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Atoms and ElementsChapter 6: The Chemistry of Life
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Atoms are the basic units of
all matter.
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1.Protons (+) 2.Neutrons (0)3.Electrons (-)
Atoms are composed of 3
sub-atomic particles:
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An atom is the smallest
particle of an element.
Elements
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An element is a substance that can not be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
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Everything is made of substances called elements.
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Each element is identified by a one- or two-letter abbreviation
called a symbol.
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Atomic numberThe atomic number is
equal to the number of protons that an atom
has.
Ex. Silver has an atomic number of 47 and therefore has 47 protons
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Atoms always contain the same number of protons
and electronsAtomic # = protons = electrons
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Atomic MassThe atomic mass is the number of
protons and neutrons added together.
How do you figure how many neutrons there are?
Atomic mass - atomic number = number of neutrons!
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The Fab Five Elements
In Biology this year, we will be focusing on 5 main elements.
They are…
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus
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Notice just how much of the human body they compose
That’s 96.8% of your total body composition!
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Carbon•Atomic Number: 6•Atomic Mass: 12.01•Carbon is the basis for organic organisms as it occurs in all living things.•Makes up about 18% of human bodies• Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Carbon in Chemical StructuresCarbon is so common in living organisms that they can sometimes be omitted to save time. Anywhere there is a corner without a letter, that means a carbon is actually there.
Carbons are representedBy the letter
C
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Hydrogen•Atomic Number: 1•Atomic Mass: 1.01•Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe•Makes up about 10% of human bodies•Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Hydrogen is
represented
By the letter H
Hydrogen in Chemical Structures
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Oxygen Atomic Number: 8 Atomic Mass: 15.99 Animals and plants require Oxygen
for respiration Makes up about 65% of human
bodies Examples: found in carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Oxygen in Chemical Structures
Oxygen is represente
dBy the
letter O
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Nitrogen Atomic Number: 7 Atomic Mass: 14.01 Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up
78.1% of the volume of the Earth's air.
Makes up about 3% of human bodies
Examples: found in proteins and nucleic acids
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Nitrogen in Chemical Structures
Nitrogen is representedBy the letter
N
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Phosphorus Atomic Number: 15 Atomic Mass: 30.97 Important for proper
skeletal and nervous system function
Makes up about 1% of human bodies
Examples: found in nucleic acids
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Phosphorus in Chemical Structures
Phosphorus is
represented
By the letter P
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Directions: Label each of the Fab Five Elements in the chemical
compound (Adenosine Triphosphate a.k.a
ATP) below.
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Directions: Label each of the Fab Five Elements in the chemical
compound (glucose) below.