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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur Penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat
dan karunia-Nya, Penulis dapat menyelesaikan seluruh proses penulisan tugas akhir
ini. Tugas akhir yang berjudul Analisis Termal Siklus Rankine Organik pada
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi ini disusun sebagai persyaratan akademik
dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan sarjana di jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik
Mesin dan Dirgantara, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Tugas sarjana ini tidak mungkin dapat dilaksanakan dan diselesaikan tanpa
dukungan dari banyak pihak. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1.
Kedua Orang Tua penulis, Soewitoadi dan Hersuprapti yang selalu setia
mendukung penulis dalam menyusun tugas akhir ini. Segala pengorbanan yang
diberikan membuat penulis memungkinkan menyusun tugas akhir ini. Serta
kepada saudara-saudara penulis, Dhata Praditya, Dia Mayangsari, Shinta Putri
Andansari, Muhammad Fikri Yuliandi dan Danisha Athayya Praditya yang
senantiasa mendukung penulis.
2.
Dr. Ir. Ari Darmawan Pasek, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan
banyak inspirasi, cerita, pengalaman, arahan, dan bimbingan dengan penuh
kesabaran kepada penulis dalam menyusun tugas akhir ini.
3. Dosen-dosen Program Studi Teknik Mesin atas segala ilmu yang telah
diberikan.
4. Teman-teman dekat penulis, Randi Wardhana Bachtiar, Devita Permanasari,
Kurniati Ekotomo, Listya Swasti Lestari, Maharani Putri Ayunda, Hafsah
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Halidah, Mohammad Ashyari Sastrosubroto, Jonathan Ricky, Ari Mahyudin,
Anugrah Erick, Dhira Naradwitama, Wafi Ihtikamiddin, Esta Andhizar, Fuadi
Fajri dan Dwiky Darmawan yang selalu mendukung penulis dan menemani
penulis dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini baik dalam suka maupun duka.
5. Gea Fardias Mumin, Hugo, Nina Konitat Supriyatna, dan Aqsa Dwi Putra yang
telah memberikan bantuan teknis selama pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.
6. Teman-teman Badan Pengurus HMM-ITB periode 2011-2012, Panitia
Olimpiade VI KM ITB, Panitia IEC ITB 2011, unit Ganesha Model United
Nations Club, Unit Kebudayaan Tionghoa, dan teman-teman Protokoler ITB
yang memberikan warna kepada penulis selama penulis berada di kampus ITB
sampai akhir.
7. Serta Teman-teman laboratorium termodinamika: Husin Baagil, Eksa Bagas,
Tri Aghna Satriya, Dliya Izharul Haq, Adrian Rizki Irhamna, Satrio Swandiko,
Reynold Pardamaian, Davy Febrinzki, dan Lia Laila yang memberikan
dukungan dan semangat dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini belum sempurna. Penulis berharap
melalui tulisan ini dapat membantu perkembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas
bumi, khususnnya untuk mahasiswa teknik mesin dan mahasiswa ITB pada
umumnya.
Bandung, 25 Februari 2013
Rachmat Fathoni
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DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................i
DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR..............................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................ix
Bab 1 Pendahuluan ............................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................................. 41.3 Tujuan .......................................................................................................4
1.4 Manfaat .....................................................................................................4
1.5 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................5
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian .............................................................................. 5
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ...............................................................................6
Bab 2 Studi Pustaka ............................................................................................8
2.1 Energi Panas Bumi ...................................................................................8
2.2 Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia ...............................................................9
2.3 Sistem Hidrothermal ...............................................................................10
2.4 Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas bumi..................................................11
2.5 Komponen-komponen Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi............ 13
2.5.1 Sumur dan Separator.......................................................................13
2.5.2 Evaporator.......................................................................................15
2.5.3 Turbin ..............................................................................................16
2.5.4 Kondensor....................................................................................... 172.6 Jenis-jenis Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi ............................... 18
2.6.1 Binary Power Plant ......................................................................... 19
2.6.2 Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant Bottom
Cycle 24
2.6.3 Back-pressure Steam and Binary Power Plant in Combine Cycle .. 25
2.7 Efisiensi Eksergetik dan Efisiensi Termal .............................................. 27
2.8 Analisis Menara pendingin .....................................................................29
2.9 Penentuan Temperatur Pembentukan Kerak Silika................................ 29
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2.10 Analisis Finansial untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi......... 32
Bab 3 Data dan Simulasi ...................................................................................38
3.1 Data Lokasi 1 ..........................................................................................38
3.1.1 Penghitungan Htotal .......................................................................... 39
3.1.2 Penghitungan Laju Aliran Massa Total........................................... 40
3.1.3 Penghitungan ,, , dan ............................................... 40
3.1.4 Penghitungan Fraksi Uap ................................................................41
3.1.5 Pemilihan Turbin SRO, Condensing dan Back-Pressure Turbine... 41
3.1.6 Data Lain-lain.................................................................................. 42
3.2 SimulasiHYSYS Lokasi 1 .......................................................................42
3.2.1 Simulasi HYSYS Binary Power Plant-Lokasi 1............................. 45
3.2.2 Simulasi HYSYS Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary
Power Plant Bottom Cycle-Lokasi 1............................................................. 46
3.2.3 Simulasi HYSYS untuk Back-Pressure Steam and Binary Power
Plant in Combine Cycle-Lokasi 1. .................................................................48
3.3 Data Lokasi 2 ..........................................................................................50
3.3.1 Penghitungan Htotal .......................................................................... 52
3.3.2 Penghitungan Laju Aliran Massa Total........................................... 52
3.3.3 Penghitungan ,, , dan ............................................... 52
3.3.4 Penghitungan Fraksi Uap ................................................................53
3.3.5 Pemilihan Turbin SRO, Condensing dan Back-Pressure Turbine... 54
3.3.6 Data Lain-lain.................................................................................. 54
3.4 SimulasiHYSYS Lokasi 2 .......................................................................55
3.4.1 Simulasi HYSYS Binary Power Plant-Lokasi 2............................. 57
3.4.2 Simulasi HYSYS Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine BinaryPower Plant Bottom Cycle-Lokasi 2............................................................. 58
3.4.3 Simulasi HYSYS untuk Back-Pressure Steam and Binary Power
Plant in Combine Cycle-Lokasi 2. .................................................................60
3.5 Data Efisiensi Eksergetik dan Efisiensi Termal..................................... 62
3.6 Analisis Menara Pendingin.................................................................... 63
3.6.1 Sumatera Selatan .............................................................................63
3.6.2 Sulawesi Utara ................................................................................ 64
3.7 Konsentrasi Silika pada Fluida panas bumi........................................... 65
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3.8 Data Finansial .........................................................................................65
Bab 4 Hasil dan Analisis ...................................................................................66
4.1 Analisis Lokasi 1 (Sumatera Selatan).................................................... 66
4.1.1 Binary Power Plant ......................................................................... 66
4.1.2 Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant Bottom
Cycle 68
4.1.3 Backpressure Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant in
Combine Cycle .............................................................................................. 71
4.2 Analisis Lokasi Sulawesi Utara ..............................................................74
4.2.1 Binary Power Plant ......................................................................... 74
4.2.2 Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant Bottom
Cycle 77
4.2.3 Backpressure Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant in
Combine Cycle .............................................................................................. 79
4.3 Efisiensi Eksergetik................................................................................83
4.4 Analisis Menara pendingin .....................................................................84
4.5 Temperatur Pembentukan Silika .............................................................85
4.6 Hasil Perhitungan Analisis Finansial ......................................................88
Bab 5 Kesimpulan dan Saran ............................................................................90
5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................90
5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................92
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................93
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Lokasi area prospek panas bumi di indonesia. [1].............................. 1
Gambar 2.1 Skema sumber panas bumi [5] ............................................................ 8
Gambar 2.2Sistem hidrothermal secara umum. [3] ............................................. 10
Gambar 2.3 Perbedaan antara PLTU (kiri) dan PLTP (kanan). [3]....................... 12
Gambar 2.4 Sistem binary plant. [3] .....................................................................13
Gambar 2.5 Model sederhana dari sumur danseparator. [13] ............................. 14Gambar 2.6 Evaporator pada SRO [13] ................................................................ 15
Gambar 2.7 Skema turbin [13] .............................................................................. 17
Gambar 2.8 Skema kondensor [13] ....................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.9 Skema binary cycle power plant. ...................................................... 20
Gambar 2.10 Tahapan hierarkis untuk desain optimal pada binary plant [9]....... 21
Gambar 2.11 Diagram skematik prosedural optimasi desain. [9] ......................... 22
Gambar 2.12 Diagram fasa termodinamika untuk berbagai tipe fluida kerja yang
digunakan pada binary plants: (atas) diagram ln ()-h; (bawah) diagram T-s.[9]23
Gambar 2.13 Skema condensing steam turbine and brine binary power plant
bottom cycle. .........................................................................................................25
Gambar 2.14 Non-condensing (back-pressure) steam turbine. [12].................... 26
Gambar 2.15 Skema dari back-pressure steam and binary power plant in
combined cycle. .....................................................................................................27
Gambar 2.16 Grafik berbagai bentuk silika pada larutan dalam air (fournier,
1973:22) ................................................................................................................30
Gambar 2.17 Gambar grafik yang menunjukkan pengaruh antara konsentrasi
silika dan temperatur. [14]..................................................................................... 31
Gambar 3.1 Sumber fluida geothermal pada pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi
lokasi 1 ..................................................................................................................38
Gambar 3.2 Tampilan input fluida yang digunakan pada simulasi PLTP dengan
menggunakan perangkat lunakHYSYS. ................................................................ 43
Gambar 3.3Fluid packages yang digunakan untuk sistem PLTP......................... 44
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Gambar 3.4 Tampilan saat ingin melakukan simulasi dan menekan tombol dalam
HYSYS. ..................................................................................................................44
Gambar 3.5 Bagan binary power plant lokasi 1................................................... 45
Gambar 3.6 Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS........................................ 46
Gambar 3.7Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. ........................................... 46
Gambar 3.8 Bagan condensing steam turbine and brine binary power plant
bottom cyclepadalokasi 1 ....................................................................................47
Gambar 3.9Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS......................................... 47
Gambar 3.10Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. .........................................48
Gambar 3.11 Bagan back-pressure steam and binary power plant in combine cycle
padalokasi 1. .........................................................................................................49
Gambar 3.12Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS....................................... 49
Gambar 3.13Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. .........................................50
Gambar 3.14 Sumber fluida geothermal pada pembangkit listrik tenaga panas
bumi lokasi 2 .........................................................................................................50
Gambar 3.15 Tampilan input fluida yang digunakan pada simulasi PLTP dengan
menggunakan perangkat lunakHYSYS. ................................................................ 55
Gambar 3.16Fluid packages yang digunakan untuk sistem PLTP....................... 56
Gambar 3.17 Tampilan saat ingin melakukan simulasi dan menekan tombol enter
simulation. .............................................................................................................56
Gambar 3.18 Bagan binary power plant lokasi 2................................................. 57
Gambar 3.19Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS....................................... 58
Gambar 3.20Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. .........................................58
Gambar 3.21 Bagan condensing steam turbine and brine binary power plant
bottom cyclepadalokasi 2. ...................................................................................59
Gambar 3.22Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS....................................... 60
Gambar 3.23Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. .........................................60
Gambar 3.24 Bagan back-pressure steam and binary power plant in combine
cyclepadalokasi 2. ............................................................................................... 61
Gambar 3.25Evaporator yang digunakan padaHYSYS....................................... 61
Gambar 3.26Preheater yang digunakan padaHYSYS. .........................................62
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Gambar 3.27 Skema menara pendingin. ............................................................... 63
Gambar 3.28 Skema menara pendingin ................................................................ 64
Gambar 4.1 Skema binary power plant................................................................ 66
Gambar 4.2 Diagram T-s .......................................................................................68
Gambar 4.3 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan)...... 68
Gambar 4.4 Skema condensing steam turbine and brine binary power plant in
bottom cycle di sumatera selatan ...........................................................................69
Gambar 4.5 Diagram T-s .......................................................................................71
Gambar 4.6 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan)...... 71
Gambar 4.7 SimulasiHYSYS untuk backpressure steam turbine and brine binary
power plant in combine cycle ................................................................................72
Gambar 4.8 Diagram T-s .......................................................................................74
Gambar 4.9 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan)...... 74
Gambar 4.10 Hasil simulasiHYSYS 7.3 untuk binary power plant...................... 75
Gambar 4.11 Diagram T-s aliran refrigerant Sistem 1.......................................... 76
Gambar 4.12 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan).... 76
Gambar 4.13 SimulasiHYSYS untuk condensing steam turbine and brine binary
power plant bottom cycle ......................................................................................77
Gambar 4.14 Diagram T-s aliran refrigerant Sistem 2.......................................... 79
Gambar 4.15 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan).... 79
Gambar 4.16 SimulasiHYSYS untuk backpressure steam turbine and brine binary
power plant in combine cycle ................................................................................80
Gambar 4.17 Diagram T-s aliran refrigerant Sistem 3.......................................... 82
Gambar 4.18 Nilai UA dan LMTD (kiri) dan dimensi penukar panas (kanan).... 82
Gambar 4.19 Temperatur pembentukan silika metode dipippo............................ 85
Gambar 4.20 Temperatur pembentukan silika metode dipippo............................ 86
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7/26/2019 Analisis Termal Pembangkit Listrik Tenag
9/105
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Potensi sumberdaya dan cadangan panas bumi indonesia, status:
februari 2009 [2] .....................................................................................................3
Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi sistem panas bumi. [3].........................................................11
Tabel 2.2 Depresiasi dengan menggunakan metode MACRS [18] ....................... 35
Tabel 2.3 Tahun dari perkiraan depresiasi dari suatu aset [10].......................... 36
Tabel 3.1 Data dari lokasi 1 ...................................................................................38
Tabel 3.2 Data input lokasi 1 .................................................................................41
Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi turbin condensing dan back-pressure................................. 42
Tabel 3.4 Data lain-lain .........................................................................................42
Tabel 3.5 Data dari lokasi 2 ...................................................................................51
Tabel 3.6 Data input lokasi 2 .................................................................................53
Tabel 3.7 Spesifikasi turbin condensing dan back-pressure................................. 54
Tabel 3.8 Data lain-lain .........................................................................................54
Tabel 3.9 Data efisiensi utilisasi ............................................................................62
Tabel 3.10 Data menara pendingin ........................................................................63
Tabel 3.11 Data menara pendingin ........................................................................64
Tabel 3.12 Nilai investasi PLTP di lokasi sumatera selatan .................................. 65
Tabel 3.13 Nilai investasi PLTP di lokasi sulawesi utara ......................................65
Tabel 4.1 Hasil simulasiHYSYS untuk binary power plant.................................. 67
Tabel 4.2 Hasil simulasiHYSYS untuk condensing steam turbine and brine binary
power plant bottom cycle ......................................................................................70
Tabel 4.3 Hasil simulasi HYSYS untuk backpressure steam turbine and brine
binary power plant in combine cycle ....................................................................73
Tabel 4.4 Hasil simulasiHYSYS untuk brine binary power.................................. 76
Tabel 4.5 Hasil simulasiHYSYS untuk condensing steam turbine and brine binary
power plant bottom cycle ......................................................................................78
Tabel 4.6 Hasil simulasi HYSYS untuk backpressure steam turbine and brine
binary power plant in combine cycle ....................................................................81
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Tabel 4.7 Hasil perhitungan efisiensi eksergetik di PLTP sumatera selatan......... 83
Tabel 4.8 Hasil perhitungan efisiensi eksergetik di PLTP sulawesi utara............. 83
Tabel 4.9 Hasil perhitungan efisiensi termal di PLTP sumatera selatan............... 84
Tabel 4.10 Hasil perhitungan efisiensi di PLTP sulawesi selatan......................... 84
Tabel 4.11 Hasil analisis menara pendingin. .........................................................84
Tabel 4.12 Nilai PW, IRR, dan PBP pada PLTP di lokasi sumatera selatan......... 88
Tabel 4.13 Nilai PW, IRR, dan PBP pada PLTP di lokasi sulawesi utara............. 89
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Bab 1
Pendahuluan
1.1 Latar Belakang
Kebutuhan akan pemakaian energi di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring
dengan laju pertumbuhan industri dan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk [11].
Dengan kondisi tersebut, hanya bergantung kepada energi fosil saja tidak akan
mampu memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia perlu
mengembangkan energi lain yang berpotensi besar khususnya dari bidang
energi baru dan energi terbarukan.
Dari berbagai macam energi baru dan terbarukan yang sedang
dikembangkan di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah energi panas bumi yang bisa
dimanfaatkan baik secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung. Manfaat
langsung dari sumber energi panas bumi antara lain sebagai sumber air panas
untuk pemandian umum dan wisata. Sedangkan, untuk manfaat secara tidak
langsung, panasbumi dapat digunakan sebagai Pembangkit Listrik. Indonesia
merupakan Negara dengan potensi panas bumi yang besar di dunia.
Gambar 1.1 Lokasi area prospek panas bumi di indonesia. [1]
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Potensi panas bumi di Indonesia yaitu sekitar 28170 MW atau 30-40%
potensi sumberdaya panas bumi dunia. Setelah dilakukan beberapa survei
terkait potensi panas bumi di Indonesia, terdapat 265 area prospek panas bumi.
Persebaran potensi panas bumi yaitu 84prospek di Pulau Sumatera, 76 prospek
di Pulau Jawa, 51 prospek di Pulau Sulawesi, 21prospek di Nusatenggara, 3
prospek di Irian Jaya, 15 prospek di Maluku dan 5 prospek diKalimantan.
Sistem panas bumi di Indonesia umumnya sistem hidrothermal yang
mempunyai temperatur tinggi (>225oC), hanya beberapa diantaranya yang
mempunyai temperatur sedang (125-225oC), sehingga sangat potensial apabila
diusahakan untukpembangkit listrik [1].
Dari seluruh potensi panas bumi yang tersedia di Indonesia, baru 4%
(1189 dari 28170 MW) saja yang sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit
tenaga listrik tenaga panas bumi. Namun saat ini, telah dilakukan rencana
pembangunan oleh Pertamina Geothermal Energy dari tahun 2009-2014 untuk
menambah 9466 MW (atau sekitar 33.6% dari potensi panas bumi di
Indonesia) [1].
Pada saat ini PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy merupakan perusahaan
panas bumi yang memiliki hak pengelolaan Wilayah Kerja Pertambangan
(WKP) Panas Bumi paling banyak di Indonesia, yaitu 15 WKP [2], yaitu:
1. Sibayak Sinabung (Sumatera)
2. Sibual-buali (Sumatera)
3. Sungai Penuh (Sumatera)
4. TB. Sawah Hulu Lais (Sumatera)
5. Lumut Balai (Sumatera)
6. Waypanas Ulubelu (Sumatera)
7. Cibeureum Parabakti (Jawa)
8. Pangalengan (Jawa)
9. Kamojang darajat (Jawa)
10. Karaha Bodas (Jawa)
11. Dieng (Jawa)
12. Iyang Argopuro (Jawa)
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13. Tabanan/Bedugul (Bali)
14. Lahendong (Sulawesi)
15. Kotamobagu (Sulawesi)
Dalam setiap pembangunan pembangkit tenaga listrik tenaga panas bumi
tersebut, harus diupayakan perencanaan dan penghitungan yang maksimal,
agar setiap pembangkit yang dihasilkan dari tenaga panas bumi dapat berjalan
dengan baik seefisien mungkin.
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) kini telah berkembang
pesat sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi PLTP itu sendiri. Beberapa
jenis Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi antara lain Binary Power Plant,
Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant Bottom Cycle, dan
Backpressure Steam and Binary Power Plant in Combined Cycle.
Selain 15 WKP baru diatas, saat ini juga PT Pertamina Geothermal
Energy membuka WKP baru di daerah lainnya. Salah satunya di 2 lokasi yang
akan penulis simulasikan pada tugas akhir ini.
Oleh karena itu, penulis akan menghitung, serta membuat simulasi
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas bumi di Sumatera Selatan juga Sulawesi
Utara dan akan menentukan serta menganalisis Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga
Tabel 1.1 Potensi sumberdaya dan cadangan panas bumi indonesia, status:februari 2009 [2]
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Panas bumi mana yang memiliki tingkat efisiensi paling tinggi serta
menghasilkan daya yang paling besar.
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi kini sudah banyak dibangun di
Indonesia guna memenuhi kebutuhan energi masyarakatnya yang semakin
lama semakin bertambah. Pertumbuhan ini harus dibarengi dengan teknologi
yang memadai sehingga hasil yang dicapai dari sebuah sistem menjadi lebih
efisien. Sehingga diperlukan simulasi yang dapat membandingkan tingkatefisiensi dari berbagai macam jenis Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi.
Namun pada kenyataan di lapangan, banyak faktor yang menentukan
pemilihan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi mana yang dipilih dan
efisiensi tidak semata-mata menjadi tolak ukur satu-satunya untuk penentuan
PLTP. Sehingga perlu dilakukan simulasi dan analisis yang menyeluruh pada
PLTP di 2 lokasi sumur panas bumi tersebut.
1.3 Tujuan
Tujuan dari Tugas Sarjana ini adalah:
1.
Menentukan konfigurasi sistem pembangkit yang tepat untuk kedua lokasi
sumur panas bumi.
2. Memprediksi kondisi operasi dan output daya dari setiap pembangkit listrik.
3. Menganalisis beban menara pendingin, menentukan temperatur
pembentukan silika dan menghitung analisis finansial.
1.4 Manfaat
Manfaat penelitian dalam tugas sarjana ini adalah:
1.
Sebagai bahan evaluasi dan pertimbangan kepada perusahaan yang
bergerak di bidang pembangkit untuk pemilihan PLTP yang tepat.
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2.
Mendukung Kebijakan Energi Nasional dalam upaya meningkatkan
penggunaan energi terbarukan sebagai energi alternatif untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan energi dalam negeri.
1.5 Batasan Masalah
Batasan masalah pada tugas sarjana ini adalah: Simulasi dan Analisis
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi dilakukan pada 2 lokasi sumur panas
bumi yang tidak dapat disebutkan nama lokasi tersebut dikarenakan data
perusahaan bersifat rahasia. Lalu, Fluida kerja yang digunakan adalah R-134a
dan air.
Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi disimulasikan dengan
menggunakan perangkat lunak HYSYS 7.3. HYSYSmerupakan suatu program
untuk simulasi proses desain. Banyak industri proses yang menggunakan ini
terutama industri minyak dan gas. DenganHYSYS, kita dapat membuat model
steady state dan dinamis untuk perancangan pabrik, monitoring kinerja,
troubleshooting, improvisasi operasi, perencanaan bisnis dan manajemen aset.
Sifat termofisika dari fluida didapat dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak
REFPROP 8.0.
Sistem konfigurasi yang akan dianalisis adalah Brine Binary Power
Plant, Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary Power Plant Bottom Cycle
danBackpressure Steam Turbine and Binary Power Plant in Combined Cycle.
Dan Analisis hanya meliputi kajian termodinamika pada seluruh konfigurasi
sistem.
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian
Dalam menyelesaikan tugas sarjana ini, penulis menggunakan langkah-
langkah antara lain: Studi literatur. Penulis menggunakan beberapa literatur
dari perkuliahan di Teknik Mesin ITB yang dijadikan acuan dan dasar
pemikiran dalam tugas sarjana ini, antara lain: buku termodinamika dan mesin
konversi energi. Selain dari buku, penulis juga membaca artikel, jurnal, paper
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mengenai berbagai macam Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi dan analisis
menghitung daya PLTP untuk mendukung proses pengerjaan tugas sarjana ini.
Selanjutnya adalah pengumpulan data. Data yang dibutuhkan adalah
data teknis cuaca (temperatur air dan udara di sekitar PLTP) dan data fluid
panas bumi (Tekanan, Temperatur, laju aliran massa, dan data kimia). Data-
data tersebut penulis dapatkan dari sumber yang tidak bisa disebutkan namun
lokasi dari data-data tersebut tidak dapat ditunjukkan karena alasan sifat data
yang dinilai rahasia atau confidential. Sifat-sifat termodinamika dan
termofisika udara didapat dari buku termodinamika dan perpindahan panas.Untuk data sifat termodinamika dan termofisika refrigeran R-134a didapat dari
perangkat lunakREFPROP 8.0.
Dan yang terakhir adalah perhitungan dan analisis. Perhitungan daya
keluaran pembangkit listrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangat lunak
HYSYS 7.3 serta analisis sistem mana yang memiliki efisiensi terbesar dengan
keluaran daya paling tinggi.
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan
Sistematika penulisan laporan tugas sarjana ini adalah: bab 1
menjelaskan latar belakang, identifikasi masalah, tujuan, manfaat, batasan
masalah, metodologi penelitian, dan sistematika penulisan pada laporan tugas
sarjana ini.
Sedangkan, bab 2 menjelaskan tinjauan pustaka mengenai energi panas
bumi, energi panas bumi di indonesia, energi hidrothermal, Siklus Rankine
Organik, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi secara umum, penjelasan
mengenai Binary Power Plant, Condensing Steam Turbine and Brine Binary
Power Plant Bottom Cycle, danBackpressure Steam and Binary Power Plant
in Combined Cycle. Serta menghitung temperatur pembentukan kerak silika.
Lalu bab 3 berisi data dan penghitungan laju aliran massa, enthalpy,
, , , dan , dan fraksi uap untuk mengetahui berapa aliran massa uap
dan aliran massa fluida yang masuk ke dalam sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga
Panas Bumi baik di lokasi 1 maupun lokasi 2. Bab 3 juga berisi simulasi dari
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sistem panas bumi yang dilakukan denganHYSYS 7.3,pemilihan turbin SRO,
dan turbin lainnya, serta data-data lainnya.
Hasil dan perhitungan akan dibahas pada bab empat dengan
menggunakan perangkat lunakHYSYS 7.3 serta hasil analisis mengenai ketiga
jenis pembangkit listrik tersebut di dua lokasi tersebut.
Yang terakhir adalah bab 5 berisi simpulan dari hasil analisis dan saran
dari studi yang dilakukan penulis.
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Bab 2
StudiPustaka
2.1 Energi Panas Bumi
Energi panas bumi adalah energi panas yang tersimpan dalam batuan di
bawa