Download - Asia-Pacific Consumer Product Safety Symposium Asia-Pacific Consumer Product Safety Symposium
2011. 10. 31
Safety control for furniture in Korea
Asia-Pacific Consumer Product Safety Symposium
1 Needs of safety control for furniture
2 Abroad
3 Korea
4 Emission test method for furniture
5 Results, Direction of development for IAQ
Contents
Needs of Safety Control for furniture
Consumer complain
New furniture consumer - 87.5 % odor complaint
- 43.6 % eye & throat irritation experience
Increased consumer complaint for new furniture
Source: survey report from Consumer Agency (2006)
Main cause of indoor air pollution
High pollutant emissions of furniture in householdsFurniture>Home appliance>Office equipment>Bedding
Wood-based panels are the main source, have continuous emission problems
Source: Press release from Ministry of Environment(2008)
TVOC0
1
2
3
4
5
6
HCHO0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
가구류
가전제품
사무기기
침구류
장난감
Em
issi
on f
act
or
(mg
/unit
·h)
Volatile organic compound (TVOC) Formaldehyde(HCHO)
FurnitureHome applianceOffice equipmentBeddingToys
New furniture release hazardous substances even after one month
AbroadAbroad
2005 2006 2004 2006
Plane
2-dimensional,
3-dimensional
products &
Furniture
Plane
2-dimensional,
3-dimensional
products &
Furniture
Workstationsystem,
Movable walls,Bedding,Seating,Tables,
Workstation components
Workstationsystem,
Movable walls,Bedding,Seating,Tables,
Workstation components
System furnitureSeating
System furnitureSeating
Workstation systems
Seating(office),individual furniture
components
Workstation systems
Seating(office),individual furniture
components
BlueAngel
Greenguard
LEED BIFMA
Small chamber
Large chamber
Small chamber
Large chamberLarge chamber
Large chamber
Small chamber
2004
Building
Materials
(include
wooden
products)
Building
Materials
(include
wooden
products)
Eco-Mark
Small chamber
Dessicator
Nation
Labelingscheme
Scope
(Products)
Scope
(Products)
Test protocol
Europe/JapanEurope/Japan
Substance
Plane two-dimensional products
Furniture and other products with a three-dimensional
surface(24 ± 2) h 28th day (24 ± 2) h 28th day
Formaldehyde - 0.05 ppm - 0.05 ppm
VOCs - 300 ㎍ /㎥ - 600 ㎍ /㎥SVOCs - 100 ㎍ /㎥ - 100 ㎍ /㎥CMT
Substance < 1 ㎍ /㎥ < 1 ㎍ /㎥ < 1 ㎍ /㎥ < 1 ㎍ /㎥
Blue Angel (RAL-UZ 38)/Ger-many
Eco Mark (Furniture)/Japan
Wooden materials used for indoor furniture shall not emit formaldehyde Formaldehyde emission criteria : F****(JIS and JAS)
SubstanceTest
methodCertification Criteria
Desiccator method JIS A 1460 Average : 0.3 mg/L, Maximum : 0.4 mg/L
Small chamber method JIS A 1901 5 ㎍ /(㎡ h)
U.S.A.U.S.A.
SubstanceWorkstations, Movable
Walls,Casegood Systems
Seating, Individual Casegoods,
Tables, Workstation Components
Individual VOCs 0.1TLV 0.1TLV
Formaldehyde 0.05 ppm 0.025 ppm
4-PhenylcycloHexene 0.0065 mg/m3 0.0033 mg/m3
Styrene 0.07 mg/m3 0.035 mg/m3
Total VOCs 0.5 mg/m3 0.25 mg/m3
Total Aldehtdes 0.1 ppm 0.05 ppm
Respirable Particles 0.05 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3
Greenguard Indoor Air Quality Product Certification
All products are required to meet the criteria at 168 hours (7th day)
Office Modeling : Room Volume(32 m3), Air Change Rate(0.72 hr-1)
LEED CI 2009(EQ Credit 4.5) criteria
ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2011 (add a new technique in revision)
→ Furniture product evaluation with small chamber method by direct scaling
KOREAKOREA
`
Ministry of Knowledge Economy : Product Safety Certification - Small chamber method : TVOC, Toluene, HCHO - Desiccator method : Formaldehyde
Ministry of Environment(Evaluation criteria for furniture) - Large chamber method : TVOC, HCHO - Recommend, eco-grade criteria : 14 days emission rate
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs(MLTM)- Housing Performance Grading Indication System- IAQ : Application of Low-Emission Products(4 grades)- Construction materials, Furniture
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs(MLTM)- Clean Healthy House Construction Standards- Housing Performance Grading Indication System (first grade)
MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy)MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy)
Safety/Quality Labelling System(Furniture)
Scope : All furniture in home, office, school(table, chair, cabinet, bed, sofa, kitchen..)
Safety Standards : Table 1 or Table 2
Test Item Permissible Limit value Test method
Formaldehyde (mg/L) ≤ 1.5 (Average value)Desiccator
method
Test Item Permissible Limit value Test method
HCHO (mg/m2·h) ≤ 0.12Small chamber
methodToluene (mg/m2·h) ≤ 0.08
TVOC (mg/m2·h) ≤ 4.0
Test method : KS M 1998 (Determination of the emission rate of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in building interior products)Sampling(Small chamber method) : 7 days(168 h ± 2 h) from t0
< Table 1 >
< Table 2 >
ME (Ministry of Environment)ME (Ministry of Environment)
Evaluation criteria for furniture(2010.09)
※ Large chamber method : emission factor at 14 days
※ Test Products : 53 (bookcase, desk, sofa, table, chair etc)
SubstanceEmission rate, mg/(unit·h)
Recommend Eco-grade
TVOC 5.60 1.10
Toluene 3.60 0.70
Formalde-hyde
1.40 0.30
No.
Emission frequency( 회 ) Emission rate(mg/unit·h)
SubstanceFre-
quencySubstance
Emission rate
1 Formaldehyde 53 Toluene 0.64
2 Toluene 52Formalde-
hyde0.58
3Acetone/Acetalde-
hyde51 Acetone 0.17
4m,p-xylene/Ethyl-
bezene47 Alpha-Pinene 0.09
Source: Press release from Ministry of Environment(2010.09)
※ This guideline is established to meet each half value of “Indoor air quality management
standard”
and “WHO guideline”, by estimated building concentration from product emission factor
with model room(40 m3, 0.7 h-1) in KS I 2007.
MTLM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs)MTLM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs)
TVOC HCHOTest
chamber Test method
Emission rate(t =7days)
Finishing materials (5)
Adhesives (5)Interior materials (2)
< 0.10 mg/(m2·h)
< 0.015 mg/(m2·h)
Small cham-ber
KS M 1998KS M ISO 16000-1
ME 2010-24
Built-in furniture (3) < 0.25 mg/m3 < 0.03 mg/m3Large
chamber
KS I 2007ASTM D 6670
Greenguard P066
※ The largest footprint finishes in applied material at least 30% on surface, shall be used.
Wardrobe(0.5)
Bedroom(0.5)Shoe rack(0.5)
Porch(0.5)
Cabinet(0.5)
Living room(0.5)
Wardrobe(0.5)
Kitchen(1.0)Kitchen furniture(1.0)
Bedroom(0.5)
Walls(2.0), Ceiling(1.0), Floor(2.0)
Interior finishes(5.0)
Walls(2.0), Ceiling(1.0), Floor(2.0)
Adhesives(5.0)
Walls(1.0), Ceiling(0.5), Floor(0.5)
Other than interior finishes(2.0)
주침실
LivingRoom
MainBedroom
Housing Performance Grading Indication System : first grade
Test method : KS I 2007, ASTM D 6670, JIS A 1911/1912, GGTM.P066
Test Method
PB + LPM
Door
PB + PVC + EVA
Body
HDF + PVC + EVA
Back plate
component
24 m3 chamber 1 m3 chamber 20 L chamber
Whole-piece test Component test KS M 1998
surface
Component test
Specimen sampling(surface to edge ratio)
surface+edges
Seal cutting surface
KS M 1998 Small chamber method
RAL-UZ 38Consider the exposed surface,
seal cutting surfaces
KS M 1998Desiccator Method
Specimen sampling(surface + cutting edge)
surface+edges
Test protocol - DesiccatorTest protocol - Desiccator
KS M 1998, ISO 12460-4, JIS A 1460
- Pre conditioning : for constant mass, sustain samples at (20 ± 2) ℃, (65 ± 5) %
- Desiccator test : 2 sets of desiccators, specimens installed , keep at 20 ℃ during 24 hours
- Analysis : Treat water sample in each desiccators for absorbing HCHO by acetylacetone method
& analyze the concentration with the UV/vis spectrophotometer.
Test procedure
- Formaldehyde emission test for wood-based panels(MDF, PB, Plywood) & construction materials.
- Test for evaluation the grade(E0, E1, E2) how much the products content formaldehyde.
- Maximum emission mass because of enlarged cutting surfaces in specimen, not in final product.
- No functional relations with indoor air concentration affected in real product.
(especially, different test condition – temp., humidity and isolated chamber)
specimen numberas surface area
keep in chamberfor constant mass
installation specimenwith water
keep in 20℃, 24 h(2 desiccators)
instrument analysis
after reaction
AnalysisSamplingTest ConditionSpecimen install.
Test protocol – small chamberTest protocol – small chamber
KS M 1998, ME2010-24Building materials(Korea)
RAL-UZ 38 Wooden products(Blue Angel, Germany)
SpecimenTemp. & HumidityACH & Test period
Target Compounds
Surface only, (0.4 ~ 2.0) m2/m3
(25 ± 1) ℃, (50 ± 5) %0.5 h-1, 7 days
TVOC, Toluene, Formaldehyde
Surface + narrow surface, 1.0 m2/m3
(23 ± 1) ℃, (45 ± 5) %1.0 h-1, 28 daysTVOC, SVOCs, CMTs, Formaldehyde
- Test for the emission rate of indoor air contaminants from the test specimen.- Between building products and furniture, different specimen installation in chamber for each surfaces.- In RAL-UZ 38 & BIFMA M7.1, small chamber results make use of the tool to evaluate the furniture.
AnalysisSamplingTest conditionProduct installation
Test method for furniture
○ KS I 2007 (Korea)
○ Greenguard Test Method P066, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1 (USA)
○ RAL-UZ 38 (Germany)
Test protocol – large chamberTest protocol – large chamber
Chamber Concentration(mg/m3)
Product Emission Factor(mg/(unit·h))
Indoor Concentration(mg/m3)
ModelRoom
Predictable
TestCondition
Indoor Guideline(REL)(mg/m3)
- Emission factor at time t, make use of predicted exposure concentration by model room.
Results, Direction of Development for IAQResults, Direction of Development for IAQ
For improve IAQ
ContaminantsEmission
Good IAQ
Clean IAQ
PollutantsReduction
Ventilation to improveindoor air quality
IAQ improvement & occupants’ safety
Normal furnishing Eco-friendly material Reduced functional materials
Source test to minimize
Poor IAQ
Evaluation of the productWHO Guideline
Materials Management Healthy IAQ Products Management
ContaminantsEmission
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