conservation
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◻How to monitor usage? ■DDC control trending ■Physical inspection
Campus engagement in energy conservation
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Questions