![Page 1: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter
Max Parker
Olimpo Anaya-Lara
![Page 3: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview of connection methods
StringStar
Cluster
![Page 4: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Example Wind Farm Layout
• 1GW transmission
platform rating.
• ±300kV HVDC link.
• Turbines: 10MW, Swept
diameter 170m.
• Spacing: 7 diameters,
1190m.
• 10x10 square. 1.2km
1.2km
10.8km
10.8km
![Page 5: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Windfarm Layout, Radial StringsFor string and cluster networks
CollectionPlatform
Turbines
RedundancyLinks
Cable voltage: 52kV AC 70kV DC
7 turbines per string
14 strings
Non-tapered cable rating
![Page 6: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Windfarm Layout, Star Connection
1 Platform
4 Platforms
2 Platforms
8 Platforms
HVDC Link
Loop network
Platforms Outside Platforms InsideCollection
Collection/Transmission
Collection voltage: 11kV AC 15kV DC
Loop network voltage: 132kV AC ±100kV DC
![Page 7: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Evaluation of cable lengths
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Star, Stations Inside Star, Stations OutsideString and Cluster
Number of Converter Stations
Cabl
e Le
ngth
(km
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
AC, Inside AC, OutsideDC, Inside DC, Outside
Number of Converter Stations
Capi
tal C
ost (
£M)
![Page 8: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Evaluation of cable lengths breakdown of costs
1 2 4 8 100
50
100
150
200
250
300
Lifetime Losses
Collection Cable
Interconnect Cable
Platforms
Installation
Number of Converter Stations
Cost
(£M
)
Example: AC, platforms inside farm Loss Cost Calculation
Lifetime: 20 years
Discount rate: 10%
Electricity: £36/MWh
ROC: £40/MWh
![Page 9: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
0 10 20 300
5
10x 10
6 Mechanical Power
Pow
er (
W)
0 10 20 300
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04Wind Probability
wind speed (m/s)0 10 20 30
0
0.5
1Turbine Speed
wind speed (m/s)
Spe
ed (
rads
/s)
Evaluation of losses
• Average wind speed: 9.8m/s
• Cut-in wind speed: 3m/s
• Cut-out wind speed: 25m/s
• Rated wind speed: 12m/s
Site and Turbine Parameters
![Page 10: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Breakdown of losses
DC Star AC Star DC String AC String DC Cluster
AC Cluster0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
TransformersPower ElectronicsCablesGeneratorClustering Loss
Annu
al L
oss (
GWh)
![Page 11: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Breakdown of costs
DC Star AC Star DC String AC String DC Cluster
AC Cluster
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
PlatformCable InstallationCableLossCo
st (£
M)
Only cable, platform and loss costs considered at this stage
![Page 12: An evaluation of collection network designs which eliminate the turbine converter](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e72550346895da88565/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)