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HRIDAYANKA
IX
BK.V.No.2
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CONTENTSATOMSDALTONS ATOMIC THEORY
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
HYDROGEN
CARBON
SODIUMCALCIUM
COPPER
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DALTONS ATOMIC THEORY All matter is made of very tiny particles called
atoms. Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be
created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass
and chemical properties. Atoms of different elements have different masses
and chemical properties. Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole
numbers to form compounds. The relative number and kinds of atoms are
constant in a given compound.
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ATOM
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RUTHERFORDS MODEL OF ATOM There is a positively
charged centre in an atomcalled the nucleus. Nearly
all the mass of an atomresides in the nucleus.
The electrons revolvearound the nucleus in well
defined orbits. The size of the nucleus is
very small as compared tothe size of the atom.
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BOHRS MODEL OF ATOM
Nucleus is composed ofprotons and neutrons. Protons and electrons have
equal and oppositeelectrical charges.
Only certain special orbitsknown as discrete orbits ofelectrons, are allowedinside the atom.
While revolving in discrete
orbits the electrons do notradiate energy. These orbits are called
energy levels and arerepresented by the letters
K,L,M,N... .
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STRUCTURE OF HYDROGEN ATOM
NAME HYDROGEN
SYMBOL H
ATOMIC No. 1
MASS No. 1
NUMBER OFPROTONS
1
NUMBER OFNEUTRONS
---
NUMBER OFELECTRONS
1
ELECTRONS INK - SHELL
1
VALENCY 1
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON ATOM
NAME CARBON
SYMBOL CATOMIC No. 6
MASS No. 12
NUMBER OFPROTONS
6
NUMBER OFNEUTRONS
6
NUMBER OFELECTRONS
6
ELECTRONS INK - SHELL
2
ELECTRONS INL - SHELL
4
VALENCY 4
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STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ATOM
NAME SODIUM
SYMBOL Na
ATOMIC No. 11
MASS No. 23
NUMBER OFPROTONS
11
NUMBER OF
NEUTRONS
12
NUMBER OFELECTRONS
11
ELECTRONS INK - SHELL
2
ELECTRONS INL - SHELL
8
ELECTRONS INM- SHELL
1
VALENCY 1
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STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM ATOM
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STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM ATOMNAME CALCIUM
SYMBOL Ca
ATOMIC No. 20
MASS No. 40
NUMBER OFPROTONS
20
NUMBER OFNEUTRONS
20
NUMBER OFELECTRONS
20
ELECTRONS INK - SHELL
2
ELECTRONS INL - SHELL8
ELECTRONS INM- SHELL
8
ELECTRONS INN - SHELL
2
VALENCY 2
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STRUCTURE OF COPPER ATOM
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STRUCTURE OF COPPER ATOMNAME COPPER
SYMBOL Cu
ATOMIC No. 29
MASS No. 64
NUMBER OFPROTONS
29
NUMBER OFNEUTRONS
35
NUMBER OFELECTRONS
29
ELECTRONS INK - SHELL
2
ELECTRONS INL - SHELL8
ELECTRONS INM- SHELL
18
ELECTRONS INN - SHELL
1
VALENCY 1
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