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Citation:Tee, JC (2015) Applications of GPS in rugby union matches and practice. In: World Rugby ScienceNetwork Conference 2015, 15 September 2015 - 16 September 2015, Cape Town.
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Applications of GPS in rugby
union matches and trainingWorld Rugby Science Network Conference 2015
Jason Tee
twitter: @JasonCTee
Email: [email protected]
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GPS is here
to stay
Investment from
football will likely
lead to rapid
advances in
• Validity and
reliability of
tracking
• Automation of
analysis
• Live tracking
applications
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Comparison
GPS vs. automated camera systemsGPS
(e.g. GPSports, Catapult)
• Portable (matches and
training)
• Use with youth and
academy players
• Cost effective relative to
camera systems
Semi-automated camera systems (e.g. Prozone)
• Stadium dependent
• Often home match data
only
• Expensive
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Absolute vs.
subjective speed
thresholds
“Individualisation
of velocity bands
increases the
high-speed
running
attributed to
slower players
and decreases
the high-speed
running
attributed to
faster players.”
Gabbett (2015) JSCR
Player A Player B0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ru
nn
ing
sp
eed
(m
.s-1
)
Low-speed running
High-speed running
Max speed
6.6 m.s-1
(24 km.h-1)
Max speed
8.6 m.s-1
(31 km.h-1)
Comparison of absolute vs.
subjective (60% VMax) running velocities
Absolute speed
theshold = 5 m.s-1
4.0 m.s-1
14.4 km.h-1
5.2 m.s-1
18.7 km.h-1
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Absolute vs. relative speed thresholds
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Normative data
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Professional rugby match GPS norms
Forwards Backs
Relative distance (m.min-1) 69 ± 8 69 ± 9
Maximum speed (m.s-1) 7.6 ± 1.3 8.8 ± 1.1
Low-speed distance
(m.min-1 <4m.s-1)
58 ± 7 56 ± 6
High-speed distance
(m.min-1 >4m.s-1)
11 ± 5 14 ± 4
Repeated high intensity efforts
(RHIE)
12 ± 8 6 ± 6
Table 1 - Representative sample of data from professional rugby union
match play
* Significant differences regularly found between players in different positions
Data compiled from Tee et al., (2015) SAJSM and Jones et al., (2015) Eur J Sport Sci
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Professional rugby training GPS norms
Forwards Backs
Total distance (m) 7800 ± 950 9600 ± 1200
Low-speed distance
(m <4.4m.s-1)
6950 ± 900 7900 ± 1300
High-speed distance
(m >4.4m.s-1)
850 ± 350 1550 ± 500
Repeated high intensity efforts
(RHIE)
19 ± 8 15 ± 10
Table 2 – Typical training variables during a 1 week micro-cycle for
professional rugby union players
* Significant differences regularly found between players in different positions
Data compiled from Bradley et al., (2015) Eur J Sport Sci
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Forwards Backs
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Reasons for large variability
Reliability of measurement
• At low-speeds (<4m.s-1) GPS
units display adequate
reliability (CV < 3.0%)
• At high-speeds (>4m.s-1) data
“interpreted with caution”
(CV 5 – 20%, depending on
model)• Petersen et al. (2009) Int. J Sports
Physiol Perform 4:3
Game related factors
• Ambient conditions
• Opposition
• Match situation
• Contact
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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ContactIncreased
contact leads to
reduced total
and high
intensity running
distance during
game play –Johnston et al., (2014)
JSCR
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Match applications - pacing
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Match applications - pacing
Tee (PhD Thesis)
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Matc
h A
pplic
atio
ns –
fatig
ue p
rofil
e
Pacing profile
Forwards Backs
“Slow positive” “Flat”
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Match Applications – effect of substitutes
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Match applications –
Measuring exertion Determining physical
demands at various
standards of play
• Determine fatigue and modify
recovery protocols
• Determine metabolic power
(kJ/kg)
• Estimate energy expenditure
adequate energy replacement
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Maximum match demands
Tight Forwards Loose Forwards Scrumhalves Inside Backs Outside Backs
Relative distance
(m.min-1)
81 (15%) 86 (25%) 99 (23%) 86 (26%) 78 (17%)
Maximum speed
(m.s-1)
9.9 (36%) 10.8 (35%) 9.2 (15%) 9.4 (18%) 11.3 (20%)
Walking distance
(m.min-1)
45 (33%) 45 (47%) 41 (15%) 43 (17%) 41 (16%)
Jogging distance
(m.min-1)
39 (35%) 33 (37%) 33 (31%) 28 (36%) 25 (41%)
Striding distance
(m.min-1)
11 (59%) 20 (75%) 25 (53%) 14 (56%) 15 (71%)
Sprinting distance
(m.min-1)
1.5 (198%) 4.8 (128%) 5.8 (85%) 9.1 (276%) 7.3 (87%)
Sprint frequency 1 every 10
minutes (246%)
1 every 4 minutes
(175%)
1 every 4 minutes
(69%)
1 every 3 minutes
(213%)
1 every 4 minutes
(73%)
Acceleration
frequency
1 every 7 minutes
(86%)
1 every 3 minutes
(159%)
1 every 3 minutes
(41%)
1 every 2 minutes
(185%)
1 every 3 minutes
(63%)
Table 2 - Maximum observed values for movement variables during match play and
percentage difference from average match play values for five positional groups.
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
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Determining training specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 21: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Determining training specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 22: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Determining training specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 23: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Determining training specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 24: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Diversity of Physical Requirements
There is a diversity of skills and
positional requirements among rugby
players
To ensure quality conditioning and
recovery programs, it is essential to
understand the physical demands placed
on players in different positions
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
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Training for positional specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 26: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Training for positional specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 27: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Training for positional specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)
![Page 28: Applications of GPS in rugby - Leeds Beckett Universityeprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4475/1/ApplicationsofGPS_PPT_TEE.pdf · reliability (CV < 3.0%) ... Physiol Perform 4:3 Game related](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051918/600a634904102b6bd44d72aa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Training for positional specificity
Figure 1 - Magnitude of differences between match exertions and common training activities
@JasonCTee #RSN2015
Data from Tee et al., GPS comparison of training activities and match demands of professional rugby union,
International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching (In press)