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Chapter 12
Congress
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Qualifications
HOUSE 25 years old; citizen for years;li!e in the state you represent
SE"#$E %& years old; citizen for ' years;
li!e in the state you represent
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$he House
( )%5 *e*+ers, 2-year
ter*s of office( .nitiates all re!enue
+ills, *ore influential
on +udget
( House /ulesCo**ittee
( 0i*ited de+ates
$he Senate
( 1&& *e*+ers, -year
ter*s of office
( i!es 3ad!ice 4
consent, *ore
influential on foreign
affairs
( Unli*ited de+ates
6fili+uster7
American Bicameralism
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8ica*eral 0egislature $9o house Congress
House of /eps: )%5*e*+ers
5 non-!oting *e*+ers ashington ?:C:,#*erican Sa*oa
Senate 1&& *e*+ers
Connecticut Co*pro*ise@the ConstitutionalCon!ention
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Congress*en fro* #rizona/epresentati!e Aeff Blae
httpD999:house:go!flae
Senator Aon Fyl
httpDyl:senate:go!
Senator Aohn GcCain
httpD*ccain:senate:go!
http://www.house.gov/flake/http://kyl.senate.gov/http://mccain.senate.gov/http://mccain.senate.gov/http://kyl.senate.gov/http://www.house.gov/flake/ -
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$he /epresentati!es and Senators
$he Ao+
(Salary of 1I,5&& 9ith retire*ent +enefits
(Office space in ?:C: and at ho*e 9ith staff
($ra!el allo9ances and franing pri!ileges
(/eJuires long hours, a lot of ti*e a9ay fro*
fa*ily, and pressure fro* others to supporttheir policies
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.ncu*+ency in Congress
.ndi!iduals 9ho alreadyhold office usually 9in
'&K of elections
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Congressional Elections
$he #d!antages of .ncu*+ents(#d!ertisingD
$he goal is to +e !isi+le to your constituents BreJuent trips ho*e, use of ne9sletter, and
technology
(Credit Clai*ingD
Ser!ice to constituents throughD( Case9orD specifically helping constituents get 9hat they
thin they ha!e a right to
(
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Congressional Elections
$he #d!antages of .ncu*+ents
(
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Ser!icing the Constituency
ConstituentsD citizens thatthe Congresspersonrepresents
CaseworkD helping
constituency as indi!iduals6cutting through red tape togi!e people 9hat they thinthey ha!e a right to get
Pork BarrelD 0ist of federalproLects, grants and contractsa!aila+le to cities, +usinesses,colleges and institutions
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Goney in electing Congress*en Gost of the turno!er in the
*e*+ership in Congressresults fro* !acated seats,particularly in the House
.t costs a great deal *ore*oney to elect acongressperson than to elect apresident
2&&&, all presidentialcandidates spent a total of
2&& *illion 2&&&, general election Senate
races alone cost %5& *illion
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Co*paring the Senate and the
House of /epresentati!es
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House of /epresentati!es
Gore centralized,hierarchical, less anarchic
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House /ules Co**ittee
Gost i*portant co**ittee in the House
/e!ie9s *ost +ills co*ing fro* a house co**ittee +efore
they go to the full House 6traffic cop7
i!es each +ill a 3rule, 9hich schedules the +ill on thecalendar, allots ti*e for de+ate, and can e!en specify 9hat
ind of a*end*ents to +ill can +e offered
.nitiates all re!enue +ills in House
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Senate
0ess disciplined, less
centralized
/atifies treaties
Confir*s i*portant
presidential no*inations
$ries i*peached officials
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Congressional 0eadership
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Ho9 Congress is Organized
to Gae
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Speaer of the House
Gost i*portant personin Congress(
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Other Congressional 0eaders GaLority 0eader in each
house
Ginority 0eaders in eachhouse
>hipsD # *e*+er of alegislati!e +ody, charged+y his or her party 9ith
enforcing party disciplineand ensuring attendance
?aniel .nouye
6?7
Senate GaLority 0eader Harry /eid 6?7
Ginority 0eaderD Gitch GcConnell 6/7
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>hipsRin the Senate
/ichard ?ur+in 6?7 GaLority 9hip
Aon Fyl 6/7 Ginority 9hip
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>hips:::in the House
Fe!in GcCarthy 6/7 *aLority 9hip Steny Hoyer 6?7 *inority 9hip
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0egislati!e O!ersight
CongressPs *onitoring of the +ureaucracy
and its ad*inistration of policy 6hearings7
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Co**ittees in Congress
http://hsgac.senate.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Home.Homehttp://www.rules.house.gov/welcome.htm -
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Co**ittees in Congress
Standing committeesD
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House S$#"?." Co**ittees
$here are 19 standingcommitteesin the House of/epresentati!es:
/epresentati!es are nor*allyassigned to one or t9ostanding co**ittees:
$he *ost i*portantco**ittees in the House areD/ules, >ays and Geans,#ppropriations, #r*ed
Ser!ices, Audiciary,.nternational /elations, and#griculture
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Senate S$#"?." Co**ittees
$here are 17 standingcommitteesin the Senate:
Senators are nor*allyassigned to three or four
co**ittees: $he *ost i*portant
co**ittees in the SenateareD Boreign /elations,#ppropriations, Binance,Audiciary, #r*ed Ser!ices,and 8aning, Housing andUr+an #ffairs:
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.*portant Bacts a+out
Co**itteesCo**ittees are 9here *ost +ills
recei!e thorough consideration:
$he fate of *ost +ills is decided
in the !arious standing
co**ittees:
Most bills DI in t!e
committees "action# to w!ic!
t!e$ are referred
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Congressional Caucus
.nfor*al organizationof Congresspersons9ho share so*einterest oncharacteristics
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Congressional process
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$he Congressional