Download - ANALYTICAL X-RAY SAFETY User Training
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ANALYTICAL X-RAY SAFETY User Training
Centre for Environmental Health, Safety and Security Management
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 2
HistorySources/uses of X-raysLegislationBiological & Health EffectsX-ray safety in the lab– Exposure– SOPS– Security– Emergencies– Summary
ReferencesQuiz
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
TRAINING OUTLINE
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 3
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 4
How are X-rays produced
Atomic properties and interaction with matter
Description of a X-ray machine
Types of Laboratory X-rays machines
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and Uses - Outline
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 5
X-rays are part of electromagnetic spectrum (energy range of 10eV – 120KeV)
type of ionizing radiation (made of photons) originating from the electron shell
produced by machines
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and UsesWhat Are X-rays?
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 6
Electron(-) X-Ray
Target NucleusTungsten
Example of electromagnetic radiation which comes from electrons which are deflected from their original paths or inner orbital electrons change their orbital levels around nucleus
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and UsesX-ray Production - Bremsstrahlung
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 7
Produced whenever a high voltage, a vacuum and a source of electrons present
Most x-ray devices emit electrons from a cathode, accelerate them with a voltage and hit the anode (target)
Emits x-rays
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and UsesHow Are X-rays Produced?
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 8
Cathode(-)
Anode (+)
X-Rays
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and UsesX-ray Machine
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 9
Consists of a x-ray tube, an electrical source of high voltage, tube filament current, and radiation shielding to shape the beam
Principle Types of Diagnostic X-rays: Radiographic, Fluoroscopic, and Photo-Fluorographic
Industrial X-rays - Nondestructive examination of metal parts
Therapeutic X-rays - Superficial x-ray for skin cancer, orthovoltage x-ray generators for deeper lying tumors
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and Uses
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 10
X-ray machineelectrically powered device with a PRIMARY purpose of producing X-raysanalyzes structures or materials
X-ray sourceany part of a device that emits x-rays, whether or not the device is an x-ray machine e.g. electron microscope
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and Uses
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 11
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)commonly used in chemical analysis
studies arrangements of atoms in solids by studying scattered x-ray beam from atomic arrangement
X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)observes fluorescent emissions of x-ray and UV as atoms hit by x-rays
structure of material examines atomic
absorption
Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training
Source and Uses
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RYERSON UNIVERSITY 12
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