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Applications of GOES SST Applications of GOES SST for Fisheries Research and for Fisheries Research and
ManagementManagement
David G. FoleyDavid G. FoleyHawai’i CoastWatchHawai’i CoastWatch
Joint Institute for Marine Joint Institute for Marine
and Atmospheric Researchand Atmospheric Research
University of Hawai’iUniversity of Hawai’i
R. Michael LaursR. Michael LaursNOAA Fisheries NOAA Fisheries
Honolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory
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Contributors Contributors
Jeff Polovina, Don Kobayashi, Evan Howell, Sam Jeff Polovina, Don Kobayashi, Evan Howell, Sam Pooley, Mike Seki, Rusty Brainard, Pierre Kleiber, Pooley, Mike Seki, Rusty Brainard, Pierre Kleiber, George Balaazs, Denise Ellis, Gerard DiNardo (NMFS George Balaazs, Denise Ellis, Gerard DiNardo (NMFS Honolulu Laboratory)Honolulu Laboratory)
Bob Bidigare, Carrie Leonard (UH)Bob Bidigare, Carrie Leonard (UH) Grayson Wood and Jay O’Reilly (NMFS Grayson Wood and Jay O’Reilly (NMFS
Narragansett)Narragansett) Fred Wu (Wisconsin)Fred Wu (Wisconsin) Eileen Maturi and Kent Hughes (NESDIS|ORA)Eileen Maturi and Kent Hughes (NESDIS|ORA) NESDIS|ORA in general.NESDIS|ORA in general.
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Overview Overview
Establish technical infrastructureEstablish technical infrastructure Directed development of specific applicationsDirected development of specific applications
Partnership with researchers/managersPartnership with researchers/managers Account for regional characteristicsAccount for regional characteristics Choose most appropriate productsChoose most appropriate products
Sample applications for fisheries research and Sample applications for fisheries research and management in the Pacific and NW Atlanticmanagement in the Pacific and NW Atlantic
Use in Data Fusion and GIS-based ApplicationsUse in Data Fusion and GIS-based Applications Future needsFuture needs
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LaunchLaunch On-orbit ValidationOn-orbit Validation
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CommunicationsCommunications
Process basic dataProcess basic data Generate relevant Generate relevant
environmental environmental productsproducts
Distribute Distribute products in forms products in forms both useful and both useful and usableusable
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http://coastwatch.noaa.gov
Gulf of Mexico
West Coast
Caribbean
Southeast
Northeast
HawaiiAlaska
Great Lakes
NOAA CoastWatchNOAA CoastWatchRegional NodesRegional Nodes
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Regions of ResponsibilityRegions of ResponsibilityHonolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory
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Oceanic Satellite Oceanic Satellite Remote SensingRemote Sensing
Provides essential marine environmental Provides essential marine environmental information required for:information required for: Fisheries research and managementFisheries research and management
Research and recovery of protected speciesResearch and recovery of protected species
Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.the U.S.
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Directed DevelopmentDirected Development
Understand Regional CharacteristicsUnderstand Regional CharacteristicsClimatic conditionsClimatic conditionsPhysical dynamicsPhysical dynamicsEcological interestEcological interest
Focus on applicationFocus on applicationChoose appropriate platformChoose appropriate platformWork through exampleWork through exampleDeliver product (and technology)Deliver product (and technology)
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Ocean Features ImportantOcean Features Important In Fisheries In Fisheries
Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’ Mesoscale circulation patterns, e.g., Mesoscale circulation patterns, e.g.,
eddies, meanders, ‘loops’eddies, meanders, ‘loops’ Convergence zonesConvergence zones Vertical thermal topographyVertical thermal topography Ocean surface windsOcean surface winds Wave heightsWave heights
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Scales of Spatial and Scales of Spatial and Temporal Oceanic VariabilityTemporal Oceanic Variability
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CoastWatch ApplicationsCoastWatch Applications
Fisheries Research and ManagementFisheries Research and Management Protected Species InvestigationsProtected Species Investigations
Hawaiian Monk SealHawaiian Monk Seal
Marine TurtlesMarine Turtles Coral Reef Monitoring and ProtectionCoral Reef Monitoring and Protection Satellite Tag Tracking and AnalysisSatellite Tag Tracking and Analysis
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Oceanic Satellite Oceanic Satellite Remote SensingRemote Sensing
Provides essential marine environmental Provides essential marine environmental information required for:information required for: Fisheries research and managementFisheries research and management
Research and recovery of protected speciesResearch and recovery of protected species
Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.the U.S.
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Rationale For SatelliteRationale For Satellite Remote Sensing In Fisheries Remote Sensing In Fisheries
Variations in marine environmental Variations in marine environmental conditions affect:conditions affect:
Distribution, abundance, and Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populationsavailability of fish populations
Influence the vulnerability and Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stockscatchability of fish stocks
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Satellite Data SourcesSatellite Data Sources
High Quality Data High Quality Data sets from National sets from National and International and International Agencies.Agencies.
Derived products Derived products generated by regional generated by regional distributors (e.g., distributors (e.g., Hawaii CoastWatch).Hawaii CoastWatch).
Fusion of various Fusion of various data types performed data types performed at NMFS Honolulu at NMFS Honolulu LaboratoryLaboratory
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Sample ApplicationsSample Applications
Essential Fish Habitat Essential Fish Habitat
Subtropical Convergence ZoneSubtropical Convergence Zone Swordfish FisherySwordfish Fishery Marine Turtle HabitatMarine Turtle Habitat
Eddywatch - Monitoring ocean Eddywatch - Monitoring ocean eddies in the lee of Hawai`Ieddies in the lee of Hawai`I Impact on Bigeye Tuna FisheryImpact on Bigeye Tuna Fishery
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Steering by GOES SSTSteering by GOES SST
Maximize resource Maximize resource allocationallocation
Enhance analysis Enhance analysis of of in situin situ data data
Extrapolate Extrapolate in situin situ results to larger results to larger regionregion
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Surveying the Subtropical Surveying the Subtropical FrontsFronts
Wind Driven Oceanic ConvergenceWind Driven Oceanic Convergence Seasonal variabilitySeasonal variability Interannual variabilityInterannual variability Swordfish FisherySwordfish Fishery Protected Marine Turtle HabitatProtected Marine Turtle Habitat Accumulation of Marine DebrisAccumulation of Marine Debris
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Shipboard SurveysShipboard Surveys
Spatial representation of Spatial representation of BIGEYE mooring BIGEYE mooring
High resolution vertical High resolution vertical structure of:structure of: temperaturetemperature salinitysalinity chlorophyllchlorophyll dissolved oxygendissolved oxygen nutrients (bottles)nutrients (bottles) accessory pigments (bottles)accessory pigments (bottles)
Influence of mesoscale Influence of mesoscale dynamic variability through dynamic variability through water columnwater column
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STCZ Transect 1999STCZ Transect 1999
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Monitoring Ocean EddiesMonitoring Ocean Eddies
Started at request of State DLNR and Started at request of State DLNR and fisheries biologistsfisheries biologists
Uses experimental GOES SST product Uses experimental GOES SST product as primary data setas primary data set
Complementary data sources used Complementary data sources used when appropriate (surface winds, ocean when appropriate (surface winds, ocean color and altimetry).color and altimetry).
Updates emailed to selected users, Updates emailed to selected users, posted on webposted on web
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Sample Eddy - ‘Ehu KaiSample Eddy - ‘Ehu Kai
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Importance of EddiesImportance of Eddies
Variations in marine environmental Variations in marine environmental conditions affectconditions affect
Distribution, abundance, and Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populationsavailability of fish populations
Influence the vulnerability and Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stockscatchability of fish stocks
Transport of planktonic coral and Transport of planktonic coral and reef fish larvareef fish larva
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Eddy Tracking AreaEddy Tracking Area
Bigeye CPUE
0.1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 25 Over 25
20 N
22 N
18 N
24 N160 W162 W 158 W 156 W 154 W164 W166 W
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Bigeye Bigeye Oceanographic MooringOceanographic Mooring
TemperatureTemperature 13 depths (25 - 700 m)13 depths (25 - 700 m)
Velocity (shear)Velocity (shear) 50,100,150,200, 350 m50,100,150,200, 350 m
Conductivity (salinity)Conductivity (salinity) 50 and 350 m50 and 350 m
Dissolved Oxygen (350 m)Dissolved Oxygen (350 m) Pressure (50 m)Pressure (50 m) Collaborators and Sensors Collaborators and Sensors
EncouragedEncouraged biological (optical/acoustic)biological (optical/acoustic) telemetrytelemetry
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In Situ Sampling In Situ Sampling Oceanic EddiesOceanic Eddies
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Marine Debris On Marine Debris On Coral ReefsCoral Reefs
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Endangered HawaiianEndangered HawaiianMonk SealMonk Seal
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Ocean Currents Ocean Currents of the North Pacificof the North Pacific
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Convergence Time SeriesConvergence Time Series
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Top 10 U.S. Fisheries PortsTop 10 U.S. Fisheries Ports
4242Brownsville TexasBrownsville Texas1010
4343Point Judith, Rhode IslandPoint Judith, Rhode Island99
4545Honolulu, Hawai`IHonolulu, Hawai`I88
4949Key West, FloridaKey West, Florida77
6464Empire-Venice, LouisianaEmpire-Venice, Louisiana66
7979KodiakKodiak55
9494Agana, GuamAgana, Guam44
9494New BedfordNew Bedford33
110110Dutch Harbor, UnalaskaDutch Harbor, Unalaska22
232232Pago Pago, Am.SamoaPago Pago, Am.Samoa11
LANDINGS VALUELANDINGS VALUE($ million ex-vessel)($ million ex-vessel)
PortPortRankRank
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Hawaii Commercial Hawaii Commercial Fisheries RevenueFisheries Revenue
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Future ApplicationsFuture Applications
Addressing the closure of a fishery:
Hawai’i Longline
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North Pacific Subtropical North Pacific Subtropical ConvergenceConvergence
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Wind Stress Curl ERS2 Wind Stress Curl ERS2 January - March 1998January - March 1998
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ERS2 Curl and AVHRR ERS2 Curl and AVHRR SST 18 C IsothermSST 18 C Isotherm
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ERS2 Curl, AVHRR 18 C SST ERS2 Curl, AVHRR 18 C SST and and SeaWiFSSeaWiFS 0.2 Chl 0.2 Chl aa
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Curl, 18 C, 0.2 Chl Curl, 18 C, 0.2 Chl aa and Swordfish CPUEand Swordfish CPUE
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Curl, SST, Chl a, Swordfish Curl, SST, Chl a, Swordfish CPUE and Turtle TracksCPUE and Turtle Tracks
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A Proposed SolutionA Proposed Solution
Identify habitats using different sensorsIdentify habitats using different sensors Area of convergenceArea of convergence
Wind Stress Curl (QuikSCAT and ADEOS-II)Wind Stress Curl (QuikSCAT and ADEOS-II) Swordfish HabitatSwordfish Habitat
18 C Isotherm (GOES-? and AVHRR)18 C Isotherm (GOES-? and AVHRR) Marine Turtle HabitatMarine Turtle Habitat
0.2 Chlorophyll (SeaWiFS, MODIS AM/PM)0.2 Chlorophyll (SeaWiFS, MODIS AM/PM)
Model anticipated turtle-longline Model anticipated turtle-longline interactionsinteractions
Adjust fishery restrictions accordinglyAdjust fishery restrictions accordingly
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Data FusionData Fusion
Provide best description of systemProvide best description of system
Physical DynamicsPhysical Dynamics
Ecological ResponseEcological Response
Anthropogenic impactsAnthropogenic impacts Advantage of GOES SSTAdvantage of GOES SST
Full coverage over short durationsFull coverage over short durations
Temporal sampling appropriate to Temporal sampling appropriate to resolve mesoscale featuresresolve mesoscale features
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Eddies Revisited:Eddies Revisited:Effect on ThermoclineEffect on Thermocline
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Biological ResponseBiological Response
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Fishing EffortFishing Effort
Examine relationships Examine relationships between CPUE and between CPUE and surface featuressurface features mesoscale eddiesmesoscale eddies
physical/biological physical/biological frontsfronts
Examine relationships Examine relationships between surface between surface features and vertical features and vertical
structure of:structure of: temperaturetemperature
velocityvelocity
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Other Applications Other Applications Northeast USNortheast US
NE CoastWatch using GOES-8 SST to NE CoastWatch using GOES-8 SST to assist NE Aquarium in tracking Giant assist NE Aquarium in tracking Giant Bluefin Tuna and Northern Right Whales Bluefin Tuna and Northern Right Whales (Grayson Wood and Molly Lutcavage)(Grayson Wood and Molly Lutcavage)
NMFS Narragansett using GOES-8 SST NMFS Narragansett using GOES-8 SST to enhance AVHRR SST by filling in to enhance AVHRR SST by filling in cloud covered pixels (J. O’Reilly).cloud covered pixels (J. O’Reilly).
Primary data set for GIS-based study of Primary data set for GIS-based study of turtle – longline interactionsturtle – longline interactions
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Specific Issues AddressedSpecific Issues Addressedusing GOES SSTusing GOES SST
Essential Fish Habitat ID for Pelagic FishEssential Fish Habitat ID for Pelagic Fish Coral Reef Monitoring and ProtectionCoral Reef Monitoring and Protection Allocation of Research Assets to Maximize Allocation of Research Assets to Maximize
Scientific ReturnsScientific Returns Data Fusion to Enhance End User ProductsData Fusion to Enhance End User Products Protected Species InvestigationsProtected Species Investigations
Endangered Hawaiian Monk SealEndangered Hawaiian Monk Seal
Threatened Marine TurtlesThreatened Marine Turtles
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Desirements - GeneralDesirements - General
Near-Real Time (< 11 hours)Near-Real Time (< 11 hours) Cloud-Cleared SSTCloud-Cleared SST Historical Data SetsHistorical Data Sets Spatial Coverage to include Western Spatial Coverage to include Western
Pacific.Pacific. Ocean Color Capacity (e.g., SEI)Ocean Color Capacity (e.g., SEI)
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Desirements - SpecificDesirements - Specific
Central PacificCentral Pacific
ResolutionResolution
Time < 3 hrTime < 3 hr
Space < 5 kmSpace < 5 km
Data QualityData Quality
Absolute < 0.5 CAbsolute < 0.5 C
Relative < 0.5 CRelative < 0.5 C
West CONUSWest CONUS
and Gulfand Gulf
ResolutionResolution
Time < 1 hrTime < 1 hr
Space < 2 kmSpace < 2 km
Data QualityData Quality
Absolute < 1.0 CAbsolute < 1.0 C
Relative < 1.0 CRelative < 1.0 C
East CONUSEast CONUS
ResolutionResolution
Time < 1 hrTime < 1 hr
Space < 1 kmSpace < 1 km
Data QualityData Quality
Absolute < 1.0 CAbsolute < 1.0 C
Relative < 1.0 CRelative < 1.0 C