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Ancient Ancient EgyptEgypt
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The Nile Valley• ANNUAL FLOODS
– Deposited Silt
– Protected from other civilizations by deserts
• UPPER EGYPT
– First Cataract to 100 miles of Mediterranean
• LOWER EGYPT
– 100 miles to River Delta
– Upper and Lower were united in 3100 BC
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Egyptian Religion
• Polytheistic• Amon-Re, Sun God - Chief God• Osiris - God of Underworld and
Nile• Strong Belief in Afterlife
– Life after death would be like life on earth
– Buried with items you need– Preserved bodies with
Mummification
FACTEgyptians believed that your heart would be weighed against a feather of truth. Sinners would be fed to a crocodile-shaped eater of the dead!
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Egyptian Writing
• Lasting Records– Hieroglyphics used by
Scribes– Demotic - Simpler form for
everyday use– Developed Papyrus
• Rosetta Stone early 1800’S– Written in Hieroglyphics,
Demotic, and Greek
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Wisdom of Egyptians
• MEDICINE– Extensive knowledge of Human bodies– Surgical operations
• ASTRONOMY– Mapped Stars– Developed Calendar– 12 Months of 30 Days– 5 Days added to the end of the year
• MATHEMATICS– Developed Geometry– Engineering Skills (Pyramids)
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Pyramids• Most made during the Old Kingdom• Were made to be the tombs for pharaohs• They began as flat tombs called Mastabas.
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Stepped Pyramid• The great architect Imhotep decided to place one
mastaba on top of another• He is the first “artist” whom we know his name• He created the “Stepped” Pyramid
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Snefru’s Pyramids
• The Pharaoh Snefru constructed at least three pyramids.
• The “Collapsed” Pyramid• A “Bent Pyramid”• The first “true” Pyramid – Red
Pyramid
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The Giza Plateau
• Consists of many Pyramids and monuments:• The largest – Pyramid of Khufu• 2nd – Pyramid of Khafre• Smallest- Pyramid of Menkaure • Many “Queens” Pyramids• Great Sphinx