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Assessment of Stores for Tobacco and Healthy Foods
OPHA Meeting, October 9, 2012
Scott France – Clackamas County Public Health
Craig Mosbaek – Mosbaek Consulting
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Background
• Funding surprise – more TPEP $$!
• Tobacco use and obesity are the two leading preventable causes of death.
• Tobacco distributed through retail outlets such as convenience stores, groceries, and some specialty stores.
• Most food is purchased from convenience and grocery stores.
• Advertising in stores affects kids, even if they are not making purchases.
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Background
• Large overlap between stores that sell tobacco and stores that sell food
• Efficiency in combining assessments for both tobacco and food
• Cross program collaboration!
• Purpose of study:
– Identify areas for improvement
– Baseline data to measure future changes
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List of Stores
• Identified 275 tobacco outlets in the county
– Synar list for Addictions & Mental Health Division
– WIC - Women, Infant, and Children Program
– SNAP - Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
– Oregon Lottery Commission (“delis”)
– OLCC list of liquor stores
– Internet (corporations, searches)
– Observation
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List of Stores
• Confirmed tobacco sales through phone calls
• 24 groceries did not sell tobacco including:
– Dollar Tree*
– Grocery Outlet Bargain Market
– New Seasons, Trader Joe’s
– Kmart, Target
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Sampling of Stores
• Stores were mapped using GIS – Most stores are in the urbanized areas, close to
Portland
– Much of the land area is rural, 20% of stores
– Most tobacco retailers are located within 1000 feet of a park or school.
• Included almost all stores in outlying areas
• Assured a distribution of store types and store brands
• Assessed 90 of 275 tobacco outlets
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Types of stores assessed
Store type Number
Minimart 54
Large chain grocery 12
Pharmacy 5
Tobacco shop 11
Liquor store 3
Deli-lottery 2
Other 3
TOTAL 90
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Assessment Instrument
• Reviewed previous tobacco and food assessments, including formal studies and volunteer projects
• Pre-tested in five stores, and also made slight modifications during data collection
• 150 data elements
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Assessing Stores
• Conducted between June 4-June 18, 2012
• Letters sent to stores in advance
• Introduced ourselves to store clerk
– Most clerks were helpful with answering questions
• Assessment took an average of 15 minutes
– Most assessments done with two people
• Data entered in Excel and analyzed in SPSS
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10% of stores had a majority of windows covered with advertising
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Other outdoor signs were not very common
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20% of stores had ashtrays within ten feet of a doorway
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Types of tobacco sold by convenience stores
Type of Tobacco
Percentage of Stores
Cigarettes 100%
Chew tobacco 94%
Little cigars 89%
Roll your own 72%
Snus 61%
Cigars 43%
Electronic cigarettes 28%
Pipe tobacco 23%
Strips 2%
Orbs 2%
Sticks (dissolvable) 1%
Shisha for hookahs 0%
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Little cigars are like cigarettes but can be sold as singles and are often flavored
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“Powerwalls” can be found in almost every convenience store
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Well-placed advertising
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Sale prices on two types of nicotine delivery devices
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Summary
• Violations
– Ash trays and smoking near doorways
– “Light” cigarettes
– Self service
• Other areas of concern
– Advertising below 3 feet
– Number of stores close to schools/parks
– Flavored cigars sold as singles
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Food
• Almost all grocery stores had all the fresh produce in our list and many varieties of canned and frozen produce
• Very few convenience stores have scales to weigh bulk produce
• Convenience stores did not have frozen produced, and little canned produce.
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Most common produce in convenience stores were bananas (46%) and apples (35%)
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Small grocery stores can have attractive, effective produce displays
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Low fat milk is hard to find in single serving containers in convenience stores
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Skim (0%) Low fat (1%) Reduced fat (2%) Whole Flavored
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Soda fountains in convenience stores
• What is a small soda? Smallest fountain cup size ranged from 16-32 ounces.
• The number of ounces in the cups was not listed in 40% of stores.
• In one store, you could refill a 100 ounce cup for $1.49.
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Some convenience stores had a special cooler with fresh and often healthier foods
• Many of these coolers were part of Core-Mark’s Fresh Food Fast program
• Sales of Core-Mark’s fresh products increased 28% last year
• Core-Mark delivers fresh products to 30% of the stores they serve
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Advertising of healthy foods is infrequent, even at grocery stores
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Conclusions
• Conducting an assessment of tobacco and food is an efficient use of resources.
• Tobacco is pervasive with many outlets and many types of tobacco being sold.
• Healthy food is growing in convenience stores, but there is a long way to go.
• Advertising is more common for tobacco, beer, energy drinks, and soda than for healthy food
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Contact info
Scott France Clackamas County Public Health (503) 742-5340 [email protected] Craig Mosbaek Mosbaek Consulting (503) 784-0479 [email protected]