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Application Types
• Variable Torque
• Constant Torque
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Variable Torque
Affinity Laws:
• Flow is proportional to speed.
(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1)/(RPM2)
• Pressure is proportional to the square of the speed.
(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2
• HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.
(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1 )3/ (RPM2)3
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Variable Torque Curve
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Variable Torque Curve
60 120
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuousoperation
Region of intermittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
Load torqueRequirement
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Variable Torque - Flow
Flow is proportional to speed.(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1) / (RPM2)
Flow RPM Second SecondGallons/min RPM Flow
10000 1800 900 5000.00
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Variable Torque - Pressure
Pressure is proportional to the
square of the speed.
(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2
Pressure RPM Second SecondLb/sq. in RPM Pressure (lb/sq. in)
1000 1800 3600 4000
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Variable Torque - HP
HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.
(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1)3 / (RPM2)3
Horsepower RPM Second Second RPM Horsepower
10 1800 3600 80.00
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RPM 1750 RPM 1750 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 900HP 30.0 HP 30.0 22.9 18.9 15.4 12.3 9.7 4.1Eff 88% Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89%PF 90% PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 35.47 Amps 32.54 24.87 20.49 16.66 13.34 10.49 4.43Volts 460 Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 25.43 kW 25.15 19.22 15.84 12.87 10.31 8.11 3.42Rate / Hr 0.06 Rate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0624 Hrs 36.62$ 24 Hrs 36.21$ 27.67$ 22.80$ 18.54$ 14.84$ 11.68$ 4.93$ Annual Cost 13,366.96$ Annual Cost 13,217$ 10,101$ 8,323$ 6,767$ 5,418$ 4,261$ 1,798$
Hrs 3 6 1.5 9 3 1.5 HP2 = HP1 x ( RPM2/RPM1)3
% speed 60% 100% 75% 80% 80% 90% kW = (E x I x PF x 1.732) / 1000RPM 1050 1750 1312.5 1400 1400 1575 Amps = (746 x HP) /(1.732 x E x Eff x PF)HP 6.48 30.00 12.66 15.36 15.36 21.87 Kw / Hr Rate 0.06$ Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% Voltage 460PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 7.03 32.54 13.73 16.66 16.66 23.72Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 16.29 150.88 15.91 115.87 38.62 27.50 kWRate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Rate / HrTotal 0.98$ 9.05$ 0.95$ 6.95$ 2.32$ 1.65$ 24 Hrs
Annual Cost 357$ 3,304$ 348$ 2,538$ 846$ 602$ Annual Cost
Energy Savings Using VFD'sVFDMotor
21.90$ 7,995.00$
Operating Costs Formulas
Totals365.080.06
Energy Savings Using VFD’s
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Variable Torque Applications
• Irrigation Water Pumps• Downhole Water Pumps• Submersible Water
Pumps• Domestic Water Pumps• Centrifugal Sewage
Treatment Pumps
• Centrifugal Fans• Blowers• Air Handling Units• Chillers
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Types of Three Phase AC Motors used on Pumps
Horizontal foot mounted Close coupledBelt drivenGear reducer
VerticalHollow shaftSolid shaft
Submersible
Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30
&NEMA MG1 Part 31
Specialized winding process
Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30 only
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Single Phase Motor
Cannot be used with a VFD
IMPORTANT
NOTICE!!!!!
Single Phase Motors
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Three Phase Motorwith THREE Phase Input
VFD is sized by the
Full Load Amperage
of the motor.
L1
L2
L3
T1
T2
T3
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Three Phase Motorwith SINGLE Phase Input
VFD is sized by the
Full Load Amperage
of the motor multiplied by 1.7
eg. For a 10HP motor with a FLA of 12 amps.
The VFD size would be
12 x 1.7 = 20.4 amps
Output Voltage is
the same as Input
Voltage.
T1
T2
T3
L1
L2
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Pump Packaging Options
• Reactors line and load, Harmonic Filters, Sine Wave DV/DT Filters
• Disconnect, fusible or non-fusible• Bypass system, Cam Switch, 2 contactor,
3 contactor• Serial communication HVAC protocols• Standard and custom door mounted controls; any
combination• Pre-engineered packages
– Nema 1, Nema 12, Sprinkler Proof and Nema 3R• Custom engineered packages
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Bypass Package Nema 3R
• Options– OPE Keypad– Fusible disconnect– 3 Contactor Bypass– Line Reactor– Load Reactor– Forced Air
Ventilation
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Pump Packages
• Standard Enclosure Options:– Nema 1– Nema 12– Nema 3R– Sprinkler Proof– Wall Mount– Floor Mount
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WELLMAX
• A USER FRIENDLY GRAPHICAL TOUCH SCREEN LCD with sensible wording for easy operation.Displays historical data of TORQUE, AMPS, and RPM (standard).You can zoom in & out to examine any data point of interest.
• An optional memory card will CONSTANTLY STORE DATA, which can be retrieved by the user.
• An optional four inch printer will be available for on the site printing of information.
• PUMPOFF CONTROL features will prolong the life of the pump by monitoring and maintaining an approximate FLUID LEVEL.SERIAL port available for COMMUNICATION. Optional interface available for MODBUS protocols.
• Option - A LOW COST SATELLITE COMMUNICATION link, which allows Internet viewing of 10 points of information as well as voice call out ability on alarm situations for $6 per day.
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WELLMAXCONTROLLER
PUMPOFF CONTROLLER
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Constant Torque Curve
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Constant Torque
• Torque remains constant up to the motor base speed.
• HP is proportional to the speed.
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Constant Torque Applications
• Conveyors• Compressors• Positive Displacement Pumps• Crushers• Mixers• Etc.
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Positive Displacement Pumps
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Constant Torque Load
60 100
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuouso eration
Region of in term ittenoperation
Load torquerequirem ent
Region of interm ittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
60 100
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
egion of continuousperation
Region of in term ittentoperation
Load torquerequirem ent
Region of interm ittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
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Constant Power Load
60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T
orq
ue
(Typ
ical
)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T
orq
ue
(Typ
ical
)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuousoperation
Region of intermittentoperation
Load torquerequirement
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Torque Derating Due to Motor Cooling
60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT
orq
ue
(Ty
pic
al)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT
orq
ue
(Ty
pic
al)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz
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Torque Curve Below & Above 60 Hz, Constant Torque V/F Ratio
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Application Considerations • Motor voltage, HP & FLA
specifications• Load type, constant or variable torque• Control system requirements
Serial communication protocolAnalog and digital input and outputs
• Harmonic considerations• Nuisance tripping concerns• Motor insulation protection• Line & load filter options