Areas of Focus within The Soil Science and Ice Ages Unit: Importance of Soil, Weathering, Types of Mechanical Weathering, Types of Chemical Weathering, Surface Area and Weathering, Mass Movement of Earthen Materials, Soil, Soil Color, Particle Size, Soil Porosity and Permeability, Soil Horizons, Soil Conservation, The Dust Bowl, Erosion, Deposition, Soil Conservation Measures, Glaciers, Types of Glaciers, Ice Ages, Causes of Ice Ages, Paleoecology, Glacial Landforms.
Full Unit at… http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
• This PowerPoint is one small part of my Weathering, Soil Science, Soil Conservation, Ice Ages, and Glaciers Unit.
• A Four Part 2,500+ Slide PowerPoint full of engaging activities, critical class notes, review opportunities, question, answers, follow along worksheets, games, and much more.
• 12 Page bundled homework that chronologically follows the slideshow for nightly review. Modified version provided as well as answer keys.
• 11 pages of unit notes with visuals for students and support professionals
• 3 PowerPoint Review Games with Answer Keys• Rubrics, videos, templates, materials list, First Day
PowerPoint, guide, and much more.
• http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-Please make notes legible and use indentations when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn.
Ice Wedging
Mechanical Weathering
Please label
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”“Good Luck!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Topics addressed in this Unit Part II
NGSS Standards HS Part III
Additional Standards Addressed Part III
New Area of Focus: Soil
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• What is the connection between weathering and soil?
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• Weathering is the process that will, overtime,
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• Weathering is the process that will, overtime, create soil.
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• Soil Science Available Sheet that follows slideshow.
• Soil Science Available Sheet that follows slideshow.
• Activity! Defining Soil.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Defining Soil.–Please examine a sample of soil and
record what you find in your journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Defining Soil.–Please examine a sample of soil and
record what you find in your journal. –Please work in a tray and keep your table
clean.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Fungal Filaments in the soil (Electron Microscope)
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• Head of a Nematode (roundworms) Trillions are in the soil of your backyard.
• Microscopic Soil Mite
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• All sorts of important micro-organisms.
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• All sorts of important micro-organisms.
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• All sorts of important micro-organisms.
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• All sorts of important micro-organisms.
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• Hummus:
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• Hummus: A Middle Eastern and Arabic food dip or spread made from cooked and mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, and olive oil.
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• Humus:
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• Humus:
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• Humus: The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
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• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
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• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
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Unhealthy soil =
• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
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Unhealthy soil =
No Plants
• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
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Unhealthy soil =
No PlantsNo Plants =
• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Unhealthy soil =
No PlantsNo Plants =
• Without these organisms and organic matter plants would not grow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Unhealthy soil =
No PlantsNo Plants =Well written description of how important soil is… http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/livinglandscapes/soils/important.asp
Soil is---
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
A mixture of weathered rock and decaying organic material.
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Plants, animals, fungus, bacteria…
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Plants, animals, fungus, bacteria…
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The water and airon planet earth flows
through the soil
Dirt is…--
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Mainly mineral based.
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Pebbles and finely ground rock.
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Dirt is generally dead, soil is living.
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• What does healthy soil look like?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
What is the best Hue Value / Chroma of this soil sample?
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
What is the best Hue Value / Chroma of this soil sample?
A
B
CD
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
• D?
What is the best Hue Value / Chroma of this soil sample?
A
B
CD
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
What is the best Hue Value / Chroma of this soil sample?
AB
C
D
• Color is very important to a soil scientist. – Color helps to tell what the soil is made of and
therefore its health.• Hue: The specific color• Value: the lightness or
darkness of color• Chroma the light intensity• Written: Hue Value / Chroma
• 4 YR 6/3
What is the best Hue Value / Chroma of this soil sample?
Maybe D?
AB
C
D
If soil is black Lots of organic matter (carbon).May be poorly drained.Usually fertile.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is black Lots of organic matter (carbon).May be poorly drained.Usually fertile.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is black Lots of organic matter (carbon).May be poorly drained.Usually fertile.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is black Lots of organic matter (carbon).May be poorly drained.Usually fertile.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Black Soil(Lots of Organics)
Black Soil(Lots of Organics)
Brown Soil
If soil is brown Lots of sand and clayWell drainedGood soil
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is brown Lots of sand and clayWell drainedGood soil
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is brown Lots of sand and clayWell drainedGood soil
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is brown Lots of sand and clayWell drainedGood soil
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
If soil is brown Lots of sand and clayWell drainedGood soil
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Photo from Mars
Photo from Mars
Photo from Mars
Photo from Mars
Photo from Mars
Very light browns, whites, orange, red, yellow.Many compounds present, Iron,
Manganese, Sulfur.High in salt.Not as healthy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very light browns, whites, orange, red, yellow.Many compounds present, Iron,
Manganese, Sulfur.High in salt.Not as healthy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very light browns, whites, orange, red, yellow.Many compounds present, Iron,
Manganese, Sulfur.High in salt.Not as healthy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very light browns, whites, orange, red, yellow.Many compounds present, Iron,
Manganese, Sulfur.High in salt.Not as healthy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very light browns, whites, orange, red, yellow.Many compounds present, Iron,
Manganese, Sulfur.High in salt.Not as healthy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Iron turns rust color when it mixes with oxygen (oxidation in Australia)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Identifying soil based on color– Observe each sample.– Create a smear on journal.– Describe the color of the smear and make an
inference into the health of the soil.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity: – Three students to stand in front of the boxes
below. – One will move on, two will have to sit down.
Who will survive?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Who survives?
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Who survives?
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Who survives?
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
This square is empty.
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• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
It was
Actually full
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants the best?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The surviving student can choose to move to a different box or stay in the same box.
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Student Needed
New Student Needed
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Last One
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which soil sample below will grow plants better?
Sample A Sample B Sample C
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Learn more about soil color and much more at… http://soils.missouri.edu/tutorial/page7.asp
New Area of Focus: Particle SizeThe type of soil depends upon the size
of it’s particles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Area of Focus: Particle SizeThe type of soil depends upon the size
of its particles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why learn about particle size? Seriously!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• This large cobble would not be good to make a smooth road.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• This gravel is to coarse to build an earthen dam.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The type of particles determine the type of sand paper.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Coarse gravel and cobble are a much better material than clay for drainage.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which is a good particle size for a bunker at a golf course? Gravel or Sand
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which is a good particle size for a bunker at a golf course? Sand
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The combinations of particle size can determine how well plants will grow in soil.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Or increase traction on ice.
• Understanding particle size is very important as we rely on earthen materials everyday.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Soil Science Available Sheet that follows slideshow.
Particle Size (Small to Large)
Full Page Needed
Boulder 25+ cm
Boulder 25+ cm
Cobble 6-25 cm
Boulder 25+ cm
Cobble 6-25 cm
Boulder 25+ cm
Cobble 6-25 cm
Boulder 25+ cm
Cobble 6-25 cm
Boulder 25+ cm
Cobble 6-25 cm
Silt
SiltClay
SiltClayDust
• Boulder – Largest (Greater than 25 cm)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Cobble (6-25 cm)
• Gravel (2cm-7.5cm)
• Which one has the larger particle size?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
A B
• Which one has the larger particle size?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
A BGravel
• Which one has the larger particle size?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
A BGravel
(2-7.5 cm)
• Spectrum of gravel– Very Coarse Gravel larger than 1.25-2 inches
(32-64mm).– Coarse Gravel 16-32 mm– Medium Gravel 8-16mm– Fine Gravel 4-8 mm– Very Fine Gravel 2-4mm
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Coarse Sand (2mm)
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• Sand (2mm - .125mm)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Fine Sand
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Very Fine Sand
• Silt (.05 mm - .002mm)
• Clay (less than .002mm)
• Dust – (Into micrometers)
Areas of Focus within The Soil Science and Ice Ages Unit: Importance of Soil, Weathering, Types of Mechanical Weathering, Types of Chemical Weathering, Surface Area and Weathering, Mass Movement of Earthen Materials, Soil, Soil Color, Particle Size, Soil Porosity and Permeability, Soil Horizons, Soil Conservation, The Dust Bowl, Erosion, Deposition, Soil Conservation Measures, Glaciers, Types of Glaciers, Ice Ages, Causes of Ice Ages, Paleoecology, Glacial Landforms.
Full Unit at… http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
• This PowerPoint is one small part of my Weathering, Soil Science, Soil Conservation, Ice Ages, and Glaciers Unit.
• A Four Part 2,500+ Slide PowerPoint full of engaging activities, critical class notes, review opportunities, question, answers, follow along worksheets, games, and much more.
• 12 Page bundled homework that chronologically follows the slideshow for nightly review. Modified version provided as well as answer keys.
• 11 pages of unit notes with visuals for students and support professionals
• 3 PowerPoint Review Games with Answer Keys• Rubrics, videos, templates, materials list, First Day
PowerPoint, guide, and much more.
• http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
• Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum– These units take me about four years to complete
with my students in grades 5-10.
Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html
Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html
Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html
Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html
= Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult
5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade
Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.html
Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html
Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html
Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html
Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html
Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html
Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html
Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html
Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm
Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html
• The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum.
Sincerely,
Ryan Murphy M.Ed
Website Link: http://sciencepowerpoint.com/index.html