Download - Anatomy: Endocrine System
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In the name of God
Anatomy:
Endocrine System
Moradian MD, MPH, PhD candidate
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2013
http://www.
emc.marico
pa.edu/fac
ulty/farabe
e/biobk/bio
bookendocr
.html
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Endocrine system
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
Controls many body
functions
exerts control by
releasing special
chemical substances into
the blood called
hormones
Hormones affect other
endocrine glands or body
systems
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
Exocrine: glands
transport their
hormones to target
tissues via ducts.
Endocrine :glands
release hormones
directly into the
blood, which in turn
transports the
hormones to target
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Endocrine System
A. Exocrine gland
Ducts
Lumen and
surfaces
B. Endocrine gland
Chemical
messengers
Blood stream
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hormone + target =
change in cell
function
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hormone + Receptor
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hormones
Chemical
messenger
Secreted by
endocrine gland
Specific to target
Activate cellular
change
Of 4 different
chemical types
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Endocrine System and
Homeostasis
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Control of Endocrine Function
A. Positive
B. or Negative
Feedback
mechanisms
Self-regulating
system
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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A. Positive Feedback
Not common
Classic example:
Action of
OXYTOCIN on
uterine muscle
during birth.
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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B. Negative Feedback
Most common
control mechanism
Level of hormone in
blood or body’s
return to
homeostasis shuts
off loop at
hypothalamus and
pituitary
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Endocrine Glands
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hypophys Gland
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones
HORMONE TARGET FUNCTION
Thyroid (TSH)
Stimulating
Thyroid gland TH synthesis &
release
Growth (GH) Many tissues growth
Adrenocortico-
Tropin (ACTH)
Adrenal cortex Cortisol release
(androgens)
Prolactin (Prl) Breast Milk production
Follicle (FSH) Gonads Egg/sperm prod.
Luteinizing (LH) Gonads Sex hormoneshttp://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Neurosecretory Cells
Specialized neurons
Synthesize and
secrete hormones
Extend from
HYPOTHALAMUS
to POSTERIOR
PITUITARY
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Manufactured in Hypothalamus, released from Post. Pit.
Oxytocin
Target = smooth ms. Uterus and Breast
Function = labor and delivery, milk ejection,(pair bonding)
ADH (Vasopressin AVP)
Target = kidneys
Function = water Reabsorption
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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What happens with excess GH?
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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GH as Juvenile
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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GH as an Adult
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hypersecretion of GH
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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GH = pituitary dwarfism
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Thyroid Gland
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
لوب راست و چپ و بخش میانی
رشد، فعالیت فیزیکی، حالات روحی و تغییرات : تیروکسین
جنسی، درجه حرارت
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
Parathyroid GlandsSecretes parathyroid hormone
regulates plasma calcium (osteoclast activity)
regulates phosphate levels
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Adrenal GlandAdrenal gland located atop kidney
Outer part = cortex
Secretes Cortisol (stress), Androgens,
Aldosterone (electrolytes)
Inner part = medulla
Secretes EPI & NEPI
(fight or flight)
SNS control
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Cushing’s Syndrome?
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Pineal gland
ارتباط با مسیر بینایی: مغز میانی
رنگ پوست :اثر بر سایر غدد، ملاتونینhttp://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
PancreasLocated slightly behind the stomach
Insulin: reduces blood glucose
Facilitates glucose transport into the
cells
Promotes glycogenesis
Inhibits gluconeogensis
Glucagon: increases blood glucose
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http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
Gonadstestes (testosterone) = sex
characteristics
muscle development and
maturity
ovaries (estrogen) = sex
characteristics
maturity and coordination
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Breasts
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
غدد عرق تغییر شکل یافته
نیپل، هاله، مجاری شیری
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Breasts
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Other Secretions
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij
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Other Secretions
http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij