Download - Basu Water WTP design.ppsx
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8/21/2019 Basu Water WTP design.ppsx
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Basu water treatment ( Design & Operation)
Water Treatment Plant DesignWater Treatment Plant Design
alumalum
Flocculation
Clear Well
Sedimentation
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OverviewOverview
Safet
Competition guidelines
Trou!le s"ooting guide#draulic c"allenges
Surface tension
Startup re$uirements%apid i'FlocculationSedimentation
Parting Pointers
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a!orator Safeta!orator Safet
Safet "a*ards+lectrical
C"emical,luminum Sulfate (alum)
Budd Sstem
Don-t go into an ot"er areas of t"e environmental
la!orator Professional !e"avior
PP+. Safet glasses/ la! coat
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Pro0ect +'pectationsPro0ect +'pectations
Spend at least 1 "ours per wee2 wor2ing on WTPoutside of class
3eep an +'cel time s"eet (time in/ time out/ tas2/and wee2l totals) for eac" of ou (email wee2lon T"ursda to 4eff)
Wor2 toget"er as a team and divide up tas2s
Spend time teac"ing eac" ot"er w"at ou arelearning
Professional Pla5 (#ave fun5)
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Team Wor2 Team Wor2
T"in2 efficienc
6ou can-t all wor2 on t"e same t"ing5Compare our team wor2 to soccer plaers
Don-t !unc" up5
7ive eac" ot"er permission to e'periment wit"
t"e planta2e a pro0ect sc"edule
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Water Treatment Plant 7oalsWater Treatment Plant 7oals
Best value (meets +P, tur!idit standard wit"lowest annual cost of production for 86C)
ongest continuous operationBest plant control logicBest plant designBest maintenance plan for cleaning sedimentation
tan2 and flocculation tan2 Documentation of e'perimentation/ data analsis/
and appropriate plant modifications
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+P, Tur!idit Standards+P, Tur!idit Standards
,s of 4anuar 9/ :;;:/ tur!idit ma never e'ceed 9 8T
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+conomics+conomics
Capital costs Cost of !uilding t"e various components
!uilding
Controls and sensors Operation and aintenance costs (O&)
C"emicals (alum)
+lectricit
a!our
Bot" capital and O& costs contri!ute to t"e cost of t"ewater produced
We will onl include t"e capital costs for t"is competition
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Competition +conomicsCompetition +conomics
We will onl include t"e costs for t"e processest"at ou can control
T"e costs will !e scaled as if our plant were fullscale
Ot"erwise t"e computer/ data ac$uisition sstem/and control "ardware would completel dominate
t"e cost5T"e clear well and t"e flow accumulator will not
!e included in t"e economics
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Capital Cost +stimates volume of garnet
sand :; Em> volume of sand
ant"racite >; Em> volume of ant"racite
rapid mi' tan2 @;;; Em> volume of rapid mi' tan2
flocculation tan2 :@;; Em> volume of flocculationtan2
sedimentation :;;; Em> volume of sedimentation tan2
lamella:; Em: total surface area of lamella
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Calculating t"e cost of water from
our plant if applied to 86C
Calculating t"e cost of water from
our plant if applied to 86C
Calculate t"e cost of our plant,ssign cost for 9 wee2 of operation assuming :@
ear life (99>;;t" of total capital cost)Calculate t"e amount of water produced in t"e
wee2 of t"e competition Su!tract an water t"at was produced wit"in 9:
"ours of a tur!idit standard violation
Calculate t"e cost per m> of water producedCalculate t"e annual cost for using our process to
provide ; m>s to 86C
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W"en it doesn-t wor25W"en it doesn-t wor25
6ou are creating a comple' sstem
,n component t"at fails can lead to failure
in t"e sstem
#ow do ou identif t"e source of a
pro!lemG
,ttempt to identif t"e events t"at couldcause a failure in advance
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Scientific et"od of
Trou!les"ooting
Scientific et"od of
Trou!les"ooting
T"e Scientific met"od.Clearl identif t"e pro!lem
Create "pot"esesDesign e'periments to test t"e "pot"eses
Draw conclusions !ased on t"e data
#ow can ou c"oose w"ic" components to test
firstG HntuitionG,s2 w"ic" component could cause t"e o!served
smptoms
%e$uires an understanding of "ow t"e sstem wor2s5
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odular ,pproac"odular ,pproac"
#ow can ou !uild a comple' sstem wit" t"egreatest pro!a!ilit of ultimate successG
Brea2 a sstem down into its components and testindividual pieces
Onl add components to t"e sstem after t"ecomponents "ave !een tested
Begin wit" t"e sstem as simple as possi!leW"at would t"e simplest operating rules !eG
,dd unit processes one ! one
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State ac"inesState ac"ines
W"at are t"e potential states for our water
filtration plantG
Off Down flow
Bac2was"
edia settleFilter to Waste
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Plant State ogicPlant State ogic
,ssume our water treatment plant is
currentl !ac2was"ing=
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Output Device ControlOutput Device Control
Some of t"e controls are eit"er on or off
depending on t"e state
Centrifugal !ac2was" pumpFilter to waste valve
Some of t"e controls "ave varia!le settings
,lum pump rpmFlow control valve
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,lum pump rpm,lum pump rpm
#ow mig"t a plant operator want to controlt"e alum pumpG
Pump rpm,lum stoc2 flow rate
,lum mass rate
,lum concentration after mi'ing
Full automatic !ased on raw water tur!idit
W"at inputs are re$uiredG
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Flow Control IalveFlow Control Ialve
#ow s"ould t"esolenoid valve !econtrolledG
W"at role does t"eflow accumulator
plaGW"at will "appen to
t"e flow rate if t"evalve is opened fora s"ort period oftimeG
Closed loop control logic
P H D
( )
9
c D
I u t K t T T t
e
e e
æ D
= + ×D +çè Då
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#draulic C"allenges(getting t"e water to go w"ere ou want it to go)
#draulic C"allenges(getting t"e water to go w"ere ou want it to go)
ea2sConnections not sufficientl tig"t
Hmprovised connections lac2ing a good seal
OverflowsCaused ! water not going w"ere ou t"oug"t it was
going
Open c"annel flows (air and water) J coming up
+'cessive "ead lossTu!ing si*e too small
Filter clogging
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Simplified WTP Sc"ematicSimplified WTP Sc"ematic
Can t"e flow accumulator !e on t"e !enc" topG W"at controls t"e sedimentation tan2 water levelG W" does t"e water flow t"roug" t"e filterG #ow would ou start up t"e plant and get water to flow
t"roug" t"e filter t"e first timeG #ow muc" "ead loss can t"e filter cause !efore t"e
sstem failsG
Flocculation Clear Well
Sedimentation
6esOverflow weir
+levation difference
Bac2was"
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Hmproved WTPHmproved WTP
W" is t"is !etterG
a' "ead lossG
#ow could oumeasure "eadloss t"roug" t"e
filterGClear Well
Open C"annel Flow
Flocculation
Sedimentation
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%elative Strengt" of Forces%elative Strengt" of Forces
;=;@;
;=;@@;=;;
;=;@
;=;K;
;=;K@
;=;;
; :; 1; ; ; 9;;
Temperature (C)
S u r f a c e t e n s i o n ( 8 m )
;=;@;
;=;@@;=;;
;=;@
;=;K;
;=;K@
;=;;
; :; 1; ; ; 9;;
Temperature (C)
S u r f a c e t e n s i o n ( 8 m )
Surface tension 7ravit
Sta!leL F g gl r =
F l s
s=
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Open C"annel Flows. Water and
,ir
Open C"annel Flows. Water and
,ir
,ll overflows tu!es are open c"annel flow
inimum inside diameter for sin2 drain is
=>@ mm (MN)inimum inside diameter for line w"ere
water level moves up and down !ased on
filter "ead loss is ?=@ mm (>N)W"at "appens if t"e tu!ing isn-t largeenoug" for open c"annel flowG
WTP
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ea2 and Overflow Preventionea2 and Overflow Prevention
Clear well overflow line must !e "ori*ontal or slopingdown (can-t go up and down)
W"at "appens if "ead loss t"roug" t"e filter increases too
muc"G C"ec2 eac" tan2 or tu!e wit" an opening to t"e atmosp"ere
and as2. W"at could cause an overflow at t"is locationG
#ow could we design t"e sstem to reduce ris2 of failure
Turn off t"e manual suppl valve w"en ou aren-t usingt"e plant
a2e sure t"at all solenoid valves are off w"en t"e plantisn-t !eing used=
WTP
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Plant aoutPlant aout
Design a plant laout t"at is eas to follow
Tu!ing lengt"s can !e c"anged so ou can
place our devices anw"ere ou wantt"em
Beware of large diameter "ori*ontal tu!es
containing particlesW"G
WTP
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Startup %e$uirementsStartup %e$uirements
Stamp module must !e on t"e computer side of t"e
!enc" divider
ust prove t"at e'cessive "ead loss will cause t"efilter to !ac2was" !efore causing a flood5
ust s"ow t"at !ac2was" won-t empt clear well
ust s"ow t"at t"e plant switc"es !etween states
correctl
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PointersPointers
Pressure sensors must !e 2ept dr (t"e can fail ifone drop of water soa2s into t"e terminals)
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Operating CriteriaOperating Criteria
Hnitial down flow rate of @ m" (1; mlmin) Hf ou increase t"e down flow rate ma2e a!solutel sure
t"at t"e plant doesn-t overflow
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• Hydraulic Jump. #draulic 4ump creates tur!ulence and
t"us "elp !etter mi'ing=
• Mechanical mixing
Hnflow
C"emical
feeding
C"emical
feeding
Hnflow
Bac2 mi' impeller flat!lade impeller
%apid i'ing%apid i'ing
• In-line flash mixing
Coagulant
7oalG
Poor
+'cellent
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Flocculation DesignFlocculation Design
7oal. produce large flocs from tin particlesCollision ec"anism.
S#+,%
We are doing researc" to findS"ear t"at will cause floc to !rea2 apart (floc strengt")7θ necessar to produce !ig floc (will dictate lengt" of
tu!e flocculator)
Transfer into sedimentation tan2 must !e donewit"out increasing t"e s"ear
#ow s"ort can ou ma2e t"isG
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7iven 7θ/ and d/ Find Floc Tu!e
engt"
7iven 7θ/ and d/ Find Floc Tu!e
engt"
True for laminar flow>1
>
QG
d π =
:
1
d L
Q
π =
:
>
1 9
1 > >d L Q LGQ d d
π θ
π π = ⋅ =
>
9
dG L
π θ =
θ =Q
∀=
:
1d Lπ
Q
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Tur!idit after Sedimentation
Hncreases wit" a'imum S"ear
Tur!idit after Sedimentation
Hncreases wit" a'imum S"ear
,s s"ear increasesfloc si*e decreases
Small floc settle more
slowl Ht is possi!le t"at
some ver smallcolloids are producedw"en large floc
!rea2up 8et result. "ig"ers"ear causes "ig"ertur!idit aftersedimentation
ma' >
>:QG
d π
=
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Sedimentation Tan2 Sedimentation Tan2
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#ow will our Team WinG#ow will our Team WinG
Produce t"e most clean water
3eep costs down
+fficient use of flocculationsedimentation tan2s 4udicious use of filter to waste
Onl !ac2was" w"en needed
Well designed filter media (donated !
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7ood +ngineeringG7ood +ngineeringG
#ow would ou approac" t"is tas2 as a
Cornell engineer in a wa t"at is different
t"en "ow ou would approac" it inelementar sc"oolG
#ow do ou learn a!out t"e p"sical
worldG
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Competition Su!missionCompetition Su!mission
Su!mit @ copies ! @ pm on T"ursda (a @)= +'ecutive Summar
, one page cover letter to t"e 0udges w"ere ou introduce our designfirm/ identif t"e mem!ers of our design team/ and descri!e t"e
important features of our water treatment plant= Final plant sc"ematic
all valves/ sensors/ tan2s/ and pumps wit" correct relative elevations=Clearl s"ow t"e elevation of t"e la!orator !enc" top=
Description of our design and our design process #ow did ou si*e t"e unit processes in our plantG S#OW
C,C
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Parting PointersParting Pointers
#draulics. water flows from "ig"er potential energ to lower potential energ
ea2s. fi' t"em rig"t awa/ clean up allspills immediatel/ 2eep !enc" dr/ sensorsand controls die w"en wet5
Save incremental versions of processcontrol met"od w"enever ou ma2ec"anges
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Thank You