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An Industrial and Urban Nation An Industrial and Urban Nation (1876 -1900)(1876 -1900)
Chapter 19: pg. 576 - Chapter 19: pg. 576 - 603603
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Chapter OverviewChapter Overview General themes
How America uses new inventions to become the biggest industrial power in the world
Problems that this industrialization caused Progression through the chapter
1.Industrial Revolution – how did new inventions and methods make us an industrial power?
2.Industrial workers – what effects did these new inventions and methods have on the working man?
3.Immigration – how did industrialization affect immigration? How did immigration affect the working man?
4.Populism – what effects did this have economically and politically?
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Section 1 ObjectivesSection 1 Objectives
From pg. 579 – 584 Identify the developments that
happened in the steel, oil, and electric industries during the Second Industrial Revolution
Describe the changes that occurred in the way that businesses were organized
Explain why the America people distrusted monopolies and what actions they took against them
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Foldable activity – folding a paper Foldable activity – folding a paper to look like this . . .to look like this . . .
Steel Oil ElectricityImportant figure / figures
Major company
Major developments
Effects of this industry
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Steel IndustrySteel Industry
SteelImportant figure / figures
Henry Bessemer – Bessemer processAndrew Carnegie – U.S. Steel
Major company U.S. Steel
Major developments
Bessemer process – make a load of better steel in 10 minutes, not a day.
Effects this had Steel production: 1870 – 77,000 tons, 1879 – 1 million tonsCheap steel helped build railroadsCommon items – nails, wire, pipe – made of steelSteel for buildings – skyscrapers and steel-frame buildings
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Oil industryOil industry
OilImportant figure / figures
Benjamin Stillman – processing crude oil into keroseneEdwin Drake – oil wellsJohn D. Rockefeller – Standard OilNikolaus Otto – gas-powered engine
Major company Standard Oil
Major developments
Oil derricks – pump oil out of the groundGas powered engines – cars and planes
Effects this had Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia produce millions of barrels a yearFirst practical car in 1893First airplane flight in 1903 – Wright Brothers
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Electricity IndustryElectricity Industry
ElectricityImportant figure / figures
Thomas Edison – inventorAlexander Graham Bell – telephone
Major company General Electric
Major developments
Electric lightbulb in 1879 – EdisonTelephone in 1876 - Bell
Effects this had Telegraph connects U.S. and Britain in 1861Some major cities lit by electricity in 1880sMajor cities connected by phone in 1890s
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Foldable activityFoldable activity
1. Fold piece of paper in half horizontally
2. Fold paper in thirds vertically
3. Cut through one part of the paper up to the halfway line
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First third - New organizationFirst third - New organization
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Second Third – New strategiesSecond Third – New strategies
Vertical integration Vertical integration – owning the businesses involved with each step of production process
Horizontal integration Horizontal integration – owning all the businesses in a certain field TrustTrust – companies acting together to eliminate competition, form a monopoly
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Final Third – New attitudesFinal Third – New attitudes
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Turning point: Sherman Anti-Turning point: Sherman Anti-Trust ActTrust Act
Where on this continuum line would you put yourself in response to this statement:
“Monopolies – one company controlling an entire industry – should not be allowed.”
Monopolies should be completely illegal
Monopolies should be completely legal