Anomalies of low multipoles of WMAP and Planck missions: what are they ?
Oleg Verkhodanov Special astrophysical observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP, NASA)
5 frequencies:23, 33, 41, 61, 94 GHz
Best determination of cosmological parameters in 2011 !
2001-2011
Planck mission, ESA
Low Frequency Instrument: 30,44,70HFI: 100, 143, 217, 353, 545, 857 GHz
Zeldovich-Sunyaev effect
3) Gravitational waves in the B-mode of polarization ?
2010-20131)
2)
Observations
Data analysis of CMB
Registration: time odered data: T(t)=T(l,b) Pixelization: map-making and restoration data in pixels Component separation Multipole analysis Pixel statistics of the CMB map Angular power spectrum analysis and determination of cosmological parameters
Component separation
WMAP observational bands
Component separation:Signal = (CMB + Synchrotron+dust+FreeFree+radiosouces)*Beam + Noise
Two basic properties of CMB:1) Black body emission — same temperature at all wavelengthes;2) Correlation of CMB and foregrounds should be close to zero: because CMB is a random gaussian process
The maps
WMAP 9, Lmax=150(Hinshaw et al., 2012)
Planck, Lmax=150
Planck collaboration, 2013
Lmax = 150
Masks
Angular power spectrum of CMB
The spectra
WMAP 9,2012
Planck2013
Let us go to data
Legacy Planck Archive (LPA)http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?page=Planck_Legacy_Archive&project=planck
1) 4 CMB maps2) maps at observational bands (30, 44, 70, 100, 143, 217, 353,545, 857 GHz)3) CO emission maps 4) Maps of dust5) Maps of galactic low frequency emission (synchrotron + free-free)6) Zodiac light maps7) Maps of gravitational lensing8) y-comptonization maps9) Masks
Planck maps
Observational frequency maps
30GHz 44GHz 70GHz
100GHz 143GHz 217GHz
353GHz 545GHz 857GHz
Planck maps: component separation
Legacy Planck Archive (LPA)http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?page=Planck_Legacy_Archive&project=planck
Maps WMAP9 of Planck mission
Power spectrum
Cosmological results: WMAP9 and Planck data
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov
No revolution...
CMB for neutrino parameters
1)
2)
3)
4)
«Bad» spots...
WMAP CMB anomalies
1) Cold Spot2) Axis of Evil3) Primirdial non-gaussinity (low limit by Planck data)4) Violation of the power spectrum parity5) Asymmetry 'North — South' in galactic coordinate system
6) New anomaly: too low amplitude of low harmonics
Let us look at some anomalies...
Cold Spot
Part of octupole
Cold Spot < -5sigma
1) Huge Sachs-Wolfe effect (Rudnick et al, 2007)2) Anistropic expansion (Jaffe et al., 2005)3) Topological defect [texture] (Cruz et al., 2007,2008, Planck 2013 ?)4) Artifact ?5) Galactic phenomena (M.Hansen et al., 2012)
CMB NVSSRadio sources
(Rudnick et al., 2007)
Axis of Evil
Problems of WMAP quadrupole
AmplitudeAxis of Evil: planarity + alignment(Land & Magueijo, 2005)
What is the reason ?1) Component separation (Doroshkevich, Verkhodanov, 2010)2) Kouper Belt (Hansen et al. 2011)3) Moving in Local Group of galaxies? (Tegmark et al., 2004)4) Something else...5) It is absent...
Axis of Evil(Planck data)
Copi et al., arXiv:1311.4562: direction of our motion exists
Primordial non-gaussianity ?
Primordial non-gaussianity ?
1) Obtained with bispectrum2) Low multimoples anomalies exist
Low multipoles in Planck
L=2 L=3 L=4
L=5 L=6 L=7
L=8 L=9 L=10
Low multipoles in WMAP
L=2 L=3 L=4
L=5 L=6 L=7
L=8 L=9 L=10
Asimmetry North-South
Planck CMB CMB and Bianchi 7h anisotropy model ?
Violation of power spectrum parity
Power spectrum and separate multipoles
SMICA
SEVEM
NILC
WMAP9
Maps, L<=100
Power spectrum C(l), l<=50
Planck, WMAP
-
=
Planck, SMICAWMAP
L=5
-
=
Planck, SMICAWMAP
L=7
-
=
Planck, SMICAWMAP
L=11
Planck, SMICA
WMAP
L=70
NILC
SEVEM
Cosmology with Suynaev-Zeldovich effect ?
Problem with cluster parameters ?Planck: optic and mm/submm centers differ from X-ray.
Missed sources in the Planck data: radio sources at sigma level < 3 sigma
Awaited source of the secondary anistropy: >20000 radio galaxies ?
0015+0501
0225+0506
0226+0512
0302+0456
0311+0507, z=4.514
0427+0457 1113+0436RG in cluster ?
SZ-effect
30 44 70 100 143 217 353 545 CMB
0702+0440
0748+0452
0756+0506
0924+0508
1022+0450
Observational channel of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?
Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?
1) Very close to CMB map outside the Galactic plane, but let us remember WMAP bands:
Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?
1) Close to the CMB map
2) Calibration problem ? (Spergel et al., arXiv:1312.3313)
If remove the 217 GHz channel, then it can be obtained accurate restoration of the WMAP cosmology
Stephen Hawking «stamp» :)
WMAP
Planck,SMICA
What have we wait for ? and what to do ?
1) WMAP and Planck data have practically the same low multipole anomalies
2) The difference of power spectra looks like one due to systematic effects of maps prepartion
3) We are waiting for a new release in June 2014: Maps of temperature anisotropy and polarization
4) Data are comparatively good (in resolution and sensetivity) when we take into account strangeness
Summary
Корреляция: (Chаnnel — CMB) * CMB
Карты(и их характеристика)
Карты
SMICA
SEVEM
NILC
Фазы
Фазы
SEVEM
NILC
SMICA
Фазы, L<=4096
SEVEMSMICA
Фазы, L<=256
SEVEMSMICA
Чтобы не забыть...
(Chiang et al. 2003)
WMAP:2 картыТегмарка
Космологические результаты WMAP9 и Planck
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov
Революции нет ... Так это прекрасно !
Приложения
Мультипольное разложение
Приложение 1.
Multipole expansion
L = 2 (quadrupole) L =3 (octupole)
L = 4 L = 5
L=2 (2,0)
(2,1) (2,2)
=
+ +
+
Квадруполь
Октуполь
= +
+ +
(3,0)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3)
L=3
Для простейшей инфляционной модели
Возмущения плотности -> возмущения CMB:
Первичная негауссовость
Приложение 2: негауссовость