Download - Argumentation frameworks
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A model for a motivationalsystem grounded on value
based abstractargumentation frameworks
Eugenio Di TullioUniversity of Bari
Italy
Floriana Grasso
University of Liverool
U!
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T"e roblem
• Digital interventions to romote "ealt"ylifestyles
• #ore successful if grounded in robustbe"avioural t"eory – $ariety of tec"ni%ues to imact di&erent stages
of t"e lanning rocess
– Use of di&erent styles of interaction
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'ew insig"ts from recent researc" areas inAI( – )ersuasion tec"nology
– Argumentation T"eory
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Argument * +omutation
• ,ver t"e last decade a core and autonomousdisciline wit"in AI- as oosed to ermeating
reasoning researc"
– Em"asis on w"at ersuades- not roofs
– .yot"esis t"at t"e e/tent of accetance issub0ective- deending on t"e view of t"e audience
• +rucial asect wit"in ractical reasoning- asoosed to t"eoretical reasoning
– )resumtive sc"emata
– Embraced by recent researc" in #ultiAgent1ystems
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Alication areas
• #ulti2agent dialogue interactions – E3g3 negotiation scenarios
• Legal reasoning
– E3g3 tools to model and suort case2based
reasoning
• .ealt"care advice
– E3g3 c"anging attitudes to "ealt"y eating
• #edical treatment
– E3g3 automated argument over organ translants
• Finance
– E3g3 automated stock market e/c"anges4contract
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Directions ofresearc"• Abstract argument systems( formal
e/loitation of simle notions of 5attack6and 5defense63
•
Logics for argumentation( formal modelsfor automated reasoning3
• Dialogue rotocols( em"asis on t"e rulest"at s"ould govern t"e argumentation
rocess and t"e articiants to it3• Argument sc"emes( stereotyical atterns
for resumtive reasoning- fallacies3
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AbstractArgumentationAn argumentationframework 7AF8 is aair
F 9 7A- :8 w"ere
A is a set of arguments: ; A < A is a relationreresenting 5attacks6or 5defeats63
Di&erent semantics toestablis" w"ic"arguments are 5in6and w"ic" are 5out63
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Transt"eoretical model ofc"ange
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#otivationaldialogues• A subclass of argumentative
dialogues
• #ain feature( a discussion around a
be"aviour- and t"e considerations ofros and cons of suc" be"aviour – +an=t be based on 5facts6 only
–.ig"ly entrenc"ed in t"e 5value system6of t"e arties engaging in t"e discussion
– T"ere is no rig"t or wrong answer >t"ings c"ange w"en ersectivesc"ange
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E/amle
A?( @ou s"ould e/ercise twice a week because itimroves your "ealt"3
B( "y is it good for my "ealt"C
A( Because e/ercise imroves your stamina3
B( But t"en I mig"t as well go to work by bike3A( 'o- e/ercising is better for your "ealt"3
B( But e/ercise is boring3
AH( "at is more imortant( your "ealt" or "aving
funCB( I Jnd my "ealt" is more imortant3 I guess Is"ould e/ercise3
7from van der eide et al K?K 5)ractical :easoning Using $alues68
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)ractical :easoning on$alues and )ersectives
• $alues( “desirable trans-situational goals,varying in importance, that serve as guiding principles in the life of a person or other socialentity”
1c"wart-1- Advances in e/erimental social syc"ology 7?MM8
• $alue Based Argumentation Framework 7$AF87Benc"2+aon et al- Argumentation :esearc" Grou- University of Liverool8
– Tule
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• $alues are discussed in terms of w"atcondition romotes or demotes t"em – E3g3 treating eole t"e same romotes t"e
value of e%uality- e/ercising romotes t"e value
of being "ealt"y
• +onditions and values can be romoted indegrees – 'ot e/ercising is not "ealt"y- e/ercising once a
mont" is "ealt"ier- once a week is "ealt"ier still
• )ersective( reorder on states reresentinga 5toic6 for discussion 7e3g3 "ealt"- fun8
)ractical :easoning on$alues and )ersectives 2ctd
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•
)ersectives can ositively ornegatively inOuence ot"er ersectivesforming c"ains – 7E3g3 "ealt" ositively inOuence wellbeing8
)ractical :easoning on$alues and )ersectives 2ctd
• "en an agent "as a 5reference6 over a
ersective- t"is ersective becomes a 5value6 – used as a 5guiding rincile6 by t"e agent
– agent will try to reac" as state ma/imally referredfrom t"at ersective
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E/amle
7from van der eide et al K?K 5)ractical :easoning Using $alues68
.ealt"- Fun and+onformityersectives are alsovalues
E/erciseersective isnot a value- butinOuencesvalues
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#otivational 1ystem
• Ultimate aim( – Build an environment for digital
interventions- based on motivational
dialogues – Aut"oring tools for creating user
roJling- communicationlans4strategies- styles of interaction
– #obile tec"nology to ac%uire user=sreferences and lifestyles
– +entred around t"e notion of 5$alue
1ystem6
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)rototye imlementation
• A rototye built on to of Asic7Argumentation 1ervice )latform wit"Integrated +omonents 2 F) 2 ,ensource8 – A latform to manage argumentation dialogues- w"ic"
also rovides services like reasoning- decision2making-learning3
• +oncentrates on t"e managing of t"e valuesystem and t"e ractical reasoning on
ersectives – Left aside( user=s roJling and be"avioural strategy
imlementation
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1ystem arc"itecture
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$alue 1ystem ,ntology
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#anaging values
• Two value systems are maintained – For t"e user and for 5t"e system6
– Tyical for dialogue systems reresenting 5mutual6beliefs
• Interaction driven by a lan or 5strategy6 basedon t"e user=s be"avioural roJling 7e3g3
Transt"eoretical model8
– E3g3 toic of discussion based on t"e stage of c"ange
• 1ystem attemts to 5utilise6 user=s own beliefsand value system to ma/imise motivationimact
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E/amle
• T"e system contains t"e states(?3 Eating 0unk food less t"an times a mont"N
3 Eating 0unk food between and times a mont"N
3 Eating 0unk food more t"an times a mont"
• And t"e ersectives to evaluate t"estates are .ealt"y eatingN FitnessN.ealt"N 1ocial life
• Initial value systems are(
E l ti f
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Evaluation of Transition A
• 1ystem attemts to make user5aware6 of inOuences w"ic" could
imact t"e evaluation of transition A
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'ew evaluation of A
'ew connections
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1creens"ot
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+onclusions
• )reliminary work towards an argumentationbased motivational system
• Attemt to combine insig"ts fromargumentation t"eory and be"avioural
t"eories
• 1till rototyical( need to include morereliable user model and full blowncommunication strategies
• Ad"erence to standards 7e3g3 Asic8 looksbeneJcial in terms of cross2discilineevaluation