Download - An introduction to RFID
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An introduction to RFID
Miguel.Pardal@IST .utl.pt
June 7th 2010
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Outline
• RFID Technology
• Business Applications
– Software and standards
• Challenges
• @IST
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Outline
• RFID Technology
• Business Applications
– Software and standards
• Challenges
• @IST
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RFID tags
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RFID antennas and readers
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Other RF technologies
How stuff works PWKits
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RFID in action
[Roussos06]
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Radio
• ISM radio bands
– Frequencies differ in world regions
• Europe, Americas, and Asia
• LF/HF RFID or UHF RFID?
– Operating principles are different
– Near-field far-field boundary
• Lambda / 2 PI
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Near-field RFID
• LF (Low Frequency): [30 .. 300] kHz
• HF (High Frequency): [3 ..30] MHz
• Inductive coupling
• Load modulation
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Shower Analogy
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Far-field RFID
• UHF(Ultra-High Frequency): [300..3 000] MHz
• MW (Microwaves): [2,5 .. 5,8 GHz]
• Wave coupling
• Backscatter
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Lighthouse Analogy
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Range
Credits: C. Floerkemeier, MIT
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Tag components
Credits: Rafsec OY, [Sarma01]
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Manufacturing trade-off
• Cost
• Range
• Functionality
Pick 2
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Tag categories
• Passive or battery-less – Use only power provided by the RFID reader’s signal – Smaller, more flexible – $ 0.20
• Semi-passive or battery-assisted
– Use a battery to boost response signal – $ 5
• Active or battery-powered
– Have additional processing capabilities and autonomy because they have more power e.g. sensors
– Longer range – $ 30
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Outline
• RFID Technology
• Business Applications
– Software and standards
• Challenges
• @IST
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Business applications
• Track & Trace – Monitor physical goods and keep history
• Industries:
– Warehousing – Maintenance – Pharmaceuticals – Medical Devices – Agriculture – Food – Retailing – Defense
Credits: Sybase.pt
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Software Layers
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Architecture Framework
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RFID middleware is easy…
• All readers
• Read all tags
• At all times
Credits: Carlos Perdigão, IST
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RFID middleware is easy…
• All readers
• Read all tags
• At all times
NOT
Credits: Carlos Perdigão, IST
cannot
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Outline
• RFID Technology
• Business Applications
– Software and standards
• Challenges
• @IST
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RFID middleware is easy…
• All readers
• Read all tags
• At all times
NOT
Credits: Carlos Perdigão, IST
cannot
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Why
Credits: Christian Floerkemeier, MIT
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Subscribe, Configure, Notify, Publish
[Floerkemeier07a]
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Simulation
Credits: Carlos Perdigão, IST
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Experimental setup
Credits: Nova Ahmed, Georgia Tech
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Trials
Credits: Schuitema supermarkets, RFID Journal
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RFID security is easy…
• All readers
• Read all tags
• At all times
NOT
Credits: Metro Group, RFID Journal
should not
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Threats
[Garfinkel05]
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Security
• Privacy – Misbehaving readers, well-behaving tags
• Authentication – Well-behaving readers, misbehaving tags
• Infrastructure security – Network
– Servers • ONS, EPCIS
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Conclusions
• RFID is a set of technologies – No “one-size-fit-all” tag and reader
• All readers cannot and read all tags at all times – RFID middleware challenges
• All readers should not read all tags at all times – RFID security challenges
• RFID allows things and places in the physical world to
automatically generate data – An Internet of Things
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Outline
• RFID Technology
• Business Applications
– Software and standards
• Challenges
• @IST
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Internet of Things @ IST
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Completed
• Nuno Rodrigues
– RFID Logistics integration with Navision ERP
• Guilherme Pereira
– Open-source RFID track and trace
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Ongoing
• Ricardo Carapeto
– Segurança de bagagens inteligentes
• Pedro Ferreira
– Interface EPCIS para BizTalk
• Carlos Perdigão
– Rede federada de rastreio de bens
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• Miguel Pardal
– Scalable and secure Discovery services
Ongoing
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Proposals
• RFID Toys
– Sistema de controlo de armazém robótico
• RFID Virtual Lab
– Simulador RFID
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Miguel.Pardal@IST .utl.pt