Ancient China and Ancient China and IndiaIndiaChapter 5Chapter 5
Geography of IndiaGeography of India
Indus River Valley Indus River Valley civilizationcivilization
Himalayan Himalayan MountainsMountains
Indus RiverIndus River Ganges RiverGanges River Mohenjo-daroMohenjo-daro HarappaHarappa
Why did they settle Why did they settle there?there?
Fertile landFertile land Available food and waterAvailable food and water Protection from invadersProtection from invaders
Hindu KushHindu Kush Himalayan MountainsHimalayan Mountains Bay of BengalBay of Bengal Arabian SeaArabian Sea
AryansAryans
Civilization of people who settled in India Civilization of people who settled in India after the decline of the Indus valley after the decline of the Indus valley civilizationcivilization
Little is known about these peopleLittle is known about these people Nomadic – left behind no buildingsNomadic – left behind no buildings Followed herds of cattleFollowed herds of cattle Moved using horses and chariotsMoved using horses and chariots Settled down and began to farmSettled down and began to farm
HinduismHinduism PolytheisticPolytheistic VedasVedas and and UpanishadsUpanishads – –
religious textreligious text Caste system – different Caste system – different
levels of societylevels of society PriestsPriests WarriorsWarriors Merchants Merchants PeasantsPeasants
Hindu BeliefsHindu Beliefs Universal ForceUniversal Force
Goal of life is to free the individual soul (atman) by Goal of life is to free the individual soul (atman) by joining it with the universal life force (brahman)joining it with the universal life force (brahman)
ReincarnationReincarnation Many different lives to reach highest levelMany different lives to reach highest level Life focus on bettering yourselfLife focus on bettering yourself
Ahimsa – not injuring any living thingAhimsa – not injuring any living thing Yoga – Physical and mental exerciseYoga – Physical and mental exercise FastingFasting Religious pilgrimagesReligious pilgrimages
BuddhismBuddhism
Grew from people Grew from people questioning Hinduismquestioning Hinduism
Based on the Based on the teachings of Buddha teachings of Buddha
Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama Basic principles of Basic principles of
poverty, meditation poverty, meditation and studyand study
Buddhist BeliefsBuddhist Beliefs
RebirthRebirth Selfish desire causes human sufferingSelfish desire causes human suffering Focus on bettering the worldFocus on bettering the world Ultimate goal is to let go of greed, hatred Ultimate goal is to let go of greed, hatred
and ignoranceand ignorance Nirvana – blissful state after reaching goalNirvana – blissful state after reaching goal Different forms of BuddhismDifferent forms of Buddhism
Mauryan EmpireMauryan Empire
Chandragupta – first emperorChandragupta – first emperor Brilliant and ruthless leaderBrilliant and ruthless leader Led India to be peaceful and prosperousLed India to be peaceful and prosperous
Asoka – Chandragupta’s grandsonAsoka – Chandragupta’s grandson Led similarly to ChandraguptaLed similarly to Chandragupta Had a spiritual awakening and changed how Had a spiritual awakening and changed how
he ledhe led Ruled following the Buddhist philosophyRuled following the Buddhist philosophy
Geography of ChinaGeography of China
Protected by ocean, Protected by ocean, desert and mountaindesert and mountain
Only 10% of land Only 10% of land could grow cropscould grow crops
Wet and fertile river Wet and fertile river valleysvalleys
Long, navigable Long, navigable riversrivers
Cause and EffectCause and Effect
CauseCause EffectEffect
Natural protectionNatural protection Chinese culture Chinese culture developed in isolationdeveloped in isolation
Little land to support Little land to support cropscrops
Limited tradeLimited trade
Wet fertile river valleysWet fertile river valleys Large variety of cropsLarge variety of crops
Long riversLong rivers Huge transportation Huge transportation networknetwork
Silk RoadSilk Road
Series of different merchants trading from Series of different merchants trading from one to another over thousands of milesone to another over thousands of miles
Not an actual roadNot an actual road China traded silk and spices for horses China traded silk and spices for horses
from the northfrom the north Northerners took silk as they traveled to Northerners took silk as they traveled to
MesopotamiaMesopotamia
Dynasties of ChinaDynasties of China
ShangShang Zhou (shoe)Zhou (shoe) Qin (chin)Qin (chin) HanHan
Shang DynastyShang Dynasty
Government – led by king and noble Government – led by king and noble familiesfamilies
Achievements – used bronze tools Achievements – used bronze tools armor, bows and arrows and chariotsarmor, bows and arrows and chariots
Religion – ancestor worshipReligion – ancestor worship
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty
Warring statesWarring states Believed they had a “heavenly mandate” Believed they had a “heavenly mandate”
to ruleto rule Iron tools and weaponsIron tools and weapons
Qin DynastyQin Dynasty
China unified under one EmperorChina unified under one Emperor Creation of the modern day “China” Creation of the modern day “China”
namename Great Wall startedGreat Wall started Shihuangdi’s tomb with the terra cotta Shihuangdi’s tomb with the terra cotta
soldierssoldiers
Han DynastyHan Dynasty
Governed by Confucian ideasGoverned by Confucian ideas Age of scholars Age of scholars Imperial Academy createdImperial Academy created Pass exams to become part of the Pass exams to become part of the
government government Important because even the poor could be Important because even the poor could be
part of the governmentpart of the government
ConfucianismConfucianism
Based on the teachings of CunfuciusBased on the teachings of Cunfucius Treat others the way you would want to Treat others the way you would want to
be treatedbe treated Polite, respectful behaviorPolite, respectful behavior High regard for learningHigh regard for learning
TaoismTaoism
Also known as DaoismAlso known as Daoism Based on the teachings of Lao-tzuBased on the teachings of Lao-tzu Order and harmony come from natureOrder and harmony come from nature Find calmness in everything around you Find calmness in everything around you Don’t strive for useless things or have Don’t strive for useless things or have
unnecessary argumentsunnecessary arguments
Yin YangYin Yang