Download - Assimilation Back Stage/Front Stage Causation and Correlation Deviance Ethnocentrism Folkways
Assimilation Back Stage/Front StageCausation and CorrelationDevianceEthnocentrismFolkwaysGemeinschaft/GesselschaftHarry Harlow’s ExperimentIngroup vs outgroupdeJure/defato racismKohlbergLabeingMores
NormOrganic SolidarityPrestigecliQuesRolesSanctionThomas theoremhUnting/gatheringVershehemWealth and Powerkarl marXsYmbolic interactionismZimbardo Prison Experiment
A IS FOR Assimilation
Assimilation is the blending of minority groups into dominant
society. The theories of assimilation include Melting Pot
(many groups in, Americans come out), Mixing Bowl (Become
American, but hold onto traditions), Anglo-conformity
(Everyone conforms to American ways), Accommodation (just put
up with different groups)
B IS FOR Backstage and Front stage
Backstage/Front stage is part of Goffman’s Dramaturgical Approach
which states that life is like a drama and everyone has front
stage and backstage. Front stage is how you manage the impression people have of you. Back stage is more casual and less formal. For instance, while a student might
raise their hand and do their homework for their front stage, they will complain about a class and a teacher while in their back
stage.
C IS FOR Causation and Correlation
Causation is the idea that one event leads to another.
Multiple causation is when several factors combine.
Correlation is the relationship between two different items,
that are related to some extent. For instance, the legalization of abortion decreased crime rates.
D IS FOR Deviance
Deviance is behavior that violates a norm. It depends on the time and
place you live. Society decides what is deviant, and the way society reacts is
more important than the action. There is positive deviance, which is an overconformity to norms, an example is anorexia. There is negative deviance which is a rejection of norms, which is
crime. Benefits of deviance include promoting social change, clarifying
norms, and promoting unity.
E IS FOR Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is thinking that one ethnicity is superior to others. For
instance, ethnic jokes and stereotypes are examples of ethnocentric
behavior. Also, white supremacist organizations such as the Klu Klux Klan
are ethnocentric organizations.
F IS FOR Folkways
Folkways are everyday habits and manners. If you violate a folkway,
you are considered a “slob.” Folkways help people get along. An
example of a folkway is brushing your teeth. If you don’t brush your
teeth, you are considered gross.
G IS FOR Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft
Gemeinschaft is an intimate community, such as a small farming
village with the same ideas and beliefs, where you know everyone.
The Amish are a Gemeinschaft community. Gesselschaft is
impersonal association, where lives are not centered on family, most
time is spent with strangers. American society is generally
gesselschaft.
H IS FOR Harry Harlow’s Experiment
Harry Harlow’s monkey experiment proves that nurture triumphs over nature. Harry Harlow created two
“mother” monkeys, one was rough, but had food, the other was soft and
comforting. The monkeys spent more time with the soft monkey “mother” than the wire monkey
“mother.” The monkeys chose comfort over food.
1950’s
I IS FOR Ingroup versus Outgroup
A group is people who have something in common and believe that the thing they
have in common is significant. Ingroup is people like you, and
an outgroup is people different than you.
J IS FOR de Jure and de facto racism
De Jure racism is discrimination by law. For
instance, in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, the Supreme court ruled that facilities could be separate but equal. De facto racism is racism by practice,
not by law, it is everyday practice of discrimination.
K IS FOR Kohlberg
Kohlberg created moral development sequences. The first is from age 0-6, and
is amoral (no sense of morals). The second is from 7-10 and is
preconventional, where you learn the rules. The third is conventional from
ages ten and older, and where you try to follow society’s norms. The final is Adult,
which is post conventional, where you model right and wrong and question
what if.
L IS FOR Labeling
Labeling can be racial, gender, ethnic, wealth, age, social class, etcetera. It is a self
fulfilling prophecy. You act in a way to fill the label. Sykes and Matza say that people resist labels. For instance, if you label someone as deviant,
they will act more deviant in order to fill that label.
M IS FOR Mores
Mores are norms vital to the well being of society and to
our values. They are universal. For instance, no incest, and
there is very strong punishment if you are caught.
N IS FOR Norms
Norms are specific guidelines for behavior. They describe
what is expected. Norms are often converted into laws. For
instance, you cannot date your sister.
O IS FOR Open Question and Closed Question
Open questions provide a true and honest answer while
revealing attitudes, but they are harder to count and see trends. Closed question has limited answers, is easy to
count, and easy to see trends and patterns. Surveys are very
common forms of questionnaires.
P IS FOR Prestige
Prestige is your social position. It generally comes with respect and
honor. Prestige is valued and honored. Upper class has more
prestige than lower classes. Different presidents can have different levels of respect. For
instance, Abraham Lincoln versus Richard Nixon.
Q IS FOR Quantitative and Qualitative
Quantitative data is data involving numbers. Qualitative data is descriptive. Qualitative data allows for more feeling.
R IS FOR Roles
Roles are expected behaviors that lead to obligations and
privileges. You occupy a status within society and the role you
play depends on the status. Ascribed role is what you are
born with, such as being a woman. Achieved role is a role
you earn, such as CEO.
S IS FOR Sanction
Sanctions are punishments for violating norms or reward for
following them. There are positive, negative, formal, and informal
sanctions. For instance, a positive informal sanction would be “good job.” A negative informal sanction
would be a frown. A positive formal sanction would be honor roll. A negative formal sanction
would be jail time.
T IS FOR Thomas Theorem
“If men define situations as real, they are real in their
consequences”
1928
U IS FOR Hunting and Gathering Society
This society has the most equality. The men hunt, the
women gather. It is a nomadic society. It is the
most simple society.
V IS FOR Verstehen
It is a concept created by Weber. It is a way to
examine society through the use of symbolic
relationships.
W IS FOR Wealth and Power
Wealth is concentrated. The wealthy are getting wealthier, and the poor are getting poorer. The wealthiest
ten percent of Americans own 70% of the nation’s wealth. Power does not necessarily come from wealth. Power can come from knowledge, wisdom, or influence. For instance, Hispanics can swing the vote in the
election.
X IS FOR Karl MarX
Karl Marx created the conflict theory. The conflict theory states that the
key to human history is class conflict between the bourgeoisie (wealthy) and the proletariat (worker). There
are opposing interests, competition, and change. Wealth, prestige, and
privilege lead to power. An example of the conflict theory is race
relations, the dominant race keeps the other races in a subordinate
position
Y IS FOR sYmbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism was created by Cooley and Meade.
Symbols help define yourself and others. It helps to determine
what you “should” and “should not” do. Interactions are based
on mutually understood symbols, such as a flag and cross.
Z IS FOR Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment
Some students participated in the experiment as prison guards,
and some students were the prisoners. Within a few days, the guards became sadistic, and the
prisoners became extremely depressed. Both the prisoners and the guards became deeply
attached to their roles.