Download - Autonomous cars by ihazn
Contents• What is an autonomous cars?
• Features of self-driving cars
• What Does the Car Look Like?
• How does it work?
• Diagram of Self-Driving car• Laser Scanner
• Radar
• Cameras
• Processor
• GPS Antenna
• Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras
• Traffic Ahead
• Test Drive
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• References
What is an autonomous cars?
• An autonomous car, also known as a driverless car,driver-free car, robot car or self-driving car.
Features of self-driving cars
• A self-driving cars are capable of
Sensing its environment
Navigating without human input.
Fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a
traditional car.
Making intelligent decisions.
• Maintaining an internal map and using that map to
find an optimal paths.
-Ex. road structures, pedestrians and other vehicles
How does it work?
• The vehicle build a map of its environment and preciselylocalize itself within that map. It uses laser rangefinders and cameras.
• The vehicle uses a probabilistic model to track thepredicted future path of moving objects based on itsshape.
• Intelligence and makes decisions on its own (if mistake is
made it will alert driver)
• It use its GPS to know where it is in relation to otherobjects in the map.
• It use inertial navigation unit, and sensors to preciselylocalize itself.
Laser Scanner
• The laser gives 360
degree understanding.
• Car can sense objects
at the same time.
• The laser helps to
determine its location.
Radar
• Radar detects vehicles
far ahead.
• Radar calculate other
vehicles speed.
So car can speed up or
slow down with other
vehicles.
Cameras
• The cameras detects
traffic lights.
• It helps car’s onboard
computer to recognize
moving objects.
-Ex. Pedestrian, bicycles
Processor
• Processor measures
small movements
made by the car.
• It helps to accurately
locate its positions on
the map.
GPS Antenna
• Its helps to know where it
is in relation to other
objects in the map.
• As the vehicle moves,
new positional
information and sensor
data are used to update
the vehicle’s internal
map.
Range of Scanners, Radars
and Cameras
Short-range radar
Range of 0.2m to 30m
Mid-range scan
Range of 60mLong-range radar
Range of 200mCamera
Visual range of up to 500m
30m60m
200m
Traffic Ahead • Many carmakers developing prototype vehicles that are capable
of driving autonomously in certain situation.
BMW Mercedes-Benz Nissan Google General Motors
Vehicles 5 Series
(modified)
S 500 Intelligent
driver research
vehicle
Leaf EV
(modified)
Prius and
Lexus
(modified)
Cadillac SRX
(modified)
KEYTechnologies
• Video camera
tracks lane
markings and
reads road
signs.
• Read sensors
detect objects
ahead.
• Side laser
scanners.
• Ultrasonic
sensors.
• Differential
GPS.
• Very accurate
map.
• Stereo camera
sees objects
ahead in 3-D
• Additional
cameras reads
road signs and
traffic lights.
• Short and long
range radar.
• Infrared
camera,
• Ultrasonic
sensors.
• Front and
side radar.
• Camera
• Front, side
and rear
laser sensor,
• Fore wide
angle
cameras
shows the
driver the
car’s
surroundings
.
• LIDAR on the
roof detects
objects around
the car in 3-D
• Camera helps
detect objects.
• Front and side
radar.
• Inertial
measuring unit
tracks position,
• Wheel encoder
tracks
movement.
• Very accurate
map.
• Several laser
sensors.
• Radar
• Differential
GPS
• Cameras
• Very accurate
map.
Test Drive
• Already sent out vehicles (over 140,000 miles through
traffic, residential, and highway)
• Nevada-June 2011
• Florida-April 2012
• California-September 2012
• Texas-September 2012
• Trying to find green alternatives.
Advantages
• React faster than humans.
• 360 degree perfection.
• Allows more people to commute.
• Cannot get distracted, sleepy, or intoxicated.
• Actively engage the driver (announcements like “approaching a crosswalk” or “turn ahead”)
Disadvantages
• Expensive.
• Cars reducing more
carbon.
• Costs more gas.
• Some times make wrong
decision.
Conclusion
• “Actually, I think it is a great idea once the
technology is perfected and locked down.
• Sure we can't imagine something like it now, but
think off into the future.”
References
• http://robohub.org/how-do-self-driving-cars-work/• http://images.gizmag.com/inline/stanford-audi-tts-autonomous-car-
race-car-drivers-thunderhill-raceway-9.jpeg• http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2012/02/googlea
utonomous-car-628.jpg• http://www.autonomos.inf.fu-
berlin.de/escape/sensors/migsensors/sensors/MIG_labels.jpg• http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/google-
self-driving-car-537x369.jpg• http://www.extremetech.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/06/MercedesDistronicPlusThruWindshieldIllo-640x381.jpg
• http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_lrg/volvo-autonomous-cars-42.jpg• http://cnet3.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2010/03/26/9fc59e0c-f0fc-11e2-
8c7c-d4ae52e62bcc/thumbnail/170x128/6f07b19564357d3844b8674571f0012c/AudiShelley-2.jpg
• http://www.mobilemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/nissan.jpg