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MICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLER--
BASEDBASED
SPEEDOMETERSPEEDOMETER--CUMCUM--
ODOMETERODOMETER
Submitted bySubmitted by
BABY BESTINBABY BESTINBASILJOHNSONBASILJOHNSON
THARA VIJAYANTHARA VIJAYAN
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
TheThe projectproject comprisescomprises aa dcdc motor motor speedspeed
controllercontroller circuitcircuit withwith reedreed sensorsensor.. ItIt isis beingbeingdetecteddetected byby thisthis andand displaydisplay thethe samesame atat LCDLCD
inin formform ofof speedspeed KmKm../Hr/Hr.. andand alsoalso displaydisplay thethe
distancedistance coveredcovered byby thethe vehiclevehicle..
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FEATURES OF DIGITALFEATURES OF DIGITAL
SPEDOMETERSPEDOMETER
Digital readoutDigital readout
Speed displayed in km/hourSpeed displayed in km/hour
Distance traveled displayed in kilometersDistance traveled displayed in kilometers
Readings saved in nonReadings saved in non--volatile memory (EEPROM)volatile memory (EEPROM) Reliability due to use of the microcontrollerReliability due to use of the microcontroller
No mechanical wear and tearNo mechanical wear and tear
HomeHome--brewed speed transducer/ sensorbrewed speed transducer/ sensor
Self reset to zero after completion of 99,999.9 kmSelf reset to zero after completion of 99,999.9 km Easy to build and fix onto the bikeEasy to build and fix onto the bike
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BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM
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SPEEDOMETER-CUM-
ODOMETER UNIT ON A BIKES
HANDLE BAR
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REED SWITCH AND MAGNET
FIXED ON THE FRONT WHEEL
OF MOTOR BIKE
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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CIRCUIT COMPONENTSCIRCUIT COMPONENTS
PIC 16F873APIC 16F873A
LCD MODULE
SPEED SENSOR OPTOCOUPLEROPTOCOUPLER
POWER SUPPLYPOWER SUPPLY
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CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
PIC16F873APIC16F873A
Parameter NameParameter Name ValueValue
Program Memory TypeProgram Memory Type FlashFlash
Program Memory (KB)Program Memory (KB) 77
CPU Speed (MIPS)CPU Speed (MIPS) 55 RAM BytesRAM Bytes 192192
Data EEPROM (bytes)Data EEPROM (bytes) 128128
Digital Communication PeripheralsDigital Communication Peripherals 11--A/E/USART, 1A/E/USART, 1--
MSSP(SPI/I2C) Capture/Compare/PWM PeripheralsMSSP(SPI/I2C) Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals 2 CCP2 CCP
TimersTimers 2 x 82 x 8--bit, 1 x 16bit, 1 x 16--bitbit ADCADC 55 chch, 10, 10--bitbit
ComparatorsComparators 22
Temperature Range (C)Temperature Range (C) --40 to 12540 to 125
Operating Voltage Range (V)Operating Voltage Range (V) 2 to 5.52 to 5.5
Pin CountPin Count 2828
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CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
LCD MODULELCD MODULE
To display the speed and distance traveled, weTo display the speed and distance traveled, we
have used a 16x2 alpha numeric LCD based onhave used a 16x2 alpha numeric LCD based onHD44780 controller. The backlight feature ofHD44780 controller. The backlight feature of
the LCD allows data to be visible even at nightthe LCD allows data to be visible even at night
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CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
SPEED SENSOR.
For this project, we make use of a simpleFor this project, we make use of a simple
homehome--made speed transducer. The rotation ofmade speed transducer. The rotation ofthe wheel is sensed by the combined action ofthe wheel is sensed by the combined action of
a reed switch and a magnet fixed on the wheel.a reed switch and a magnet fixed on the wheel.
The sensor sends a pulse to the microcontrollerThe sensor sends a pulse to the microcontroller
each time a revolution is madeeach time a revolution is made
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CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
OPTOCOUPLER.
An optocoupler is used to counter the effects ofAn optocoupler is used to counter the effects of
bouncing when the contact of reed switch isbouncing when the contact of reed switch isclosed.closed.
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CIRCUIT DISCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY.POWER SUPPLY.
The power supply for various parts of theThe power supply for various parts of the
circuit is drawn from the vehicles 12V batterycircuit is drawn from the vehicles 12V batteryafter reducing it to 5V using a threeafter reducing it to 5V using a three--terminalterminal
voltage.voltage.
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WORKINGWORKING
ReedReed switch,switch, whichwhich isis aa electroelectro mechanicalmechanical switchswitch ,,
whenwhen comescomes inin contactcontact withwith thethe magnet,magnet, getsgets closedclosed..
AsAs aa resultresult optocoupler,optocoupler, whichwhich interfacesinterfaces reedreed switchswitch
withwith thethe PICPIC microcontrollermicrocontroller getsgets activatedactivated resultingresultinganan interruptinterrupt signalsignal toto thethe microcontrollermicrocontroller.. NumberNumber ofof
interruptsinterrupts multipliedmultiplied withwith thethe perimeterperimeter ofof thethe wheelwheel
providesprovides thethe distancedistance coveredcovered.. AndAnd thethe numbernumber ofof
interruptsinterrupts withwith inin aa particularparticular timetime givesgives thethe speedspeed..
DistanceDistance andand speedspeed areare shownshown inin thethe LCDLCD displaydisplay
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CALCULATIONCALCULATION
Circumference of the wheel= 2rCircumference of the wheel= 2r
(where r is in cm)(where r is in cm)
= 2= 23.143.143030
= 188.4 cm or 1.884 metres= 188.4 cm or 1.884 metres
Speed in km/hour:Speed in km/hour:
NN1.881.883600/10003600/1000
= N= N6.784 or N6.784 or N6.86.8
Distance :Distance :
The odometer is updated every 100 metres. To cover 100 metres,
the wheel is required to make approximately 53 revolutions
(100/1.88).
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Normally,Normally, digitaldigital speedometersspeedometers areare foundfound onlyonly inin luxuryluxury
carscars andand highhigh--endend motorbikesmotorbikes.. EvenEven ifif youryour motorbikemotorbike
hashas aa mechanicalmechanical speedometer,speedometer, whatwhat willwill youyou dodo whenwhen
itit getsgets damaged?damaged? First,First, youyou needneed toto replacereplace thethemechanicalmechanical wormworm geargear andand thenthen thethe cablecable..
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REFERENCEREFERENCE
Electronics for you . November 2008Electronics for you . November 2008 http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/
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