Download - Apprenticeship Patterns
APPRENTICESHIP PATTERNS(guidance for the aspiring software craftsman)
APPRENTICESHIP PATTERNS(guidance for the aspiring software craftsman)
3 key things
to introduce
before the patterns
1. What means to be ‘aspiring’?
2. What is ‘Software
Craftsmanship’?
3. What is ‘Apprenticeship’?
aspiring verb [ intrans. ]
direct one's hopes or ambitions toward achieving something
aspiring verb [ intrans. ]
direct one's hopes or ambitions toward achieving something
e.g. to become a master of software craftsmanship
a community1 of practice united and defined by overlapping values2
2. some of the key values are introduced on the next series of slides →
1. doesn’t exclude those people who feel that there’s something valuable in the attempt to build a discipline of software engineering
GROWTH MINDSET
This entails a belief that you can be better and everything can be improved if you’re prepared to work at it.
A need to always be adapting and changing based on the feedback you get from the world around you.
Atul Gawande refers to this as a willingness to “recognize the inadequacies in what you do and to seek out solutions” (Better, p. 257).
PRAGMATISM OVER DOGMAS
This involves a willingness to trade off theoretical purity or future perfection in favor of getting things done today.
Julian Rotter
LOCUS OF CONTROLINTERNAL EXTERNAL
I control the consequences of my behavior
The consequences of my behavior are outside my control
This involves taking control of and responsibility for our destinies rather than just waiting for someone else to give us the answers.
•“things happen to me”
•“why bother?”
•“There is nothing I can do about my future”
“I make things
happen.”
“I can determine my future.”
“look what I
can do!”
skill-centric rather than process-centric
For us, it is more important to be highly skilled than to be using the “right” process.
This idea suggests that no process or tool is going to make everyone equally successful. Even though we can all improve, there will always be discrepancies in our skill levels.
Situated Learning
Its essence is that the best way to learn is to be in the same room with people who are trying to achieve some goal using the skills you wish to learn.
“What makes a life worth living?”*
* Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi asks this. Noting that money cannot make us happy, he looks to those who find pleasure and lasting satisfaction in activities that bring about a state of "flow."
CHAL
LEN
GE
SKILLS
Apathy
Worry
Boredom
Arousal
Control
FLOWAnxiety
Relaxation
UNDERSTANDING FLOW1. intense and focused
concentration on the present moment
2. merging of action and awareness
3. a loss of reflective self-consciousness
4.a sense of personal control or agency over the situation or activity
5. a distortion of temporal experience, one's subjective experience of time is altered
6.experience of the activity as intrinsically rewarding, also referred to as autotelic experience
CHAL
LEN
GE
SKILLS
Apathy
Worry
Boredom
Arousal
Control
FLOWAnxiety
Relaxation
UNDERSTANDING FLOW1. intense and focused
concentration on the present moment
2. merging of action and awareness
3. a loss of reflective self-consciousness
4.a sense of personal control or agency over the situation or activity
5. a distortion of temporal experience, one's subjective experience of time is altered
6.experience of the activity as intrinsically rewarding, also referred to as autotelic experience
The winding curve of learning
LET’S LEARN ABOUT LEARNING&
examine some apprenticeship patterns →
LET’S LEARN ABOUT LEARNING&
examine some apprenticeship patterns →
focus on some of the patterns(read the book to get to know all
of the documented patterns)
1 - Emptying the Cup
Expose Your Ignorance
Confront Your Ignorance
Breakable Toys
Concrete Skills
Retreat intoCompetence
Nurture Your Passion
Unleash Your Enthusiasm
Confront Your Ignorance
Breakable Toys
Concrete Skills
Retreat intoCompetence
Nurture Your Passion
Unleash Your Enthusiasm
Expose Your Ignorance Show the people who are
depending on you that the learning process is part of delivering software. Let them see you grow.
Expose Your Ignorance
Breakable Toys
Concrete Skills
Retreat intoCompetence
Nurture Your Passion
Unleash Your Enthusiasm
Pick one skill, tool, or technique and actively fill the gaps in your knowledge about it.
Confront Your Ignorance
Confront Your Ignorance
Expose Your Ignorance
Breakable Toys
Retreat intoCompetence
Nurture Your Passion
Unleash Your Enthusiasm
Concrete Skills
Acquire and maintain concrete skills. ...the possession of discrete and demonstrable ability with specific tools and technologies increases the likelihood that you will be trusted to contribute
Concrete SkillsConfront Your
Ignorance
Expose Your Ignorance
Breakable Toys
Retreat intoCompetence
Nurture Your Passion
Unleash Your Enthusiasm
Do not allow anyone to dampen your excitement for the craft—it is a precious commodity and will accelerate your learning.
2 - Walking the Long Road“How long will it take to master aikido?” a prospective student asks. “How long do you expect to live?” is the only respectable response.
—George Leonard, Mastery
Kindred Spirits
Sustainable Motivations
Nurture Your Passion
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
Draw Your Own Map
Craft over Art
The Long Road
Kindred Spirits
Sustainable Motivations
Nurture Your Passion
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
Draw Your Own Map
Craft over Art
The Long Road...keep your focus on the long term. During your apprenticeship, value learning and long-term growth opportunities over salary and traditional notions of leadership.
Kindred Spirits
Sustainable Motivations
Nurture Your Passion
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
Draw Your Own Map
The Long Road
Craft over Art Focus on delivering value to your customer over advancing your own self-interests.
As a craftsman you are primarily building something that serves the needs of others, not indulging in artistic expression.
Kindred Spirits
Nurture Your Passion
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
Draw Your Own Map
The Long Road
Craft over Art
Sustainable Motivations
“Anyone who has ever seen a programmer at work...knows that programming itself, if the programmer is given the chance to do it his way, is the biggest motivation in programming.”
—Jerry Weinberg, The Psychology of Computer Programming
“..there is not much overlap between the kind of software that makes money and the kind of software that’s interesting to write.... If you want to make money, you tend to be forced to work on problems that are too nasty for anyone to solve for free.”
—Paul Graham, Hackers & Painters
Kindred Spirits
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
Draw Your Own Map
The Long Road
Craft over Art
Sustainable Motivations
Nurture Your Passion
Work on what you like. Find something at work that interests you, identify it as something you enjoy, and pour yourself into it. If you can’t spare enough time during the workday for this activity, consider putting in some extra time. If this isn’t feasible, dedicate some time outside of work to build some Breakable Toys.
Kindred Spirits
Expand Your Bandwidth Find Mentors
Study the Classics
The Long Road
Craft over Art
Sustainable Motivations
Nurture Your Passion
Draw Your Own Map
Identify a logical but ambitious next step for your career.
3 - Accurate Self-AssessmentThe Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than is accurate. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled to recognize their ineptitude.
Rubbing Elbows
Nurture Your Passion
Concrete Skills
Find Mentors
Record What You Learn
The Deep End
The Long Road
Reflect as You Work
Breakable Toys
Sweep the Floor
Create Feedback Loops
Kindred Spirits
Be the Worst
Rubbing Elbows
Nurture Your Passion
Concrete Skills
Find Mentors
Record What You Learn
The Deep End
The Long Road
Reflect as You Work
Breakable Toys
Sweep the Floor
Create Feedback Loops
Kindred Spirits
Be the Worst
Surround yourself with developers who are better than you. Go to the team where you are the weakest member and have room to grow.
Rubbing Elbows
Nurture Your Passion
Concrete Skills
Record What You Learn
The Deep End
The Long Road
Reflect as You Work
Breakable Toys
Sweep the Floor
Create Feedback Loops
Kindred Spirits
Be the Worst
Find MentorsSeek out those who have gone ahead of you and strive to learn from them.
Rubbing Elbows
Nurture Your Passion
Concrete Skills
Record What You Learn
The Deep End
The Long Road
Reflect as You Work
Breakable Toys
Sweep the Floor
Create Feedback Loops
Be the Worst
Find Mentors
Kindred Spirits
To keep your momentum going, especially in the absence of a full-time mentor, you need to be in frequent contact with people who are walking a similar road. Therefore you should seek out people like yourself who are also looking to excel.
“Nothing is more powerful than a community of talented people working on related problems.”
—Paul Graham, Hackers & Painters
Nurture Your Passion
Concrete Skills
Record What You Learn
The Deep End
The Long Road
Reflect as You Work
Breakable Toys
Sweep the Floor
Create Feedback Loops
Kindred Spirits
Be the Worst
Find Mentors
Rubbing Elbows
Find ways to sit with another software developer and accomplish a hands-on task together, side-by-side. There are some things that can only be learned while you are sitting with another software developer to accomplish a shared objective.
4 - Perpetual Learning
learningcommunication
software development
+
Confront Your Ignorance
Expand YourBandwidth
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Breakable Toys
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Use the Source
Practice,Practice, PracticeConcrete
Skills
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Breakable Toys
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Use the Source
Practice,Practice, PracticeConcrete
Skills
Expand YourBandwidth You must develop the
discipline and techniques necessary to efficiently absorb new information, as well as to understand it, retain it, and apply it.
It involves seeking out new knowledge and experiences in multiple dimensions.
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Breakable Toys
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Use the Source
Concrete Skills
Expand YourBandwidth
Practice,Practice, Practice
Take the time to practice your craft without interruptions, in an environment where you can feel comfortable making mistakes.
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Use the Source
Concrete Skills
Expand YourBandwidth
Practice,Practice, Practice
Breakable Toys
Budget for failure by designing and building toy systems that are similar in toolset, but not in scope to the systems you build at work.
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Concrete Skills
Expand YourBandwidth
Practice,Practice, Practice
Breakable Toys
Use the Source
Seek out other people’s code and read it. Start with the applications and tools you use every day.
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Record What You Learn
Be the Worst
Concrete Skills
Expand YourBandwidth
Practice,Practice, Practice
Breakable Toys
Use the Source
Reflect as You Work
This involves regular introspection into how you are working. Consider whether your practices are novel, innovative, or outdated. Ask yourself questions about the things that the rest of your team takes for granted.
Confront Your Ignorance
Find Mentors
Read Constantly
Kindred Spirits
Learn How You Fail
Draw Your Own Map
Create Feedback Loops
Be the Worst
Reflect as You Work
Concrete Skills
Expand YourBandwidth
Practice,Practice, Practice
Breakable Toys
Use the Source
Share What You Learn
Record What You Learn
Keep a record of your journey in a journal, personal wiki, or blog. A chronological record of the lessons you have learned can provide inspiration to those you mentor, since it makes your journey explicit, but it can also give you a vital resource to draw upon.
5 - Construct Your Curriculum
Dig DeeperKindred Spirits Find Mentors
Familiar Tools
Breakable Toys
Expose Your Ignorance
The Long Road
Study the Classics
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Dig DeeperKindred Spirits Find Mentors
Familiar Tools
Breakable Toys
Expose Your Ignorance
The Long Road
Study the Classics
Read Constantly
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Maintain a Reading List to track the books you plan to read, and remember the books you’ve read.
In the spirit of the Share What You Learn pattern, consider storing your list in a public space. This will allow other people to benefit from the things you learn.
Dig DeeperKindred Spirits Find Mentors
Familiar Tools
Breakable Toys
Expose Your Ignorance
The Long Road
Study the Classics
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Read Constantly
“If you read even one good programming book every two months, roughly 35 pages a week, you’ll soon have a firm grasp on the industry and distinguish yourself from nearly everyone around you.”—Steve McConnell, Code Complete
Dig DeeperKindred Spirits Find Mentors
Familiar Tools
Breakable ToysThe Long
Road
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Read Constantly
Expose Your Ignorance
Study the Classics “Discover the great literature
in your profession or area of interest—the finest books, articles, and speeches ever written—and then begin an earnest study of these works.”—Joshua Kerievsky in “Knowledge Hydrant: A Pattern Language for Study Groups”
Kindred Spirits Find Mentors
Familiar Tools
Breakable Toys
Expose Your Ignorance
The Long Road
Study the Classics
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Read Constantly
Dig Deeper
Learn to dig deep into tools, technologies, and techniques. Acquire the depths of knowledge to the point that you know why things are the way they are. Depth means understanding the forces that led to a design rather than just the details of a design.
Kindred Spirits Find Mentors
Breakable Toys
Expose Your Ignorance
The Long Road
Study the Classics
Share What You Learn
Reading List
Read Constantly
Dig Deeper
Familiar Tools
Identify and focus on a set of familiar tools. Ideally, these are the tools where you no longer need the documentation... Armed with this knowledge, you can provide reliable estimates about certain parts of your work, limiting the risk to the new and unexplored areas.
PROG
RAM
MER
S
SKILLS
Low Average High
“We can take the time needed to nurture apprentice developers because we are faced with the problem of abundance, rather than scarcity....Today we have more developers than needed, but we have a shortage of good developers.”
—Pete McBreen, Software Craftsmanship, p. 93
LET’S CHANGE THAT!