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Analog Modeling SynthesizerFPGA SOPC implementation
Arnaud Taffanel,Peyman Pouyan
Altera Innovate Nordic Competition
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
Teacher:Professor Lambert Spaanenburg
Lund Institute of Technology
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Motivation
� To produce an analog style sound and to
simulate the analog user experience by
permitting to change any parameter of the
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
permitting to change any parameter of the
sound generation path in real-time.
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Outline
� Introduction
� Music synthesizers
� History of Analog Synthesizer
� System Implementation
� NIOS II system
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Sound stream
� Software Implementation
� Project Mapping
� µc/os II
� Conclusion & results
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Music Synthesizers
� Subtractive synthesis
Analog synthesizer=Subtractive Synthesizer
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Subtractive synthesis
starts wih a rich harmonic
waveform(such as square
or sawtooth wave)
and filters out unwanted
spectral components.
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Subtractive Synthesis
� Basic Subtractive Synthesizer parts:
� Oscillators
� Filters
� Voltage Controlled Amplifiers or VCAs.
� Envelop Generator such as an ADSR.
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Lfos, Low Frequency Oscillators.
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Modular Analog Synthesizer
� Highly configurable
� Completely manual interconnection
� One interconnection configuration is called a path
� Heavy
� Very expensive
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Very expensive
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Next generation Analog Synthesizer
� Partially pre-cabled
� Electronic elements have a fixed place in the circuit.
� Less heavy and expensive
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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Digital analog modeling Synthesizer
� Appear in the 90s
� Very Light
� Cheaper
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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Our Project
� Main target:
� Affordable and high performance analog modeling
synthesizer.
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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User view on schematic
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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System Implementation
� Introduction
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Introduction
� System Implementation
� NIOS II system
� Sound stream
� Software Implementation
� Project Mapping
� µc/os II
� Conclusion & results
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Board level Architecture
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� The MIDI interface implemented with serial port.
� The CODEC interfaces is on the DE1 board.
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Inside the FPGA
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� The program inside the CPU responds to the
MIDI command.
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Actual system implementation(1)
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Sound stream element configuration mapped to
the NIOS II Memory
� Everything is wired in SOPC Builder
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Actual system implementation(2)
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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Sound Stream
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Based on Avalon ST Bus
� Clocked by the CODEC
� Back Pressure Avalon ST capability
� The samples are �pull� through the stream by the CODEC
� �D� elements to implement a pipeline
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Software Implementation
� Introduction
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Introduction
� System Implementation
� Software Implementation
� Project Mapping
� µc/os II
� Conclusion & results
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Project Mapping
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
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Project Mapping(continued)...
� Rules for Mapping:
� All the blocks which are in the sound flow will be
implemented in hardware.
� All the slow or computational blocks will be
implemented in software.
� The interconnection between all the hardware
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� The interconnection between all the hardware
blocks is simplified by the usage of the Avalon
bus.
� All the design is clocked by the same 50MHz
clock which is also routed by SOPC.
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µC/OS II
� Simple and efficient RTOS
� Integrated to NIOS II IDE
� Mainly 3 tasks implemented
� Midi Task : receive and execute the MIDI commands
� EG Task : envelope generator refresh
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� EG Task : envelope generator refresh
� LFO Task : Low frequency oscillator refresh
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Software organisation
� Operating Tasks
� Interconnection matrix system
� Almost everything can be interconnected dynamically
� Define 2 connectors
Sink to receive data (i.e. Oscillators, Filter)
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
Source to emit data (i.e. LFO/EG/MIDI) � Automatic refresh
� Control system to modify non-dynamic data
SinkSources
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Conclusion(1)
� FPGA itself was pretty adapted for the signal
processing as:
� It contains a lot of internal RAM .
� It has a lot of multipliers which permit to create many
high performance design blocks.
It has a Parallel Architecture which can help us to
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� It has a Parallel Architecture which can help us to
achieve a better throughput.
� FPGAs are cheaper than DSPs .
� The Avalon bus system is very efficient and
simple to implement
� Mostly thanks to SOPC Builder
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Performance (2)
� Smooth configuration
� Easy to accomplish with an FPGA
� Polyphony
� Pipelined architecture of FPGA
� 1000 cycles/sample available
� Actual Implementation should achieve a polyphony of at
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan
� Actual Implementation should achieve a polyphony of at
least 100.
� Minimal response time
� Sample processing Vs. block processing
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Refrences
� www.altera.com
� www.wikipedia.org
� www.dspmusic.com
� www.micrium.com
Analog Modeling Synthesizer: Arnaud Taffanel, Peyman Pouyan