American Colonies
New England Colonies
13 Colonies
• 13 colonies
New England
Types of Colonies
• Charter – King granted a document to the colony which established the rules on how the colony will be governed
• Proprietary – King gave land to friends who set up colonies
• Royal – King governs the colony directly
Plymouth Bay Colony
• 1620• Charter Colony• Founded for Religious Freedoms• Merged with Massachusetts Bay
Colony 1691• Economic Activities – Fishing,
Lumber, shipbuilding, Trade, rum
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• 1630• Charter Colony• Founded by
Puritans
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Religious Freedom• Fishing, Lumber, shipbuilding ,
trade, rum• Leader John Winthrop
Connecticut
• Disagreed with Puritans
• 1636 Hooker and 100 others left Massachusetts
• 1639 drafted Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Hooker – “Father of American Democracy”
Connecticut
• Different from Massachusetts Bay Colony1. All men who were property owners
could vote2. Limited the power of the
government• 1662 became Charter Colony• The charter used as state
constitution until after American Revolution
Connecticut
• Reasons for founding – Religious and Political freedom, expand trade
• Economic Activities – Rum, Iron, Shipbuilding
Rhode Island
• Roger Williams• 1635 accused of spreading
new and dangerous opinions
• Church and state should be separate– State should maintain order
and peace NOT support one church
• Religious toleration• Non-Puritans could not vote • Believed non-Puritans
should worship freely
Rhode Island
• Believed non-church members should vote
• Believed land belonged to Indians• Europeans should buy land from
the Indians
Rhode Island
• 1635 – General Court ordered Roger Williams to return to England– Winthrop advised him to flee
• 1644 Charter from England called Providence Plantation
• Charter colony• Snuff, livestock, shipping
Rhode Island
• Allowed for freedom of religion including Catholics and Jews
• No state church• All white men could vote• Haven for misfits and scoundrels
called Rogues Island
Rhode Island
Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island congregation founded in 1658
New Hampshire
• Part of Massachusetts Bay Colony• 1680 – King issued Royal Charter• Colonists began settling north of Boston• Founded by John Mason• Economic Activities – trade, fishing,
lumber• Reasons for founding – trade and fishing
Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies
• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware
New Amsterdam
This is the oldest Jewish congregation in America started 1654 building was built in 1897
New Amsterdam
• 1626 Peter Minuit brought settlers• Originally settled by Dutch,
– Also Germans, French, Scandinavians, and others came to New Amsterdam
• People could practice their religion freely
•
New Amsterdam
• Peter Stuyvesant – governor– Strict and tough
minded– Old Silver Nails– Punishments were
harsh – heavy fines or public whippings
New York
• Dutch wedge – separates Northern and Southern colonies
• 1664 – King Charles II gave his brother James, duke of York permission to oust the Dutch
• James sent out a fleet
New York
• Governor Stuyvesant tried to get people to fight– Few weapons– Little gunpowder– No support from settlers
• Stuyvesant surrendered without firing a shot
New York
• Renamed New York• Proprietary Colony 1664- 1685• Royal Colony – 1685 • Reasons for founding – Expand
trade and connect colonies• Economic Activities – Wheat,
lumber, sugar, shipbuilding, trade
New Jersey
• Duke of York found the colony too large
• 1664 – Proprietary Colony• Gave land to Lord John Berkeley
and Sir George Carteret• They advertised religious freedom
and representative government
New Jersey
• East Jersey and West Jersey• 1702 – Royal Colony
–Protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly
• Reasons for founding – expansion, trading post, refuge for Quakers
• Economic Activities – trade, farming
Pennsylvania
• William Penn• Wealthy
Englishman• Friend of King
Charles II• 1667 at age 22
became Quaker
Pennsylvania
• Quakers - Radicals• Protestant reformers• All people were equal before God• Did not have ministers or priests• Refused to pay taxes to Church of
England
Pennsylvania
• William Penn imprisoned for his Quaker beliefs
• Found “not guilty” by the jury• Decided to leave England
Pennsylvania
• Frame of Government– Penn appointed Governor and council
of advisors to make laws– Representative assembly accepted or
rejected the laws– Assembly eventually able to make
laws on its own– Any white Christian male could vote
Pennsylvania
• Penn sent pamphlets with the Frame of Government all over Europe
• Settlers came from – England– Scotland– Wales– Netherlands– France – Germany (Deutsch) aka Pennsylvania Dutch
Pennsylvania
• Holy Experiment model of religious freedom, peace and Christian living
• All religions came to Pennsylvania• Believed land belonged to Indians• Peaceful relations with the Indians
Pennsylvania
• Philadelphia – Greek meaning “brotherly love”
• Planned to grow in a orderly way
Pennsylvania
• Founder – William Penn in 1682• Proprietary Colony• Religious and Political Freedoms;
Refuge for Quakers• Trade, Farming
Delaware
• Originally part of Pennsylvania – Pennsylvania did not have a port on
Atlantic (reason for founding)• Duke of York gave Lower Counties
to Penn• 1682 – 1701 Proprietary colony
Delaware
• 1702 Royal colony• Economic Activities – trade and
farming• Reasons for Founding – expand
trade
Southern Colonies
• Virginia• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia
Virginia
• Founded 1607 – Jamestown
• Important Leaders – John Smith, John Rolfe
• Economic Activities – tobacco• Reasons for Settling – Search for
gold; English outpost against Spain
Maryland
• 1633 – Lord Baltimore received a grant to establish colony
• Established as a Catholic colony
• Proprietary Colony
Maryland
• 200 Colonists arrived and named first town St. Mary’s
• Avoided swampy lowlands• Raised corn, cattle, and hogs• Few families came, mainly men• Began growing tobacco for profit
Maryland
• Conflicts arose between Protestants and Catholics
• Toleration Act of 1649– Restricting religious rights of
Christians a crime– Offered Religious freedom and
protected the rights of minorities
Maryland
• Reasons for founding – establish a Catholic colony
• Economic Activities – tobacco
Carolinas
• Named for King Charles I• 8 nobles given land• Settlements were in 2 different
areas• North – poor tobacco farmers• South – large rice plantations • Split into 2 colonies 1712
North Carolina
• Founded in 1655• Proprietary colony until 1729• Royal colony 1729 - 1776• Small farmers • Economic Activities – naval
supplies, tobacco, furs• Reasons for settlement – trade and
farming
South Carolina
• 1670 founded Charles Town• Proprietary Colony until 1719• Royal Colony 1719 – 1776• Began growing rice in the swampy
lowlands • Brought slaves for plantations
South Carolina
• Economic Activities – rice, indigo• Reasons for settling – trade and
farming
Georgia
• Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe
• Proprietary colony
• German, Swiss and Welsh Protestants, Jews in Savannah
Georgia
• Oglethorpe wanted a haven for debtors
• King wanted a buffer against Spanish Florida
Georgia
• Oglethorpe did not want large plantations– Outlawed slavery– Limited size of land grants
• 1752 Oglethorpe gave up charter
Georgia
• Proprietary 1732 – 1752• Royal 1752 – 1776• Economic Activities – Rice, indigo,
shipping supplies