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Arthro means jointPoda means foot
“joint-foot”
By: Holly Kwikkel and Brandon Steggall
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Habitat
Can Live In:• Deserts• Caves• Streams• Inside plants• Inside animals• Seas• Freshwater• On land
Can not live in:• EXTREMELY cold
conditions
SeaDesert
Extremely COLD
conditions
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Importance to Humans
Assist in:• Nutrient recycling• Producing silk,
waxes, dyes, and honey
• Pollinate our crops• Eat many harmful
insects
CLICK TO PLAY THIS VIDEO
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Uniqueness
• Some types of insects don’t even contain a male species.
• Arthropods make up ¾ of all animal
Species.
• They can walk, crawl, climb, hop, fly, glide, swim, skate, and dive. Almost every type
of locomotion imaginable.
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How do they support their shape?
• They are surrounded by a segmented body enclosed in a tough, jointed external skeleton called the “exoskeleton.”
• The exoskeleton is made of chitin and sclerotin.• It provides placesfor muscle attatchment
CLICK TO PLAY THIS VIDEO
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Advantages & Disadvantages of the Exoskeleton
ADVANTAGES• It supports their
body.• It protects them
against predators.• It is water tight
which keeps arthropods from drying out.
DISADVANTAGES• Since it is hard,
they grow bigger so the shell no longer fits.
• Because of this, they have to go through molting.
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How do they breath?
• Aquatic species breath through gills• Insects consist of a series of open tubes
called TRACHEAE. • Gases diffuse through the tracheae.• Tracheae run through the body and open
at the surface through holes called spiracles.
SPIRACLES
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Reproduction
• Some eggs develop internally and the young are born alive.
• Insect eggs ordinarily develop only if they have been fertilized but some undergo parthenogenesis which means they develop without fertilization.
• Metamorphosis is the process in which they reproduce.
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Example: Life cycle of a butterfly
Larva
Pupa
Adult Butterfly
Eggs
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The Nervous System
• It consists of a ganglion called the brain located in the head
• A pair of connectives pass around the alimentary canal and a ventral nerve cord
• Nerves extend from the brain and nerve cord to various parts of the body
• Organs of taste and smell are located on the mouth parts, antennae, and feet
• Special hairs are sensitive to sound waves
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The Circulatory System
• They have an open circulatory system• A well developed heart pumps blood
through arteries into small vessels from which it flows into spaces called sinuses.
• The muscles slosh the blood to bathe the body tissue
• Eventually, the blood collects in a large sinus surrounding the heart
• It goes in the heart and starts over again
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The Excretory System
• Consists of a number of tubes (malpighian tubules) that empty into the alimentary tract.
• Wastes from the blood enter these tubes and pass into the alimentary track and to the outside by the way of the anus.
• Aquatic arthropods excrete nitrogenous gas wastes by allowing ammonia to diffuse across gill surfaces.
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Digestive System• They have a
complete digestive system.
• An insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes.
Click on me to learn more about the Digestive system!!
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Examples
• Spiders• Scorpions• Centipedes• Lobsters• Crabs• Snow bugs• Shrimp• Millipedes
• Mites• Horse crabs• Bees• Dragonflies• Beetles• Bugs• Grasshoppers• Flies
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Classes of Arthropods
• Chelicerates– Spiders, ticks,
scorpions, mites– They have 6 pairs
of jointed appendages
• Crustaceans– Lobsters, crabs,
snow bugs, shrimp– They have 10 pairs
of jointed appendages
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More Classes
• Uniramians– Centipedes,
millipedes– They have more
than 6 jointed appendages
• Insects– Beetles,
grasshoppers, flies– Springtails at
densities as high 100,000,000 per square meter in the ordinary farm soil of Iowa U.S.A.
Imagine millions of these in the ground!!
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Works Cited• Arnett, H. Ross. “Insect classification and systematics.”
American Insects. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., 1985. 10-13.
• “Arthropods.” Kidport Reference Library: Science. 1998-2007. Kidport. 31April 2008. www.kidport.com/reflib/science/animals/arthropds.htm
• Borror, J. Donald, and Richard E. White. Insects. Boston, Massachsetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1970.
• Carter, J. Stein. “Biology at University of Cincinnati Clermont College.” Clermont College. 9 October 2006. University of Cincinnati. 31 April 2008. www.biology.clc.uc.edu/
• Klots, B. Alexander, and Elsie B. Klots. Living Insects of the World. New York, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1975.
• Levine, Joseph, and Kenneth R. Miller. “Animals: Invertebrates.” Biology the Living Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998. 447-453.
• Rowland-Entwistle. The World You Never See: Insect Life. United States: Rand McNally & Company, 1976.