THE WAR OF 1812America’s Second War for Independence
“On to Canada, on to Canada”
Militarily unprepared Canada was a focus because the British
army was weakest there. Offensive strategy was poorly conceived Best strategy—capture Montreal America strategy—3 pronged
1. Detroit2. Niagara3. Lake Champlain
The Battle of the Great Lakes Oliver Hazard Perry—built a fleet of
green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie
“We have met the enemy and they are ours.”
Battle of the Thames—British defeated by General Harrison in October 1813
By 1814, Americans were grimly defending own soil
Washington Burned
August 1814 4,000 Br. troops
scattered some 6,000 militiamen
Burned the capitol and the White House
Fort McHenry and Francis Scott Key
Br. forces hammered Ft. McHenry
American stood strong
Br. fail to capture it
New Orleans
Force led by Andrew Jackson consisting of pirates, Frenchmen, men from KY, TN, and LA.
British launched a frontal assault—BIG MISTAKE
January 8, 1815—Br. lost 2,000 in 30”Major victory for the Americans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0
Treaty of Ghent
Officially ended the War of 1812 December 24, 1814 Armistice
No mention of grievances“Not one inch of territory ceded or lost.”
RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812
Results of the war included:
End of the Federalist Party (opposed war)
Encouraged industries in U.S.
Rise in nationalism/American independence
Despite the burning of the President’s mansion, the U.S. emerged strong
Federalist Grievances
Hartford Convention26 delegates from NE states met to discuss
issues Results:
Demanded $ assistance from DC for lost trade
Const. amend. Requiring 2/3 vote in Congress before embargo, new states, or declaration of war.
Other Federalist demands Abolish 3/5 clause Single term for presidents Prohibit the election of 2 successive
presidents from the same stateAimed at the “Virginia Dynasty”
Utter failure in wake of Battle of New Orleans
End of Federalist Party
Clay’s “American System”
Markets were flooded with cheap British goods, hurting American industries
Tariff of 1816—established the first protective tariff in US history
American System—economic system proposed by Henry Clay1. strong banking system2. protective tariff3. roads and canals
Road blocks of the American System Federal government voted in 1817 to
give $1.5 million to the states for internal improvementsVetoed by MadisonNE strongly opposed the building of a road
because it would drain away population and create competing states
The Era of Good Feelings? James Monroe was elected president in
1816 by the Republicans. One-party rule Sectional tensions increase, conflict over
slavery, internal improvements and the economy caused issues
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood
Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state
Henry Clay organized a compromise. HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT
COMPROMISER
MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820
Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida
1818—Anglo-American Convention with BritainProvided for a 10 year
joint occupation of Oregon
1819—Adams-Onis TreatySpain ceded Florida
to America
THE MONROE DOCTRINE In the early 19th
Century, various European countries hinted at increased colonization
In his 1823 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: Don’t interfere with Western Hemisphere
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