Artificial Artificial intelligenceintelligenceand robotsand robots
Jacek MalecJacek Malec
AI@CSAI@CS
Department of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer Science
Lund UniversityLund University
[email protected]@cs.lth.se
Plan for todayPlan for today
Beginning of roboticsBeginning of robotics Beginning of AIBeginning of AI ProblemsProblems SolutionsSolutions Revival of intelligent roboticsRevival of intelligent robotics RoboCupRoboCup Other initiativesOther initiatives
Beginning of roboticsBeginning of robotics
Rossum Universal Robots (RUR): Rossum Universal Robots (RUR): Karel CapekKarel Capek
Cybernetics: Norbert WienerCybernetics: Norbert Wiener Turtles: Grey WaltersTurtles: Grey Walters
AutonomyAutonomy
Beginning of AIBeginning of AI
Dartmouth Dartmouth 19561956
SensingSensing
ThinkingThinking
ActingActing SRI Shakey SRI Shakey
19691969 Lots of othersLots of others
Flakey, SRIFlakey, SRI
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Why don’t we build Why don’t we build ”real” robots?”real” robots?
MechanicsMechanics SensingSensing Control and Control and
actuationactuation IntelligenceIntelligence
SolutionsSolutions
Distribution of tasks Distribution of tasks Layered, hierarchical control Layered, hierarchical control Hybrid nature of control Hybrid nature of control Faster computers Faster computers Anytime algorithms (better to do anything than Anytime algorithms (better to do anything than
to do nothing) to do nothing) Reasoning needs not to be perfect Reasoning needs not to be perfect
Kismet - emotionsKismet - emotions
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Kismet - emotional Kismet - emotional expressionsexpressions
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What is artificial What is artificial intelligenceintelligence
Models of human intelligence Models of human intelligence Artificial intelligent creaturesArtificial intelligent creatures
Robocup - robot footballRobocup - robot football
Humanoids play football Humanoids play football as wellas well
Aibo play footballAibo play football
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RoboCupRoboCup FOOTBALLFOOTBALL SimulationSimulation Small sizeSmall size Medium sizeMedium size HumanoidHumanoid Four-leggedFour-legged
HumanoidHumanoid RC JuniorRC Junior
RESCUERESCUE
SimulationSimulation
RobotsRobots
Other contests: Other contests: FIRAFIRA
More RoboCupMore RoboCup
More humanoidsMore humanoids
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ProblemsProblems
Kids easily learn to Kids easily learn to see or to gosee or to go
Kids learn abstract Kids learn abstract ideas much later ideas much later (playing chess, (playing chess, using a map, …)using a map, …)
Robots (computers) Robots (computers) have no problems have no problems with the latter …with the latter …
Seeing is hardSeeing is hard
Find five positions Find five positions on the fieldon the field
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What do I really What do I really see?see?
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Seeing is hard, part 2Seeing is hard, part 2
Find the b/w ball Find the b/w ball and score a goaland score a goal
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Can AI exist at all?Can AI exist at all?
Can intelligence be Can intelligence be artificial?artificial? The Chinese room The Chinese room
argumentargument Can life be Can life be
artificial?artificial? At least there are At least there are
people claiming they people claiming they do research on that do research on that topic!topic!
Rodney BrooksRodney BrooksMIT AI MIT AI
LaboratoryLaboratoryRoughly every fifty years humanity Roughly every fifty years humanity solves a great mystery of science. We solves a great mystery of science. We have a chance to solve such a have a chance to solve such a mystery now:mystery now:
How does the human mind How does the human mind
work? work? There are many corollary questions:There are many corollary questions:
Brooks’ questions:Brooks’ questions:
Where does the Where does the mind reside?mind reside?
What is the nature What is the nature of memory?of memory?
What are the roles What are the roles of emotions?of emotions?
What sort of What sort of representations representations does the brain does the brain use?use?
What does our What does our
visual system visual system
compute?compute?
How did evolution How did evolution
shape us?shape us?
How do we learn?How do we learn?
What is What is
consciousness?consciousness?
Keys to intelligence:Keys to intelligence:
self-adapting perceptual systems, motor self-adapting perceptual systems, motor
systems and language-related modules systems and language-related modules
(in contrast to reasoning, planning and (in contrast to reasoning, planning and
knowledge representation)knowledge representation)
What is intelligence?What is intelligence?
Can an ant colony be Can an ant colony be intelligent?intelligent?
Warrior antsWarrior ants > 500 000 > 500 000
ants/colonyants/colony Temperature controlTemperature control Raids with 200 000 Raids with 200 000
workersworkers Less than 100 000 Less than 100 000
neurons!neurons!
Collective intelligenceCollective intelligence
A single ant is not A single ant is not intelligent intelligent
A system: more than A system: more than sum of its parts sum of its parts
How about brain? How about brain? How about artificial How about artificial
systems? systems? Have we chosen the Have we chosen the
wrong way? wrong way?
Chaos and intelligenceChaos and intelligence
Ant colonies are Ant colonies are slightly chaoticslightly chaotic
Does intelligence Does intelligence require chaos?require chaos? Creativity involves Creativity involves
randomnessrandomness A chaotic mind in a A chaotic mind in a
stable world?stable world? Can we manage in Can we manage in
chaotic world?chaotic world?
Low-cost roboticsLow-cost robotics
Multitude of cheap platforms Multitude of cheap platforms Possibility to work with groups of robotsPossibility to work with groups of robots RoboCup RoboCup LEGO technology LEGO technology BASIC-stamp-based systems BASIC-stamp-based systems ......