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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Civil Rights – part 2
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Proposed by Kennedy 5 months before he diedPushed through Congress by Lyndon B. Johnson“We’ve just lost the South for a generation”.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels,motels, restaurants, and other public places.
Forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin,religion, or gender.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Created the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)to monitor & enforce protections against job discrimination
Provided for withholding federal grants from state & local governments that practiced racial discrimination
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Strengthened voting rights legislation
Authorized the U.S. Dept. of Justice toinitiate lawsuits to desegregate public schoolsand facilities
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
24th Amendment
Ratified in 1964
Declared that poll taxes in federal elections are not allowed.
2 years later the Supreme Court held that poll taxes in state elections are a no-noHarper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Meant to end barriers to African American suffrage (voting).
Prohibited use of procedures that denied a person the vote based on race or color.
Abolished use of literacy requirements for anyone who had completed the 6th grade.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Abigail AdamsWife of John AdamsIn a letter to him while he attended theConstitutional Convention . . .
. . . remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
John Adams In his response to Abigail’s letter . . .
As to your extraordinary code of laws, I cannot but laugh.
We have been told that our struggle has loosened the bonds of government everywhere; that children and apprentices were disobedient; that schools and colleges were grown turbulent; that Indians slighted their guardians, and negroes grew insolent to their masters.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
John Adams In his response to Abigail’s letter . . .
But your letter was the first intimationthat another tribe, more numerous and powerful
than all the rest, were grown discontented.–
This is rather too coarse a Compliment but you are so saucy, I won’t blot it out.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments1848 - Birth of the women’s rights movement
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal;
.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.
.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
. . . we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of these United States..
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
In 1872
Susan B. Anthony was arrested for voting in the presidential election.She was found guilty and fined $100.
I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty!
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
19th Amendment ratified (1920)
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Equal Rights Amendment
Introduced in Congress in 1923
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Equal Rights Amendment
Introduced in every session of Congress after 1923 . . . finally passed in . . .
Ratified by 35 states
Therefore . . . NOT an Amendment
1972
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Reed v. Reed
1971
Supreme Court, for 1st time, upheld claim of gender discrimination.
Found it violated . . . Equal protection clause of the
14th Amendment
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Civil Rights Act of 1964Banned gender discrimination
in employment
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978Illegal to exclude pregnancy & childbirth
from sick leave & benefits plans
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights
Women
Title IX of the Education Act of 1972
Forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs
Including athletics . . . leading to . . .